电解臭氧水的生产方法Okubo,Noriaki 等（Shinko Plant Construction Co.,Ltd.,Japan）

用电解O3发生器产生O3。发生器中装有固体聚合物电解质膜，位于阳极和阴极之间，二个电极都与直流电源相接，水通过阳极侧水管道和阴极侧水管道进行电解，含有溶解SiO2和／或重金属的原水通过一软水装置并到达二个电极侧的水管道，当固体聚合物电解质膜被降解时，对电解O3发生器停止供水但不切断电流，     

对采用阴阳极保护的一些探讨

地埋石油管道,通电作阴极保护,效果比不通电的要好。本文从这一事实出发,进行了理论研究,提出了自己的看法。当阴阳极同时埋在地下,两者相距较远,约1公里,外加电压不高,约0.8 V～1.5V时,阴阳极之间很难构成直接回路,因此离子运动主要依靠扩散而不是电迁移。在阴阳极附近,由于扩散速度远小于离子在电极上的反应速度,因此在阴极周围就会形成负离子区,阻止O~(-2)向阴极区趋近形成对负离子的屏蔽状态。从而保护了阴极不被腐蚀。至于阳极,由于不与阴极构成直通回路,因此如果周围没有溶解阳极的介质,阳极表面就会生成一层致密的氧化层而导致钝化,因而减少了损耗并取得了良好的效果。     

阴极保护在埋地管道施工中的应用

埋在土壤中的金属管道由于各种原因管道表面将出现阳极区和阴极区,并在阳极区发生局部腐蚀。阴极保护就是利用外加手段迫使电解质中被保护金属表面都成为阴极,以达到抑制腐蚀的目的。本文介绍了牺牲阳极法在环北京成品油管道工程的应用情况。     

阴极保护技术在埋地燃气管道中应用研究

针对埋地燃气管道的腐蚀问题,首先对我国埋地燃气管道的腐蚀现状进行简单分析,然后从阴极保护方案选择、阴极保护系统基本要求及参数选择、通电点及参比电极的安装、测试桩改进、测试桩及恒电位仪的安装以及阳极布局优化等方面入手,对阴极保护技术在埋地燃气管道中的应用进行具体设计。研究表明:燃气管道一般均选用牺牲阳极的方法进行阴极保护,在实施阴极保护的过程中,管道保护电位最大为-0.85 V,新建管道自腐蚀电位最大为-0.55 V,接地电流为20 mA/m~2,阳极地床与管道之间的水平距离应大于300 mm,垂直距离不应小于1.5 m。     

我国埋地钢质管道阴极保护研究现状

介绍了钢质管道的两种阴极保护系统:牺牲阳极阴极保护系统和强制电流阴极保护系统,并对两种系统的优缺点进行对比;介绍了管道阴极保护中所使用的电源类型并对各种电源适用场合及优缺点进行对比;介绍并对比了几种阴极保护电位的测量技术;统计和分析了钢质管道阴极保护的相关专利和文献的发表状况;最后提出了我国阴极保护存在的一些问题并提出未来的研究方向。     

液体的电化学处理设备Akahori,Massaii 等 （Ebara Comoration. Japan） .

本发明提供液体电化学处理设备的电极室结构，它可稳定地运行，用纯水作为电极室液体，不要求浓度调节，没有反向电极反应。该电化学处理设备在阳极和阴极之间有离子交换膜，由阳极和阳离子交换膜形成阳极室，由阴极和阴离子交换膜形成阴极室，每个阳极室和阴极室中都填充离子交换纤维。     

用电化学方法减少钼电极侵蚀

1　引言电熔窑熔化玻璃时大多采用钼电极。钼电极的侵蚀与玻璃液的化学成份 (多价离子、与钼构成低共熔体的离子、澄清剂等 )、电参数 ,尤其是电流密度有关。众所周知 ,用电化学法——阳极保护和阴极保护法 ,能使侵蚀降低到最低限度。在实验室试验中 ,我们研究了不同化学成份的玻璃液以及钼在玻璃液中的特性。钼的阴极保护产生了一层硅化钼 ,从而减少了侵蚀。而阳极的钝化则使电极周围形成一种富氧化物的玻璃液 ,降低了电极的侵蚀速率。2　试　验在全电熔玻璃熔炉中进行了钼电极阴极保护的工业试验。熔窑中熔制的是白色钠钙硅灯罩玻璃 ,日产…     

望城输气管道阴极保护的设计

为保护埋地输气管道不受电化学腐蚀影响,应对其进行阴极保护。本文采用强制电流法和牺牲阳极法进行了管道阴极保护的设计和计算;综合比较后,确定采用牺牲阳极法对管道进行阴极保护。     

