一种提高无线环境中TCP性能的改进方案

本文针对无线信道的特点提出了一种用于提高无线环境中TCP性能的改进方案－Wireless-TCP，通过尝试对TCP的拥塞控制中时间的算法进行调整并增加Probe模块以应对无线信道中的长时间中断，保证TCP连接的存在，通过爱立信通信实验室的仿真实验验证了该改进方案的有效性。     

移动无线网络中TCP拥塞窗口控制机制的仿真实现

文章模拟了两个建筑楼中移动无线节点之间的数据传送情况,探讨TCP拥塞窗口控制机制在移动无线网络中的应用效果。针对具体的应用,提出了移动无线网络中TCP拥塞窗口控制机制的仿真思路,并用NS3模拟器进行了具体的仿真实现。     

Ad-hoc网络中TCP性能分析及改进研究

对引起Ad-hoc网络TCP性能降低的原因进行了分析,并针对Ad-hoc网络的多跳特性对TCP性能的影响,提出了一种通过增大MAC层最小竞争窗口来减小信道竞争压力的参数优化法。NS2仿真实验结果表明提出的方案能有效地改善Ad-hoc网络的TCP性能。     

改进无线网络TCP性能的研究

对采用TCP协议传输数据的实现过程及其在无线网络中可能遇到的问题进行了描述。对因无线信道误码率较高和频繁切换而导致网络性能下降的问题,提出了无线链路层快速重传技术改善网络性能的有效措施,并研究了在无线网络中链路层快速重传技术对无线TCP数据传输的影响。仿真表明链路层快速重传可以有效地改善无线TCP的性能,进一步提高了网络利用率和吞吐量。     

对半增长TCP拥塞控制算法研究

首先简要介绍了TCP(Transmission Control Protocol)Reno拥塞控制算法，在此基础上分析了对半增长TCP(Binary Increase TCP，Bl-TCP)拥塞控制算法的优点及其不足，并提出改进算法——Blplus算法，最后使用NS2(Network Simulator Version2．26)仿真来验证提出的改进算法。     

网络拥塞控制中探测元机制的研究

为提高TCP协议在长时延、高差错率网络中的性能，探测元机制做为一种主动自适应机制，在TCP的许多改进实现中被涉及。详细阐述了探测元机制的原理和具体应用，并在NS仿真中实现了该机制。理论分析和仿真实验显示，在TCP中引入探测元机制，能有效提高长时延、高差错率网络的吞吐量。     

业务流预测在网络编码平台的实现及验证

网络编码由于可以利用无线信道的广播特性带来的空间冗余条件,在无线自组织网络中的应用显示了巨大的潜力。但TCP业务的机会网络编码在无线自组织网络中获得的增益却很小。基于这一问题,提出对TCP业务流具有的自相似性进行FARIMA模型建模,进行数据包到达时间的预测,从而为路由节点根据网络状态进行正确的编码等待决定提供依据,仿真结果验证了TCP业务流的自相似性,预测算法具有良好的预测结果。文中详细介绍了预测算法在COPE网络编码的NS2平台中的具体实现流程。     

基于NS2模拟软件的TCP协议实验设计

目前在计算机网络实验教学中往往只进行设备配置与管理,使得学生对于协议机制和性能分析没有较好的理解。构建基于NS2仿真软件的TCP协议的实验,在软件中对TCP协议的慢启动、窗口机制以及拥塞控制进行仿真分析。实践表明,在网络实验教学中使用NS2有利于学生更加直观地理解网络协议的实现原理,能得到较好的实验教学效果。     

混合网络下的ECLN拥塞控制跨层优化算法

针对有线网络中的拥塞控制机制ECN进行改进,引入网络负荷因子的概念来更准确、有效的更新发送方的窗口大小,并将它和无线网络中的WELN机制相结合,提出了ECLN机制来提高在混合网络下的网络性能,并用NS2仿真工具在物理层引入无线信道错误模型来模拟无线链路上的丢包现象.仿真结果表明,该算法能够有效降低丢包数,明显提高网络的吞吐量.     

