钢铁生产能耗评估指标分析

系统分析了吨钢综合能耗、吨钢可比能耗及工序能耗等指标的计算方法和主要特点,重点阐述了其中的不可比因素及存在的弊端。根据能源的精细化管理需求,提出了以吨材能耗、修正工序能耗、重要耗能单元能耗以及能耗影响关键因子为核心的层次化能耗指标体系,可解决传统综合能耗指标因产品结构差异和以中间产品为计算单元导致的不可比。同时,将原料和产品的有效载能量纳入工序能耗的计算,使修正工序能耗指标更加科学合理,并将指标细化,有利于能耗评估的精细化,也为企业挖掘节能潜力、探寻低能效生产环节提供了参考。     

钢铁企业能耗分析及节能对策研究

分析了我国钢铁工业和大中型钢铁企业能耗现状及与先进产钢国家能耗的差距,重点剖析了能耗指标的构成、影响因素及节能潜力.通过分析并结合企业实际,提出了流程优化、余热余能回收及能源管理等节能对策,分析了管理节能和技术节能对企业能耗指标的影响.     

八钢能耗指标创历史最优

正截至4月底,宝钢集团新疆八一钢铁有限公司当月吨钢综合能耗、综合电耗、综合耗新水及万元产值能耗、吨钢能源成本指标均创下历史最优。此外,铁前、炼钢、轧钢等全产线的能耗指标也在4月份显著优化,大多数产线的能耗指标相比预算都实现了10%至25%不等的降幅。八钢各项能耗指标大幅降低,一方面是因为八钢近年来积极践行"绿水青山就是金山银山"理念,     

谈能源利用评价办法

钢铁企业多年来形成了完整的钢铁能源消耗指标体系,包括吨钢综合能耗、吨钢可比能耗、万元产值能耗等综合性指标和工序能耗、实物单耗等单项指标.这些指标系统性强、设计合理,反映了能源的实际消耗情况.但国内各企业的工艺装备水平、工艺结构、生产规模不同,企业之间难以比较;吨钢综合能耗与国外的计算口径不同,与国外钢铁企业更难以比较.     

轧钢工序能耗浅析及节能途径

通过示例分析了轧钢工序能耗中各主要能耗指标的相关关系，并指出了节能降耗途径。     

锻造加热炉锻件可比单位能耗计算

可比单位能耗是衡量炉子热效率的一个重要指标。为了对比锻造行业不同企业锻造炉的能耗指标,在《ZB J01 003-87锻造加热炉能耗分等》标准可比单位能耗计算公式中,引入了燃料系数、炉型系数、锻件复杂系数和材料系数。企业可以根据具体情况,简化计算公式并运用计算机,取代繁琐重复的人工运算。本文介绍了汽车模锻件厂一个计算特例。 1.锻件可比单位能耗计算公式原型《锻造加热炉能耗分等》标准中规定计     

钢铁工业节能先进技术应用发展情况综述

“十一五”期间,钢铁工业在粗钢产量快速增长的同时大力推进节能减排工作,能耗指标得到明显改善。根据中国钢铁工业协会的统计,“十一五”末和“十五”末相比,有能源指标统计的钢铁企业吨钢综合能耗下降12．9％,实现节能总量4600万吨标煤,万元增加值能耗下降23．2％．有利保证了国家“十一五”提出的GDP能耗下降20％目标的实现。     

关于杭钢吨钢能耗指标的剖析和探讨

从吨钢能耗的定义和计算方法入手，通过对杭钢200l年吨钢能耗指标的剖析，回答了为什么杭钢吨钢综合能耗低于吨钢可比能耗的问题，并从理论上阐明了吨钢综合能耗低于吨钢可比能耗的客观规律。     

轧钢工序能耗浅析及节能途径

通过示例分析了轧钢工序能耗中各主要能耗指标的相关关系，并指出了节能降耗途径。     

武钢炼铁工序节能降耗分析

对武钢近10年来的炼铁工序能耗状况进行了分析,武钢炼铁工序能耗由1991年的502.9 kg标煤/t下降到了2000年的452.4 kg标煤/t,并探析了炼铁工序能耗指标不断改善的原因,指出了今后节能降耗的方向。     

Appraisal of modern mini mills

The technological, economic, and energy indices of high-technology modern metallurgical plants are analyzed.     

艾萨炉生产指标优化探讨

介绍了艾萨炉炉寿、作业率以及能耗的情况,分析探讨了以上指标的优化措施。     

Energetics of steelmaking processes

The basic energy indices of steelmaking processes, namely, the consumption of energy carriers, the total energy intensity, the full energy efficiency of a process, and the amount carbon dioxide released in atmosphere, are considered. The energy, ecology, and economic efficiencies of the processes are quantitatively analyzed for various alternative energy carriers during steelmaking in an ASF. The problem of sustainable development of an object in the environment is analyzed in relation to its main three parameters, namely, economics, energetics, and ecology.     

