应用临床路径对髋关节置换术患者实行健康教育的效果观察

目的:观察应用临床路径对髋关节置换术患者进行健康教育的效果.方法:将42例髋关节置换术患者随机分为对照组(19例)和实验组(23例).对照组接受常规健康教育,实验组按照临床路径进行健康教育.结果:实验组的掌握相关知识和技能的比率、健康教育达标率及对护士的满意度均明显高于对照组,实验组的平均住院时间为(19.2±3.3)d,则明显短于对照组的(14.3±1.2)d,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01或<0.05).结论:应用临床路径对髋关节置换患者进行健康教育可提高健康教育质效.     

努力工作把握机会创造价值掌握人生

1998年7月大学毕业时,当接我们到单位的汽车把我们拉得越来越远离城市时:当我面对喧嚣的机器、睁不开眼睛的灰尘时;当我手拿铁锹去掀高炉炉前渣沟的炉渣时:当我在帮师傅干活时.被别人无意用铁水烧伤我的脚时……我也曾对自己的未来迷茫过,不知自己的前途在何方.     

废水循环利用技术在电解锰生产中的实践应用

湿法冶炼电解金属锰生产过程中,需要使用大量的水进行冷却、冲氨、清洗等,水资源消耗量大,同时产生大量的工业废水,对环境保护造成极大的压力。对中信大锰矿业有限责任公司大新电解金属锰厂采用“零排放”废水处理工艺作了介绍,对工业废水实行源头控制、分类处理、循环使用,废水的处理取得了一定效果。     

Strategies to target kyotorphin analogues to the brain

The design, synthesis, and pharmacological evaluation of brain-targeted chemical delivery systems (CDS) for a kyotorphin analogue (Tyr-Lys) are described. The brain-targeted compound contains the active peptide in a packaged, disguised form, flanked between the lipophilic cholesteryl ester on the C-terminus and the 1, 4-dihydrotrigonellyl redox targetor, attached to the N-terminus through strategically selected L-amino acid(s) spacer. It was found that for successful brain targeting, the epsilon-amine of Lys needs to be also converted to a lipophilic function. Through sequential enzymatic bioactivation, the Tyr-Lys dipeptide is released in a sustained manner, producing significant and prolonged analgesic activity as demonstrated by the rat tail latency test. An alternate strategy was also employed. Lys was replaced by a redox amino acid pair, Nys+ left and right arrow Nys, the nicotinamide left and right arrow 1,4-dihydronicotinamide analogues of Lys (Nys+ is 2-amino-6-(3-carbamoyl-1-pyridiniumyl)hexanoic acid). The Nys form is lipophilic and facilitates delivery in addition to the C- and N-terminal lipophilic functions. Enzymatic oxidation to Nys+ provides the lock-in, followed by removal of the lipophilic groups, releasing Tyr-Nys+ from the brain-targeted analogue (BTRA). Nys+ was shown to be an effective substitution for Arg or Lys. The activities of the CDS and BTRA, respectively, were antagonized by naloxone, supporting the designed brain-targeted processes. The most potent compound is the two-proline spacer containing CDS (CDS-PP), followed by the BTRA.     

Second-order correction to the Bigeleisen-Mayer equation due to the nuclear field shift

The nuclear field shift affects the electronic, rotational, and vibrational energies of polyatomic molecules. The theory of the shifts in molecular spectra has been studied by Schlembach and Tiemann [Schlembach, J. & Tiemann, E. (1982) Chem. Phys. 68, 21]; measurements of the electronic and rotational shifts of the diatomic halides of Pb and Tl have been made by Tiemann et al. [Tiemann, E., Kn?ckel, H. & Schlembach, J. (1982) Ber. Bunsenges. Phys. Chem. 86, 821]. These authors have estimated the relative shifts in the harmonic frequencies of these compounds due to the nuclear field shift to be of the order of 10(-6). I have used this estimate of the relative shift in vibrational frequency to calculate the correction to the harmonic oscillator approximation to the isotopic reduced partition-function ratio (208)Pb(32)S/(207)Pb(32)S. The correction is 0.3% of the harmonic oscillator value at 300 K. In the absence of compelling evidence to the contrary, it suffices to calculate the nuclear field effect on the total isotopic partition-function ratio from its shift of the electronic zero point energy and the unperturbed molecular vibration.     

A selective approach to the management of gunshot wounds to the back

PURPOSE: To study corneal changes after endocapsular phacoemulsification cataract extraction and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation with a 3.5 mm clear corneal sutureless incision or a 5.0 mm clear corneal incision with an absorbable suture. SETTING: Northwest Kansas Eye Clinic, Hays, Kansas, USA. METHODS: In a prospective study, 200 eyes were randomly distributed into two groups. Group A comprised 100 eyes that had a silicone IOL inserted through a 3.5 mm sutureless clear corneal incision. Group B comprised 100 eyes that had a 5.0 mm poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) IOL inserted through a 5.0 mm clear corneal incision; one half of the closures used a single radial suture (Group B1), and the other half, an X suture (Group B2). Preoperatively, corneal topography and corneal endothelial cell counts were performed. Six to 8 months postoperatively, they were repeated and evaluated. Differential topography was used to determine the difference between the preoperative and postoperative corneas. During the final postoperative visit, IOL centration was evaluated. RESULTS: All closures produced only minimal changes in the corneal topographic indices. The postoperative corneas closely resembled the preoperative corneas. Polar K values showed a slight astigmatic shift in all groups. Group B2 was the only one to exhibit a with-the-rule shift. The change in endothelial cell counts was minimal and comparable in all three groups. CONCLUSION: The small amount of change in the corneal indices, especially in surface regularity, indicates that all corneas were relatively comparable and stable 6 to 9 months postoperatively regardless of the type of incision and closure method.     

如何评估负债率对经济效益的影响

企业的负债率高低,与企业的总体经济效益无关,从企业经济效益与法人效益,业主效益和总体效益的关系入手,分析把降低负债率作为提高经济效益的错误看法和降低低债务作为手段的债转股,高价配股、增发新股等盲目追求股权融资的非理性财务行为,并对如何正确评价负债率与业主效益影响进行探讨。     

Tolerance to lipopolysaccharide is not related to the ability of the hypothalamus to produce prostaglandin E2

The effects of repeated administration of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on body temperature and hypothalamic prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production was examined in male Sprague-Dawley rats to elucidate whether the development of endotoxin tolerance is related to the ability of the hypothalamus to produce PGE2. Initial injection of LPS resulted in hyperthermia, preceded by short-termed hypothermia, while no changes in body temperature were observed after the second injection (administered 48 h later). In contrast, LPS induced elevation in hypothalamic PGE2 production after both the first and second injections of the pyrogen. This led us to conclude that endotoxin tolerance is independent of the hypothalamic production of PGE2 in response to repeated administration of LPS.     

34例手指离断再植术的手术护理配合

近年来为缩短再植手术的手术时间,减少血管危象的发生,提高成功率.我科护理人员认真学习相关理论知识,总结手术医师常规操作程序及个别大夫习惯性技术操作方法,在术前准备和术中配合中,有预见性的配合医生操作,保证了手术的顺利完成,取得了满意效果.     

Letter to the editor

Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics -