陶瓷-玻璃-单晶硅的阳极键合工艺性研究

首先采用射频磁控溅射法在ZrO2陶瓷基体上沉积一层钠硼硅酸盐玻璃，并通过该钠硼硅酸盐玻璃薄膜作为中间层利用阳极键合方法实现了ZrO2陶瓷与单晶硅的间接连接。     

Nanotribology of Si oxide layers on Si by atomic force microscopy

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been used for tribological studies of Si surfaces covered by oxide layers of various kinds: chemical oxides prepared by the SC1 (NH4OH/H2O2/H2O) and the SC2 (HCl/H2O2/H2O) treatments and a thermal oxide. In the case of the SC1 chemical oxide, the oxide layer was scratched and the underlying Si substrate was ploughed by the Si3N4 AFM tip. On the other hand, no wear of the sample was noted on the other surfaces: the AFM often produced elevated patterns in the shape of the scanned area, which were no longer visible after HF etching. By annealing the SC1-treated surface in N2 gas at above 200 degrees C for 30 min, the oxide layer could not be scratched any more. By soaking the thermal oxide in KOH, the oxide layer was then scratched. It is concluded that the presence of OH bases is the necessary condition for the nano-scratching of the oxide layers.     

4种仿生材料的红外光谱特征

根据文献和我们的研究工作,归纳总结了铁的（氧）氢氧化物、碳酸钙、二氧化硅、羟基磷灰石4种仿生材料的红外光谱特征。结论：傅里叶变换红外光谱可以直观、快速、准确地鉴别仿生材料。     

Characterisation,by the PIXE Method,of Trace Elements During Physicochemical Reactions at the Periphery of Bioactive Glass Pastilles in Contact with Biological Fluids

Abstract

The prerequisite for bioactive glasses to bond to living bone is the formation of biologically active apatites on their surface in the body. Reactions and bioactivity mechanisms between bioactive glasses and bone depend on the glass composition. We study a glass in the SiO₂‐Na₂O‐CaO‐P₂O₅‐K₂O‐Al₂O₃‐MgO system. To characterise physicochemical reactions at the materials periphery, we immersed the glass pastilles into biological fluids for periods of 5, 10, and 20 days. The surface changes were studied at the micrometer scale by a Particle Induced X‐ray Emission (PIXE) method associated with Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy (RBS). After 20 days of immersion, elemental maps showed the formation of a calcium‐phosphate layer at the surface of the glass pastilles. The thickness of this layer was around 15 µm. Thanks to the PIXE method, we demonstrated the presence of traces of Mg in this layer. The glass doped with MgO leads to the formation of an apatite which incorporates magnesium. Formation of this Ca‐P‐Mg layer represents the bioactive properties of the studied glass. This biologically active layer improves the properties of the glass and will permit a chemical bond between the ceramic and bone.     

Molecular and negative ion production by a standard electron cyclotron resonance ion source

Molecular and negative ion beams, usually produced in special ion sources, play an increasingly important role in fundamental and applied atomic physics. The ATOMKI-ECRIS is a standard ECR ion source, designed to provide highly charged ion (HCI) plasmas and beams. In the present work, H(-), O(-), OH(-), O(2)(-), C(-), C(60)(-) negative ions and H(2)(+), H(3)(+), OH(+), H(2)O(+), H(3)O(+), O(2)(+) positive molecular ions were generated in this HCI-ECRIS. Without any major modification in the source and without any commonly applied tricks (such as usage of cesium or magnetic filter), negative ion beams of several μA and positive molecular ion beams in the mA range were successfully obtained.     

电解液中Na2CO3/C6H12O6对AZ31镁合金阳极氧化膜结构与耐腐蚀性能的影响

在添加不同含量Na2CO3和C6H12O6的NaOH-Na2SiO3-Na2B4O7基础电解液中,对AZ31镁合金进行直流阳极氧化处理,研究了镁合金阳极氧化膜的微观结构以及在中性盐雾中的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明:镁合金阳极氧化膜主要由MgO相和Mg2SiO4相组成;电解液中添加Na2CO3和C6H12O6后,阳极氧化膜表面微孔分布均匀且尺寸减小,阳极氧化膜厚度增加;当Na2CO3质量浓度由10g·L^-1增加到30g·L^-1时,微孔尺寸增大,氧化膜厚度减小;当C6H12O6质量浓度由5g·L^-1增加到15g·L^-1时,微孔尺寸减小,阳极氧化膜厚度增加;镁合金阳极氧化膜的主要腐蚀形式为点蚀,呈河流状花样分布;电解液中添加10g·L^-1 Na2CO3时,阳极氧化膜表面微孔最细小,孔径为1~3μm,阳极氧化膜厚度达16μm,阳极氧化膜具有较好的耐腐蚀性能。     

[Si(Al)O_4]四面体聚合度对Na~+固化性能的影响

运用核磁共振分析手段(NMR),采用结构分析的方法研究了赤泥基胶凝材料的水化过程,探讨了[Si(Al)O4]四面体聚合度对Na+固化性能的影响.结果表明:当原料中硅以SiQ0、SiQ1等低聚合度形式存在时,由于低聚合度的[Si(Al)O4]四面体易在早期发生解聚,并在富含Ca2+的溶液中发生反应生成钙硅比较高的C-S-H凝胶,这不利于Na+的固化;当硅主要以SiQ2、SiQ3等中聚合度形式存在时,由于水化后期[Si(Al)O4]四面体的逐渐解聚和铝对硅的取代作用,促进了低钙硅比的(Na,Al)-C-S-H凝胶的生成,改善了Na+的固化性能;而在硅主要以SiQ4高聚合度形式存在时,又不利于Na+固化.     