首钢烧结节能的实践

为降低烧结能耗，首钢炼铁厂近年来采取了低碳厚料层操作、回收利用含碳工业散料、采用节能型点火器、调整冷烧比等一系列措施，2002年，烧结工序能耗实现52．7kgce／t，取得了良好的效果。     

宝钢炼铁节能降耗的生产实践与展望

投产以来,炼铁厂在注重单体设备节能的同时,充分发挥余能余热回收装置的作用,大力推进系统节能,在引进、消化的基础上开发节能新技术,节能降耗工作成效显著.2001年5月份,炼铁厂3个主要工序的能耗实绩为高炉工序11684,4 MJ/t,烧结工序1 683.1 MJ/t,炼焦工序(含煤气精制)3 744.6 MJ/t.     

Effect of the energy and technological parameters on the technical-and-economic indices of DSP-150 furnaces during melting of scrap and pellets: II. Effect of the metallic charge composition and the bath temperature on the technical- and-economic indices of electric furnaces

The energy and technological conditions of operation of DSP-150 electric furnaces are studied during melting of scrap and prereduced pellets in order to reveal the reserves of decreasing the energy consumed for the production of electric furnace steel. The influence of heating of a metallic charge, the relation between scrap and pellets in a metallic charge, and the bath temperature conditions on the technical-and-economic indices of electric furnaces is revealed.     

Development and characterization of a purified diet to identify obesity-susceptible and resistant rat populations

A purified moderately high fat diet has been developed to examine diet-induced obesity in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed this or an AIN-76A diet for 15 wk and energy metabolism indices were monitored. Food intake, body weight and water balance indices were recorded on a weekly or daily basis. Over the 15-wk period, rats fed the experimental diet diverged into two groups differing in the rate of body weight gain. Animals were labeled as "gainers" or "resisters" depending on their susceptibility to obesity. Following the dietary period, rats were decapitated and trunk blood was collected for glucose and insulin measurements. Gainers consumed slightly more energy than resisters over the experimental period (P < 0.05), but due to greater fecal energy loss, absorbed energy did not differ. Hence gainers became obese without significantly altered energy retention. Urinary creatinine, urea nitrogen and water balance were not different between the groups and consequently could not explain body weight differences. Further, gainers had significantly greater plasma glucose concentration than controls, indicating a potential for these animals to become diabetic. Results suggest metabolic differences must account for the divergence in weight gain observed in the two groups. The dietary model characterized in this study should provide a useful tool to study diet-induced obesity and to determine its underlying mechanism.     

Increase in the efficiency of induction heating during heat treatment of wires

The energy indices of the equipment for induction heat treatment of several bundled wires are studied by a model simulation. The minimum current frequency that ensures an efficiency of 70% upon heating of wires of various diameters is determined.     

Development of the process of electric steel production and methods for improving the technical-and-economic indices of electric arc furnaces

The structure of the metal losses during melting of a low-carbon semiproduct in EAF is analyzed. It is shown that a further increase in the capacity of a modern superpower EAF can degrade the technical-and-economic indices of its operation. The increase in the metal losses in melting in EAF is caused by a high oxygen flow rate and a number of other technological factors. The rational methods of increasing the technical-and-economic indices of EAF are a decrease in the metal losses in melting and processing of the semiproduct, a decrease in the primary energy consumption, and the recycling of dust and waste slags.     

Comparative analysis of the informational merits of ergometric and functional indicators of work capacity

Informational merits of ergometric and routine functional indices (MPK, anaerobic threshold--AT, PWC170) were compared by testing performance of 20 young males with high levels of fitness. Criterion for work ability was maximum time of rowing ergometer with incremental loading and two tests with permanent load in the regions of submaximum (about 7 W/kg) and high (about 4 W/kg) loading. Ergometric indices, i.e. individual limits of relative power, were calculated from Muller's equation tlim = eb x W-a. Before, during, and after 5-20 minutes of test session gas exchange, pulse rate, and blood lactate were measured to calculate MPK, AT and PWC170, and oxygen demand fraction. Ergometric indices were found to be no less informative in evaluation of work ability than the common indices involving determination of gas exchange, PR and lactate. Ergometric and functional indices showed high correlation. It was stated that none of the indices can be equally informative regarding all types of work ability testing. Application of two-increment test and subsequent calculation using Muller's equation allows to get around the principle of uncertainty according to which none of the test can be at one and the same time used to assess power and capacity of energy systems of the skeletal muscles. Besides, ergometric tests provide reliable enough characteristics of work ability without resort to expensive and bulky equipment.