MoSi2/淬火45钢的干摩擦磨损性能

采用M-2型磨损试验机研究了MoSi2/淬火45钢的干摩擦磨损特性，并通过对电子扫描显微镜（SEM）和X射线衍射仪观察了试件的磨损表面形貌，分析了磨屑的成分，探讨了其摩擦磨损机理。结果表明，随着载荷的增大，摩擦机理主要表现为微观滑动和粘着效应，低载荷下的磨损机制以疲劳磨损为主，高载荷下的磨损机制主要表现为粘着磨损。     

碳/碳复合材料的载流摩擦磨损性能及机理

在高速载流摩擦磨损试验机上对碳/碳复合材料进行摩擦磨损试验,研究了不同电流、载荷和滑动速度下复合材料的摩擦因数、磨损率及磨损表面形貌,并分析了磨损机理。结果表明:在一定载荷作用下,随电流和滑动速度增大,碳/碳复合材料的摩擦磨损性能先保持良好而后趋于恶化;在电流和滑动速度一定的条件下,较低和较高的载荷都会恶化碳/碳复合材料的摩擦磨损性能;随着摩擦表面温度升高,碳/碳复合材料基体开始氧化流失,碳纤维脱落形成磨屑,从而导致磨粒磨损;随后摩擦表面的高温使磨屑软化,磨屑在机械应力作用下逐渐被碾压成碳膜,形成粘着磨损;磨损表面温度的进一步升高以及高速冲击的作用破坏了碳膜的完整性,从而恶化了碳/碳复合材料的摩擦磨损性能。     

稀土强韧化MoSi2材料的摩擦学性能

采用高温自蔓延和真空烧结合成了含0.8%（质量分数）稀土/MoSi2复合材料。在MRH-5A型环-块摩擦磨损试验机上,考察了其与调质45#钢配对时的摩擦磨损特性。运用带有微探针的KYKY2800型扫描电镜分析了其磨损表面形貌,探讨了该材料的磨损机制。结果表明：在干摩擦同等条件下,稀土/MoSi2复合材料比纯MoSi2材料具有更好的抗磨损性能,其磨损率比纯MoSi2至少降低了68%。低速（200r/min）时,RE/MoSi2复合材料的磨损机制主要是粘着磨损,随着载荷的增加,粘着磨损脱落更为严重;在高速（400r/min）和低载荷（78N）下,RE/MoSi2复合材料的磨损机制仍以粘着磨损为主,在重载荷（274N）下,RE/MoSi2复合材料的磨损机制主要为粘着磨损和疲劳脆性断裂。     

T8钢干滑动磨损表面形貌和磨损颗粒特征

结合磨损试验得到的磨损率曲线,采用扫描电子显微镜对T8钢干滑动磨损表面和磨损颗粒进行了观察分析。指出在1～2m/s的滑动速度范围、20～140N的正向载荷条件下,T8钢的干滑动磨损过程主要有氧化特征的轻微磨损和有粘着脱层特征的严重磨损两种主导机制,并在较高的载荷和速度时开始出现熔化磨损特征。     

UHMWPE基复合材料在干摩擦和油田污水条件下的摩擦磨损性能

采用模压烧结法制备了超高分子量聚乙烯(UnMWPE)/聚苯酯(Ekonol)复合材料;采用45#钢为摩擦对偶件的往复滑动式摩擦磨损试验机,在室温下测试了Ekonol含量对UHMWPE在干摩擦和油田污水条件下的摩擦磨损性能影响,实验条件为:接触压力7.5 kN、滑动速度1.8 m/min、时间3 h;采用扫描电子显微镜观察复合材料磨损表面形貌并分析了磨损机制.结果表明:填充加%Ekonol可以显著改善UHMWPE的摩擦磨损性能.与干摩擦条件相比,在油田污水条件下,UHMWPE基复合材料摩擦因数提高不明显,但磨损率明显增大;在干摩擦条件下,纯UHMWPE的磨损机制主要为粘着和犁沟效应,UHMWPE/Ekonol复合材料的磨损机制为粘着和疲劳,而在油田污水条件下UHMWPE/Ekonol复合材料的磨损机制主要为磨粒磨损和疲劳.     

