125 MW煤粉炉内分级燃烧的数值模拟

对125 MW煤粉炉内两种工况的分级燃烧进行了数值模拟,得到了炉内温度、速度分布以及NOx,CO,CO2等气相组分浓度分布.结果表明,随二次风率降低、燃尽风率的增加,炉内最高温度降低,炉内高温区上移,NOx浓度降低;整个炉膛内部湍流强度都比较强烈;炉内CO和CO2浓度分布及速度分布与实际燃烧状况能较好吻合,可为低NOx燃烧技术和锅炉改造提供指导.     

强旋湍流气-固两相流动和煤粉燃烧数学模型及其在涡旋燃烧炉的应用(Ⅱ)——应用

应用本文(Ⅰ)报建立和发展的二维强旋湍流气-固两相流动和煤粉燃烧的数学模型、对新型燃煤涡旋燃烧炉内的冷态流动、气体燃烧和煤粉燃烧进行了系统的数值模拟,得到了与冷、热态实验数据基本相符合的结果,揭示了炉内流动、传热和燃烧的基本性质和特点。     

强旋湍流气-固两相流动和煤粉燃烧数学模型及其在涡旋燃烧炉的应用(Ⅱ)——应用

应用本文(Ⅰ)报建立和发展的二维强旋湍流气-固两相流动和煤粉燃烧的数学模型、对新型燃煤涡旋燃烧炉内的冷态流动、气体燃烧和煤粉燃烧进行了系统的数值模拟,得到了与冷、热态实验数据基本相符合的结果,揭示了炉内流动、传热和燃烧的基本性质和特点。     

水泥炉窑烟气脱硝数值模拟与优化设计#br#

采用k-ε湍流流动模型,对2500 t/d熟料生产线的TDF炉燃烧过程、喷氨方案及不同方案的脱硝反应进行了数值模拟。结果表明,煤粉燃烧的流场分布与实际基本吻合,分解炉内悬浮态的钙粉颗粒物有利于强化氨水的分散,氨水流量越大,喷射点可以保证的停留时间越长,60°的喷射角,都有利于NOx的脱除。用模拟出来的参数指导工程设计,各项指标优于设计指标,虽然不能实施全方位的比对,但是,对将数值模拟技术应用于水泥脱硝工程设计进行了有益探索和经验总结。     

煤粉锅炉高效低NOx局部富氧燃烧技术模拟研究

针对某公司150 t/h煤粉锅炉燃烧效率低、NOx排放浓度高、炉膛结焦等问题,提出了用富氧风作为炉顶燃尽风和贴壁风的分级燃烧新思路,采用计算机数值模拟技术和k-e- -g气相湍流燃烧模型及煤双挥发反应热解模型,对锅炉炉内速度场、温度场及燃烧过程中的NOx生成浓度进行数值模拟. 技术改造后锅炉的燃烧效率保持在96%以上,锅炉综合热效率在91.40%以上,NOx排放量为625~763 mg/m3,未发现炉膛水冷壁和高温过热器上有结渣现象.     

超细煤粉NOx和SO2排放特性与燃烧特性

将合山煤分别制成常规粒度的煤粉与超细化煤粉 .在单只水平直流燃烧器燃烧室内进行了常规煤粉与超细化煤粉的燃烧特性、空气分级燃烧NOx 排放特性、炉内喷钙对超细化煤粉与常规煤粉燃烧SO2 排放特性的影响的燃烧试验研究 .试验研究表明 ,超细化煤粉与常规煤粉比较 ,着火提前 ,着火稳定性好 ,燃尽效果好 ;分级燃烧对超细煤粉的NOx 排放量的降低效果更显著 ;在Ca/S摩尔比相同的条件下 ,超细化煤粉的固硫特性明显优于常规煤粉 .     