阴极保护用涂层钛电极(二)

介绍了电化学法除海洋生物用Ti/Pt/IrTa涂层电极,钢筋混凝土阴极保护用Ti/RuTiSnMn涂层电极,以及土壤阴极保护用Ti/RuTiIrZr涂层电极。给出了几个阴极保护用辅助阳极的实例。     

土壤的腐蚀性调查及其评价

在敷设地下管道之前,必需对土壤的腐蚀性进行调查,包括土壤现场勘测和实验室分析,了解管道沿线土壤电阻率分布图、酸碱度分布图、土壤氧化还原电位分布图、腐蚀电位和管地电位、杂散电流分布图等及其含水量、含盐量、Cl~-、SO_4=等腐蚀性阴离子,综合以上指标得到管道腐蚀度分布图,这对确定管道防腐层质量标准和阴极保护装置埋地阳极的选址及阳极布置是非常必要的。本文较详细地介绍了土壤现场勘测和实验室分析的各项内容、原理和方法。     

COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF GYPSUM1

The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO₃ and determination of CaO by KMnO₄ titration, the SO₃ by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO₄ has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time.     

氢气纯度分析方法准确性的探讨

ONACCURACYOFANALYSISOFOFHYDROGEN1前言我公司目前应用的氢气纯度分析方法有两种,一种是爆炸反应法,另一种是焦性没食子酸吸收法。几年来,人们对两种分析方法的准确性曾有过褒贬不一的评论。这里我们也谈谈自己粗浅的观点。2爆炸法测定氢气纯度一定量的氢气样品与适量的空气之均匀混合物因反应后生成液体水而引起气体体积减少,减少的体积等于参加反应气体体积之和。其中l／3为氧气,2／3为氢气。根据氢气取样量和反应前后混气体体积之差,以及氢气在反应中的体积比例关系,可计算出样品的氢气纯度。计算公式式中：A一混…     

HEASUREHENT OF INSTANTANEOUS RATES OF LOSS OF VOIATILE COMPOUNDS DURING DRYING OF DROPS

A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.

Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology.     

SEDIMENTATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PARTICLES OF UNEQUAL DENSITIES AND OF DIFFERENT SIZES

A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases.     

茶多酚提取方法进展

本文综述了国内外现有茶多酚提取方法的现状以及近期的研究进展，并对其优缺点进行了评价。这将有助于中低档茶的综合利用和茶多酚的进一步开发应用。     

ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES

Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log₁₀ viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log₁₀ viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na₂O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ for Na₂O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log₁₀η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature T_a. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log₁₀η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A1₂O₃) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al₂O₃) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log₁₀η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al₂O₃. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log₁₀η due to substitution of an oxide for Na₂O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to of Substitution of B₂O₃ for SiO₂ The change of log₁₀η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log₁₀η per per cent B₂O₃. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na₂O.     

环氧树脂羟基值测定方法的研究

利用乙酸酐、吡啶和浓硫酸混合的乙酰化试剂测定环氧树脂中羟基值含量的方法具有操作简便、滴定终点明显和分析结果误差小等优点。     

骑式摩托车油箱喷涂工艺的改进

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。     

几种针状焦性能对比

针状焦分石油系和煤系两大类,这主要取决于针状焦的原料来源。在同一系列中由于原料不同和工艺条件不同 ,针状焦的各自性能也不相同。针状焦是生产超高功率石墨电极和高功率石墨电极的主要原料 ,针状焦的性能对石墨电极的质量有至关重要的影响。所以对针状焦性能以及其对石墨电极质量影响的研究十分必要的。以下是常用的几种进口针状焦和国产针状焦的性能对比。１原料性能分析对比原料试样包括４种针状焦 ,其中两种为进口针状焦：三菱针状焦和新日化针状焦;另两种为国产针状焦：鞍山针状焦和锦州针状焦。其中除锦州针状焦是石油系针状焦外…     

用两个形状指数表征粉煤灰颗粒形貌的研究

引用两个形状指数表征颗粒形状的概念,即先将颗粒形状近似为椭圆,再将椭圆图像分离:以圆为基准的颗粒宏观形状指数δ;以光滑椭圆为基准的颗粒轮廓凹凸度,即微观形状指数ζ。分析和发展了近似椭圆模型。并运用图像分析仪对粉煤灰、水泥样品进行实验。结果表明,粉煤灰颗粒的两个形状指数δ和ζ都大于水泥颗粒。证明粉煤灰颗粒的球形度、表面光滑度优于水泥,而且,随着粒径增大,δ和ζ呈下降趋势,表明磨制颗粒越粗。(?)粒形状越不规则。文中还运用近似椭圆模型再现了颗粒的模拟图像。