CNTs/AZ91复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

采用粉末冶金法和热挤压工艺制备了碳纳米管增强AZ91镁合金(CNTs/AZ91)复合材料,研究了复合材料在干滑动条件下的摩擦磨损性能、磨损形貌及磨损机制,并与AZ91镁合金基体的进行了对比。结果表明:由于CNTs的自润滑和增强作用,复合材料的摩擦磨损性能明显优于基体合金的;随着载荷和CNTs质量分数增加,复合材料的摩擦因数逐渐降低;随着载荷增加,复合材料的磨损量增大;在相同的载荷下,复合材料的磨损量随CNTs质量分数的增大而减小;AZ91镁合金的磨损机制为疲劳磨损和磨粒磨损,复合材料的磨损机制以轻微的粘着磨损和磨粒磨损为主。     

高承载下自润滑纤维织物复合材料摩擦磨损性能研究

采用轴-瓦式摩擦磨损试验机研究高载荷条件下自润滑纤维织物复合材料的摩擦磨损性能;利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察复合材料以及对偶轴套磨损表面的形貌,并分析探讨摩擦磨损机制。结果表明：自润滑纤维织物复合材料能够承受载荷400 MPa、摆动次数25 000次的摩擦磨损试验,且摩擦磨损性能与载荷有明显的相关性;其摩擦因数随着载荷的增加而变小,磨损深度随着载荷的增加而变大;低载荷条件下,其磨损机制以黏着磨损为主,高载荷条件下,磨损机制以磨粒磨损为主。     

高承载下自润滑纤维织物复合材料摩擦磨损性能

采用轴-瓦式摩擦磨损试验机研究高载荷条件下自润滑纤维织物复合材料的摩擦磨损性能;利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察复合材料以及对偶轴套磨损表面的形貌,并分析探讨摩擦磨损机制。结果表明:自润滑纤维织物复合材料能够承受载荷400 MPa、摆动次数25 000次的摩擦磨损试验,且摩擦磨损性能与载荷有明显的相关性;其摩擦因数随着载荷的增加而变小,磨损深度随着载荷的增加而变大;低载荷条件下,其磨损机制以黏着磨损为主,高载荷条件下,磨损机制以磨粒磨损为主。     

载流条件下黄铜/Al_2O_3/Cu复合材料摩擦副的摩擦磨损性能

采用内氧化法制备了Al2O3/Cu复合材料,以该复合材料为销试样,黄铜(H62)为盘试样进行载流条件下的干滑动摩擦磨损试验,并对销试样摩擦表面进行微观形貌分析.结果表明:磨损率随着电流、速度和载荷的增大而增加,摩擦因数随着电流的增大而增加,随着速度和载荷的增大而减小;电流较小时摩擦表面具有磨粒磨损和粘着磨损的共同特征,电流较大时以粘着磨损为主;在试验条件下,Al2O3/Cu复合材料的抗摩擦磨损性能显著优越于紫铜.     

Ekonol/石墨/MoS2填料对PTFE力学和摩擦磨损性能的影响

研究了Ekonol含量对Ekonol／石墨／MoS2／P，PTFE复合材料的力学性能、摩擦磨损性能的影响，以及滑动速度、载荷对材料摩擦磨损性能的影响；用扫描电子显微镜观察了复合材料磨损后的表面形貌，并探讨了其磨损机制。结果表明：加入填料降低了材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度，但提高了弯曲模量和硬度；同时填料能提高材料的磨损性能，但使摩擦因数升高了；当Ekonol含量较低时，磨损机制为粘着磨损，随着填料含量的增加，Ekonol分散到基体中，起到了承载作用，阻止了PTFE基体的带状破坏，磨损机制为疲劳磨损和轻微的粘着磨损；摩擦因数随载荷的增大而减小，随滑动速度的增大而增大，在相同的滑动时间内，磨痕宽度随载荷和滑动速度的增大而增大。     

Wear properties of Saffil/Al,Saffil/Al2O3/Al and Saffil/SiC/Al hybrid metal matrix composites

The purpose of this study is to investigate the wear properties of Saffil/Al, Saffil/Al₂O₃/Al and Saffil/SiC/Al hybrid metal matrix composites (MMCs) fabricated by squeeze casting method. Wear tests were done on a pin-on-disk friction and wear tester under both dry and lubricated conditions. The wear properties of the three composites were evaluated in many respects. The effects of Saffil fibers, Al₂O₃ particles and SiC particles on the wear behavior of the composites were elucidated. Wear mechanisms were analyzed by observing the worn surfaces of the composites. The variation of coefficient of friction (COF) during the wear process was recorded by using a computer. Under dry sliding condition, Saffil/SiC/Al showed the best wear resistance under high temperature and high load, while the wear resistances of Saffil/Al and Saffil/Al₂O₃/Al were very similar. Under dry sliding condition, the dominant wear mechanism was abrasive wear under mild load and room temperature, and the dominant wear mechanism changed to adhesive wear as load or temperature increased. Molten wear occurred at high temperature. Compared with the dry sliding condition, all three composites showed excellent wear resistance when lubricated by liquid paraffin. Under lubricated condition, Saffil/Al showed the best wear resistance among them, and its COF value was the smallest. The dominant wear mechanism of the composites under lubricated condition was microploughing, but microcracking also occurred to them to different extents.     