无线网络中TCP拥塞控制算法的性能分析

根据无线网络中存在随机数据包丢失的特定情况,对TCP拥塞控制算法在无线网络中的性能进行了分析。理论分析和仿真结果表明,随着无线链路中随机数据包丢失概率的增加,TCP拥塞控制算法将导致无线网络性能的严重下降。     

卫星链路中TCP传输性能改进与仿真

卫星信道与地面有线信道具有不同的特点,当TCP协议直接应用于卫星链路上时,其吞吐量等性能会受到影响。针对卫星链路的特点,分析了现有的卫星链路进行TCP传输的几种解决方案,使用NS 2仿真软件,建立了仿真模型,并在给定的仿真环境下得出了一些卫星链路下TCP传输性能和卫星spoofing技术的仿真结论。卫星链路具有时延大、误码率高等特点,仿真结果说明卫星spoofing技术和PS技术相结合的方案对卫星链路TCP传输性能改善是十分有益的。     

TCP Throughput Enhancement over Wireless Mesh Networks

TCP is the predominant technology used on the Internet to support upper layer applications with reliable data transfer and congestion control services. Furthermore, it is expected that traditional TCP applications (e.g., Internet access) will continue to constitute the major traffic component during the initial deployment of wireless mesh networks. However, TCP is known for its poor throughput performance in wireless multihop transmission environments. For this article, we conducted simulations to examine the impact of two channel interference problems, the hidden terminal and exposed terminal, on TCP transmissions over wireless mesh networks. We also propose a multichannel assignment algorithm for constructing a wireless mesh network that satisfies the spatial channel reuse property and eliminates the hidden terminal problem. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in improving the performance of TCP in wireless multihop networks.     

An Adaptive Delayed Acknowledgment Strategy to Improve TCP Performance in Multi-hop Wireless Networks

In multi-hop wireless networks, transmission control protocol (TCP) suffers from performance deterioration due to poor wireless channel characteristics. Earlier studies have shown that the small TCP acknowledgments consume as much wireless resources as the long TCP data packets. Moreover, generating an acknowledgment (ACK) for each incoming data packet reduces the performance of TCP. The main factor affecting TCP performance in multi-hop wireless networks is the contention and collision between ACK and data packets that share the same path. Thus, lowering the number of ACKs using the delayed acknowledgment option defined in IETF RFC 1122 will improve TCP performance. However, large cumulative ACKs will induce packet loss due to retransmission time-out at the sender side of TCP. Motivated by this understanding, we propose a new TCP receiver with an adaptive delayed ACK strategy to improve TCP performance in multi-hop wireless networks. Extensive simulations have been done to prove and evaluate our strategy over different topologies. The simulation results demonstrate that our strategy can improve TCP performance significantly.     

混合网络下的TCP拥塞控制跨层优化算法

针对混合网络中并行链路间TCP流的不公平性,提出一种新的算法.此算法利用跨层设计的思想,以传输层的数据重传率为参数来调整TCP流不公平性,也就是说MAC层上的竞争窗口将根据重传率的动态变化而改变,其目的在于抑制并行链路TCP流接入信道能力的不公平性.并且用仿真工具NS2进行仿真的结果表明,采用改进算法后的网络公平性指数比未改进前提高了17.9％.该算法能明显改善并行链路间TCP流的不公平性.     

Modeling TCP SACK performance over wireless channels with completely reliable ARQ/FEC

In this paper, we propose an analytical cross‐layer model for a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) connection running over a covariance‐stationary wireless channel with a completely reliable Automatic Repeat reQuest scheme combined with Forward Error Correction (FEC) coding. Since backbone networks today are highly overprovisioned, we assume that the wireless channel is the only one bottleneck in the system which causes packets to be buffered at the wired/wireless interface and dropped as a result of buffer overflow. We develop the model in two steps. At the first step, we consider the service process of the wireless channel and derive the probability distribution of the time required to successfully transmit an IP packet over the wireless channel. This distribution is used at the next step of the modeling, where we derive expressions for the TCP long‐term steady‐state throughput, the mean round‐trip time, and the spurious timeout probability. The developed model allows to quantify the joint effect of many implementation‐specific parameters on the TCP performance over both correlated and non‐correlated wireless channels. We also demonstrate that TCP spurious timeouts, reported in some empirical studies, do not occur when wireless channel conditions are covariance‐stationary and their presence in those measurements should be attributed to non‐stationary behavior of the wireless channel characteristics. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Hierarchical cache design for enhancing TCP over heterogeneous networks with wired and wireless links