三次风单、双进入分解炉对NOx影响的数值模拟研究

以计算流体动力学为基础,采用Fluent数值模拟方法分别对三次风单、双进入分解炉炉内流场、温度场及NOx浓度场进行了模拟研究。研究结果表明,双进风时三次风形成的双旋流效应使生料对煤粉的包覆导致煤粉延迟燃烧使得鹅颈管处出现相对高温区。综合分析可知双进风炉内NOx的分布均高于单进风情况,且在锥体部分尤为明显。     

循环流化床锅炉数值模拟研究进展

对国内外研究者在CFB锅炉气固流动特性、炉内燃烧及污染物排放特性等不同实际问题开展的数值模拟研究进行了总结,主要对气固两相流、传热、煤颗粒燃烧和S、N污染物生成与控制几个部分的数值模型进行归纳整理,并将各部分模型与煤粉锅炉数值模型进行了比较。此外,从锅炉冷态数值模拟时的气固流动特性和热态数值模拟时的燃烧和污染物排放特性几个方面,对数值模拟在CFB锅炉结构和运行分析优化等方面的应用进行总结分析。CFB锅炉数值模拟研究从气固流动研究发展到传热、燃烧、污染物预测研究,在一些传热模型和燃烧机理模型等方面仍不够完善但在不断发展改进,未来数值模拟在燃料燃烧和污染物排放预测等研究中会有广阔的应用前景。     

强旋湍流气-固两相流动和煤粉燃烧数学模型及其在涡旋燃烧炉的应用(Ⅰ)——模型

结合新型燃煤涡旋燃烧炉的研制和冷、热态实验,建立并发展了二维强旋湍流气固两相流动和煤粉燃烧的数学模型,以此作为对涡旋燃烧炉内多相流动。传热和燃烧过程进行数值模拟和分析的基础。     

强旋湍流气-固两相流动和煤粉燃烧数学模型及其在涡旋燃烧炉的应用(Ⅰ)——模型

结合新型燃煤涡旋燃烧炉的研制和冷、热态实验,建立并发展了二维强旋湍流气固两相流动和煤粉燃烧的数学模型,以此作为对涡旋燃烧炉内多相流动。传热和燃烧过程进行数值模拟和分析的基础。     

煤粉无焰富氧燃烧的数值模拟方法进展

无焰富氧燃烧是煤粉清洁燃烧技术的前沿发展方向之一,可在捕集高浓度CO₂的同时显著降低NOx排放,并提升富氧燃烧稳定性和热力性能。计算流体力学(CFD)作为燃烧研究的重要手段之一,具有快捷、成本低和数据丰富等优点,有效促进了无焰富氧燃烧技术发展。基于笔者团队对煤粉富氧燃烧和无焰燃烧的多年研究积累,对近十几年来煤粉无焰富氧燃烧CFD模拟方法和模拟研究进展进行了总结:首先强调了煤粉无焰燃烧的试验和数学定义,其由于存在非均相反应而区别于气体燃料无焰燃烧;然后详述了煤粉无焰富氧燃烧CFD模拟方法进展,包括模拟流动、传热、燃烧和污染物生成方面的子模型和机理,其中考虑强烈烟气卷吸的可实现k-ε湍流模型、P1或DO辐射模型及针对富氧气氛修正的WSGG气体辐射模型、CPD挥发分析出模型、考虑湍流与化学反应交互的有限速率EDC均相燃烧模型、针对无焰及富氧燃烧开发验证的均相反应机理、考虑气化反应的多步表面焦炭非均相燃尽模型、含氮化学详细反应机理氮转化模拟、动态自适应反应机理加速算法等可显著提高煤粉无焰富氧燃烧的模拟精度和计算效率。总结了煤粉无焰富氧燃烧在基准对照试验、微观反应区域分析、宏观反应特征、污染物生成及大型化锅炉概念设计方面的模拟研究情况;最后以大涡模拟、燃烧模型、高精度反应机理及动态自适应反应机理、工业应用优化等角度展望了煤粉无焰富氧燃烧CFD研究的发展方向。     

Pulverized coal combustion characteristics of high-fuel-ratio coals

It is strongly desired for coal-fired power plants in Japan to utilize not only low-rank coals with high moisture and high ash contents, but also high-rank coals with high fuel ratio for diversifying fuel sources and lowering cost. In this study, pulverized coal combustion characteristics of high-fuel-ratio coals are experimentally investigated using an approximately 100 kg-coal/h pulverized coal combustion test furnace. The combustion characteristics are compared to those for bituminous coal. The coals tested are six kinds of coal with fuel ratios ranging from 1.46 to 7.10. The results show that under the non-staged combustion condition, the minimum burner load for stable combustion rises as fuel ratio increases. To improve the stability, it is effective to lengthen the residence time of coal particles in the high gas temperature region close to the burner outlet by using a recirculation flow. The conversion ratio of fuel nitrogen to NOx and unburned carbon fraction increases with increasing the fuel ratio. In addition, as the fuel ratio increases, NOx reduction owing to the staged combustion becomes small, and unburned carbon fraction increment becomes significant. The numerical simulations conducted under the staged combustion condition show that although the numerical results are in general agreement with the experimental ones, there remains room for improvement in NOx reduction model for high-fuel-ratio coals.     