Effect of electrical current on the tribological behavior of the Cu-WS2-G composites in air and vacuum

As the traditional graphite-based composites cannot meet the requirement of rapid developing modern industry, novel sliding electrical contact materials with high self-lubricating performance in multiple environments are eagerly required. Herein a copper-based composite with WS2 and graphite as solid lubricant are fabricated by powder metallurgy hot-pressed method. The friction and wear behaviors of the composites with and without current are investigated under the condition with sliding velocity of 10 m/s and normal load of 2.5N/cm 2 in both air and vacuum. Morphologies of the worn surfaces are observed by optical microscope and compositions of the lubricating films are analyzed by XPS. Surface profile curves and roughness of the worn surfaces are obtained by 2205 surface profiler. The results of wear tests show that the friction coefficient and wear volume loss of the composites with current are greater than that without current in both air and vacuum due to the adverse effects of electrical current which damaged the lubricating film partially and roughed the worn surfaces. XPS results demonstrate that the lubricating film formed in air is composed of oxides of Cu, WS2 , elemental S and graphite, while the lubricating film formed in vacuum is composed of Cu, WS2 and graphite. Because of the synergetic lubricating action of oxides of Cu, WS2 and graphite, the composites show low friction coefficient and wear volume loss in air condition. Owing to the fact that graphite loses its lubricity which makes WS2 become the only lubricant, severe adhesive and abrasive wear occur and result in a high value of wear rate in vacuum condition. The formation of the lubricating film on the contact interface between the brush and ring is one of the factors which can greatly affect the wear performance of the brushes. The low contact voltage drop of the composites in vacuum condition is attributed to the high content of Cu in the surface film. This study fabricated a kind of new sliding electrical contact self-lubricating composite with dual-lubricant which can work well in both air and vacuum environments and provides a comprehensive analysis on the lubrication mechanisms of the composite.     

Dry-Sliding Tribological Properties of Bronze–Graphite Composites

Bronze-uncoated and nickel-coated graphite composites were fabricated by powder metallurgy route. The tribological behaviors of composites sliding against AISI52100 steel ball under dry sliding condition were studied using a ball-on-disk tribometer. The nickel-coated graphite composites showed much better tribological properties in comparison with bronze and uncoated graphite composite. The friction coefficient of nickel-coated graphite composites decreased with increasing nickel-coated graphite content. However, the specific wear rate increased with the increase in nickel-coated graphite. The composite containing 15?wt% nickel-coated graphite showed the best self-lubricating properties because the compacted and stable mechanical mixed layer was formed on the worn surfaces. The wear mechanism of bronze 663 is adhesive wear and abrasive wear. The uncoated nickel-coated graphite composite shows the adhesive wear and delamination characteristics. However, the wear mechanism of nickel-coated composites is mildly abrasive wear.     

Adhesive wear and frictional performance of bamboo fibres reinforced epoxy composite

The aim of the present work is to investigate the adhesive wear and frictional performance of BMBFRE composite. Adhesive wear performance of BMBFRE composite was found to be superior for AP-O. The frictional performance of BMBFRE composite was found to be greater at low sliding velocity for AP-O by 44% relative to the high sliding velocity. The temperature differential of BMBFRE composite for AP-O to the sliding direction gave lower interface temperatures of about 31.4% and 13.2% as compared to R-O and P-O. The predominant wear mechanisms for AP-O was back film transfer associated with the formation of fine grooves on the worn surfaces.     

The wear equation for unfilled and filled polyoxymethylene

The wear behavior of polyoxymethylene and 20% PTFE-filled polyoxymethylene sliding against a metallic surface was studied. An experimental set-up capable of measuring sliding friction and providing wear under variable conditions was designed and fabricated. The wear measurements were made with varying time, velocity and load. The friction measurements under lubricated and non-lubricated conditions showed that the interface adhesion was dominating the wear mechanism. This was also verified by the microscopic examination of the worn polymer surfaces. The wear data were fitted to an equation developed from dimensional analysis for adhesive wear. The equation is in terms of the sliding variables and material properties, such as the elastic modulus, surface energy, thermal conductivity and specific heat.     