TCP is a reliable transport protocol tuned to perform well in traditional networks made up of links with low bit-error rates. Networks with higher bit-error rates, such as those with wireless links and mobile hosts, violate many of the assumptions made by the transmission control protocol (TCP), causing degraded end-to-end performance. We propose a two-layer hierarchical cache architecture for enhancing TCP performance over heterogeneous networks with both wired and wireless links. A new network-layer protocol, called new snoop (NS), is designed. The main idea is to cache the unacknowledged packets at both the mobile switch center (MSC) and base station (BS), to form a two-layer cache hierarchy. If a packet is lost due to transmission errors in the wireless link, the BS takes the responsibility to recover the loss. When a handoff occurs, the packets cached at the MSC can help to minimize the latency of retransmissions due to temporal disconnection. NS can preserve the end-to-end TCP semantics and is compatible with existing TCP applications. Its implementation only requires code modification at the BS and MSC. Simulation results show that NS is significantly more robust in dealing with unreliable wireless links and handoffs as compared with the original snoop scheme, as well as some other existing TCP enhancements.     

Optimal design of hybrid FEC/ARQ schemes for TCP over wireless links with Rayleigh fading

In this paper, we investigate interactions between TCP and wireless hybrid FEC/ARQ schemes. The aim is to understand what is the best configuration of the wireless link protocol in order to guarantee TCP performance and channel efficiency. Interactions between TCP and different link layer mechanisms are evaluated by means of an analytic model that reproduces: 1) a Rayleigh fading channel with FEC coding, 2) a generic selective repeat ARQ Protocol, and 3) the TCP behavior in a wired-cum-wireless network scenario. The analytic model is validated-by means of ns-based simulations. The analysis represents a contribution to the optimal design of link layer parameters of wireless networks crossed by TCP/IP traffic. The main findings can be summarized as follows: 1) fully reliable ARQ protocols are the best choice for both TCP performance and wireless link efficiency and 2) optimal values of FEC redundancy degree from the point of view of energy efficiency maximizes TCP performance as well.     

Improving TCP/IP Performance over Third-Generation Wireless Networks

As third-generation (3G) wireless networks with high data rate get widely deployed, optimizing the transmission control protocol (TCP) performance over these networks would have a broad and significant impact on data application performance. In this paper, we make two main contributions. First, one of the biggest challenges in optimizing the TCP performance over the 3G wireless networks is adapting to the significant delay and rate variations over the wireless channel. We present window regulator algorithms that use the receiver window field in the acknowledgment (ACK) packets to convey the instantaneous wireless channel conditions to the TCP source and an ACK buffer to absorb the channel variations, thereby maximizing long-lived TCP performance. It improves the performance of TCP selective ACK (SACK) by up to 100 percent over a simple drop-tail policy, with small buffer sizes at the congested router. Second, we present a wireless channel and TCP-aware scheduling and buffer sharing algorithm that reduces the latency of short flows while still exploiting user diversity for a wide range of user and traffic mix.     

TCP performance over wireless MIMO channels with ARQ and packet combining

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communication systems that employ multiple transmit and receive antennas can provide very high-rate data transmissions without increase in bandwidth or transmit power. For this reason, MIMO technologies are considered as a key ingredient in the next generation wireless systems, where provision of reliable data services for TCP/IP applications such as wireless multimedia or Internet is of extreme importance. However, while the performance of TCP has been extensively studied over different wireless links, little attention has been paid to the impact of MIMO systems on TCP. This paper provides an investigation on the performance of modern TCP systems when used over wireless channels that employ MIMO technologies. In particular, we focus on two representative categories of MIMO systems, namely, the BLAST systems and the space-time block coding (STBC) systems, and how the ARQ and packet combining techniques impact on the overall TCP performance. We show that, from the TCP throughput standpoint, a more reliable channel may be preferred over a higher spectral efficient but less reliable channel, especially under low SNR conditions. We also study the effect of antenna correlation on the TCP throughput under various conditions.     

TCP在无线衰落信道下的性能研究

本文在分析无线TCP原理的基础之上,讨论了各种提高无线链路TCP性能的方法,并对其优缺点进行了分析和总结.最后给出无线环境下TCP改进的基本原则,并初步探讨了进一步改进的方向.