回转窑二次风富氧燃烧的数值模拟

针对一实际尺寸的回转窑建立模型，分别进行了空气助燃(21% O2)和二次风富氧(23% O2)燃烧的数值模拟研究。结果表明，二次风富氧后，高温区覆盖形状没有明显变化，仍呈“棒槌状”；在回转窑前端，煤粉挥发分与焦炭燃烧速度加快，整体温度有所提升，最高温度由2386 K增至2427 K，壁面所接收的辐射量得到了提升；但NOx的生成量也大幅度提高，其中出口处NOx由247 mg/m3增至367 mg/m3。考虑到制氧成本问题及NOx排放问题，在二次风中进行富氧燃烧的总体效果不够理想。     

Large-eddy simulation of coal combustion in 15 MW pilot-scale boiler-simulation facility

High-fidelity modeling provides a useful approach to investigate the multiscale multiphysics mechanism in the pulverized coal combustion. This research focuses on understanding the pulverized coal combustion in a pilot-up facility: General electric (GE) 15 MW pilot-scale boiler simulation facility (BSF). The heat flux to the boiler water wall, O₂ concentration, and gas temperature are the quality of interest (QoI's) for this research, as they are the most important parameters for designing a full-scale pulverized coal boiler. Even the heat flux in boiler is largely determined by the heat transfer mechanism, and other detailed multiphysics mechanisms, including multiphase turbulent flow, radiation heat transfer, ash deposition, coal devolatilization, and oxidation, also need to be accounted. This work applies large-eddy simulation (LES) code on high-performance computing facility to simulate pulverized coal combustion in BSF. The physics-based submodel that contains the significant sensitivity for QoI's has been identified using the detailed impact factor analysis on this high-fidelity modeling. Results indicate that the most sensitive submodel on QoI's is the wall-heat-transfer coupling with the ash-deposition model, which allows us to prioritize to improve this submodel in the LES simulation. Thus, ash deposition and wall-heat-transfer processes have been modeled and integrated into coal combustion numerical simulation. The simulation results show quantitative agreement between the simulation with experimental data regarding gas temperature, O₂ concentration, and heat-flux profile across the exposed boiler walls. Another implication of this research is to demonstrate a positive societal impact of extreme computing and accelerate the development of new combustion technology using a capable exascale computing technique.     

新型液排渣燃烧器内燃烧特性的数值模拟

通过数值模拟的方式,研究了新型液排渣燃烧器在不同过量空气系数下的速度、温度以及组分浓度的分布情况.结果表明,在较小的过量空气系数(α=0.7,0.8)时,煤的燃尽情况较差;α≥1.0时,煤粉燃烧更完全,但却不利于氮氧化物的控制.采用分级燃烧的方式,控制燃烧器内为欠氧燃烧(取α=0.9)以降低局部氧浓度,既能达到液态排渣要求,又可抑制NOx的生成,并在高温烟气进入炉膛降温之后再补充燃尽风,使得可燃成分在炉膛内再次燃烧,提高燃尽率.通过模拟与实验相结合的方式,对燃烧器进行三种不同负荷下的热态实验研究,该燃烧器负荷适应性好,模拟结果与实验结果相吻合.     

Numerical modelling and simulation of pulverized solid‐fuel combustion in swirl burners

A finite‐volume numerical model for computer simulation of pulverized solid‐fuel combustion in furnaces with axisymmetric‐geometry swirl burner is presented. The simulation model is based on the k ? ε single phase turbulence model, considering the presence of the dispersed solid phase via additional source terms in the gas phase equations. The dispersed phase is treated by the particle source in cell (PSIC) method. Solid fuel particle devolatilization, homogenous and heterogeneous chemical reaction processes are modelled via a global combustion model. The radiative heat transfer equation is also resolved using the finite volume method. The numerical simulation code is validated by comparing computational and experimental results of pulverized coal in an experimental furnace equipped with a swirl burner. It is shown that the developed numerical code can successfully predict the flow field and flame structure including swirl effects and can therefore be used for the design and optimization of pulverized solid‐fuel swirl burners.