Friction and wear behavior of pure carbon strip sliding against copper contact wire under AC passage at high speeds

A series of tests on the friction and wear behaviour of pure carbon strip/copper contact wire with alternating current were conducted on a ring-on-block sliding tester at a high speed. The electric current, normal force and sliding velocity have distinct effects on the test results. The worn scar has the smallest size without electric current. The worn scar becomes larger with increasing electric current. Arc ablation pits, dark stream-lines of arc ablation, slipping marks, spalling blocks and the copper-like layer are found on the worn surfaces. Arc erosion, abrasive wear and adhesive wear are main wear mechanisms.     

Comparative study of micro- and nano-ZnO reinforced UHMWPE composites under dry sliding wear

This is a comparative study between ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) reinforced with micro-zinc oxide (ZnO) and nano-ZnO under different filler loads. These composites were subjected to dry sliding wear test under abrasive conditions. The micro- and nano-ZnO/UHMWPE composites were prepared by using a hot compression mould. The wear and friction behaviours were monitored using a pin-on-disc (POD) test rig. The pin-shaped samples were slid against 400 grit SiC abrasive papers, which were pasted, on the stainless steel disc under dry sliding conditions. The worn surfaces and transfer film formed were observed under the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Experimental results showed that UHMWPE reinforced with micro- and nano-ZnO would improve the wear behaviour. The average coefficient of friction (COF) for both micro- and nano-ZnO/UHMWPE composites were comparable to pure UHMWPE. The weight loss due to wear for nano-ZnO/UHMWPE composites are lower compared to micro-ZnO/UHMWPE and pure UHMWPE. The optimum filler loading of nano-ZnO/UHMWPE composites is found to be at 10 wt%. The worn surface of ZnO/UHMWPE composites shows the wear mechanisms of abrasive and adhesive wear. Upon reinforcement with micro- and nano-ZnO, the abrasive and adhesive wear of worn surfaces transited from rough to smooth.     

Tribological Behavior of Ti3Al2.5V Alloy Sliding against EN-31 Steel under Dry Condition

This article aims to study the friction and wear behavior of Ti3Al2.5V alloy sliding against EN-31 steel under dry condition using a multi-tribotester. The effect of variation in load and sliding velocity on wear rate, average coefficient of friction, and contact temperature has been studied and analysis of wear debris has been carried out. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were employed to study the morphology of the wear tracks and deduce microchemical information at the elemental level of worn samples, respectively. Results reveal that the wear rate of Ti-3Al-2.5V increases with increasing sliding velocity and increasing normal load with few exceptions. The average coefficient of friction decreases as the normal load increases with exceptions at some loads. SEM micrographs of worn samples obtained at different loads and sliding velocities show the formation of wear tracks on the surface due to ploughing and flaking of the matrix. The main mechanism responsible for wear of Ti3Al2.5V alloy sample is rupture of the matrix and abrasion. Wear debris analysis shows irregular-shaped wear particles with very sharp edges that appeared to be plastically deformed at high sliding velocity, whereas the wear debris is very loose and fine at lowest sliding velocity.     

Friction and dry sliding wear behavior of carbon and glass fabric reinforced vinyl ester composites

Friction and dry sliding wear behavior of glass and carbon fabric reinforced vinyl ester composites have been presented. The results show that the coefficient of friction and wear rate increased with increase in load/sliding velocity and depends on type of fabric reinforcement and temperature at the interphase. The excellent tribological characteristics were obtained with carbon fiber in vinyl ester. It is believed that a thin film formed on counterface was seems to be effective in improving the tribological characteristics. The worn surfaces examined through SEM, showed higher levels of broken glass fiber in vinyl ester compared to carbon-vinyl ester composites.     

The Study of Arc Rate,Friction, and Wear Performance of C/C Composites in Pantograph–Catenary System

A series of tests on arc rate, friction coefficient, and wear rate of electrical current collectors sliding against overhead contact wires under different conditions was carried out on a high-speed friction and wear testing machine with a pin-on-disc configuration. The worn surface morphology and composition were examined using a scanning electron microscope and energy dispersion spectrum analyzer, respectively. The effects of current, velocity, and load on the arc rate, friction coefficient, and wear rate of C/C composites/QCr0.5 couples were investigated, and the influence mechanism of test parameters on C/C composites was explained. It is concluded that the wear rate increases with an increase in current and velocity and has a decreasing trend with the increase in load. The friction coefficient increases with an increase in velocity and load. The arc rate of C/C composites/QCr0.5 couples increases with an increase in current and velocity. Under the condition of the same current and velocity, when the load is 70 N, the arc rate is the lowest.