Characterization of lead zirconate titanate--lanthanum ruthenate thin film structures prepared by chemical solution deposition

In this work, the results of compositional and microstructural analysis of lead zirconate titanate--lanthanum ruthenate thin film structures prepared by chemical solution deposition are discussed. The cross-section transmission electron microscope (TEM) micrographs of the La-Ru-O film deposited on a SiO2/Si substrate and annealed at 700 degrees C revealed RuO2 crystals embedded in a glassy silicate matrix. When the La-Ru-O film was deposited on a Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si substrate, RuO2 and La4Ru6O19 crystallized after annealing at 700 degrees C. After firing at 550 degrees C randomly oriented lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin films crystallized on the La-Ru-O/SiO2/Si substrate, while on La-Ru-O/Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si substrates PZT thin films with (111) preferred orientation were obtained. No diffusion of the Ru atoms in the PZT film was found. Ferroelectric response of PZT thin films on these substrates is shown in comparison with the PZT film deposited directly on the Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si substrate without a La-Ru-O layer.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备碳纳米管/SiO_2复合材料过程的TG-DSC-MS研究

利用热重 -差示扫描量热 -质谱 ( TG-DSC-MS)联用技术对溶胶 -凝胶 ( Sol-Gel)法热压烧结制备碳纳米管 ( CNT) /Si O2 复合材料过程中的热分解行为特性进行了表征研究。采用多离子检测模式预定测量热分解生成的 C+ ( m/z1 2 )、OH+ ( m/z1 7)、H2 O+ ( m/z1 8)、CO2 + ( m/z2 8)等 9种正离子。实验发现 :用溶胶 -凝胶法制备 CNT/Si O2 复合材料过程中 ,在 5 0 0℃以下生成 Si O2 ,CNT在 5 0 0～ 73 0℃左右氧化燃烧。在 5 0 0℃条件下煅烧 1 h,凝胶 Si O2 完全转变成玻璃粉。选择在 5 0 0℃条件下煅烧 CNT/Si O2 复合粉体 1 h可作为CNT/Si O2 复合材料的煅烧工艺     

鲨鱼软骨粉中无机成分与形态分析

本文用等离子发射光谱法测定了鲨鱼软骨粉中的无机元素,并用红外光谱仪和X射线衍射仪进行了结构分析。结果表明,鲨鱼软骨粉中的主要无机成分为1/2[Ca(OH)_2·3Ca_3(PO_4)_2]。还讨论了锶的营养作用。     

红霉素类抗生素电喷雾/飞行时间质谱源内CID研究

本文采用电喷雾 /飞行时间质谱法 ,对 5个红霉素类抗生素进行了源内CID研究 ,并以PEG40 0及各样品质子化分子离子 (MH+ )做为内标物 ,对碎片离子进行了准确质量测定 ,确认了这些碎片离子 ,并总结了此类化合物的裂解规律。样品分子含有去氧氨基糖 (desosamine)或红霉糖 (cladinose)两个糖基片段 ,其中去氧氨基糖易于形成带电离子。另外考察了喷管电压 (NozzlePotential)、溶剂条件等对红霉素类抗生素电喷雾源内CID质谱的影响。     

A simple method for the removal of thiols on gold surfaces using an NH4OH-H2O2-H2O solution

The removal behavior of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of thiol molecules on a gold substrate by an NH(4)OH-H(2)O(2)-H(2)O solution was studied using attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Furthermore, the impact of the concentration of NH(4)OH and H(2)O(2) in the solution and reaction temperature on the SAM removal rate and efficiency was explored. The SAM removal rate and efficiency were significantly influenced by the concentration of NH(4)OH rather than H(2)O(2). The solution containing the 2 : 1 molar ratio of NH(4)OH : H(2)O(2) among three different solutions showed the highest removal rate and efficiency in the removal of 11-mercapto-1-undecanol. The increase in the reaction temperature resulted in the enhancement on the SAM removal rate, but it led to the fast delamination of the gold layer. These results may be useful in the regeneration of sensor surfaces relying on gold/thiol chemistry.     

Characteristics of Sputter-deposited Gadolinia-doped Ceria Thin Films on Al2O3/SiO2/Si Systems

Metal oxide films prepared by thin film technology have been reported for the potential applications on thin solid electrolyte layers for solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs). Gadolinia-doped ceria(GDC) thin films and Al2O3 layers on SiO2/Si substrates are successively deposited by RF reactive magnetron sputtering from a cerium-gadolinium (90:10 at.%) alloy target and Al target in O2/Ar gas mixture and then perform post-thermal treatments at 300-700 ℃ and 900 ℃ for 2 h, respectively. Materials characteristics and chemical compositions of GDC films and Al2O3 layers are investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), and atomic force microscopy(AFM). Stoichiometric Al2O3 layers with polycrystalline structures are firstly prepared onto SiO2/Si substrates. A cubic fluorite structure with columnar crystallites of GDC films is successfully deposited on Al2O3/SiO2/Si systems. The chemical composition of 700 ℃-annealed GDC films is (Ce0.91Gd0.09)O1.94 and possesses a higher film density of 7.257 g/cm3. As a result, GDC thin films prepared by RF reactive magnetron sputtering and post-thermal treatments can be used as thin solid electrolyte layers for intermediate temperature SOFCs system as compared to the well-known yttria-stabilized zirconia(YSZ).     

全自动双通道离子色谱仪的研制与应用

本文研制了一种用来同时检测环境水中的阴、阳离子含量的全自动离子色谱仪。本文首先介绍了仪器的结构和电控系统,接着对仪器的性能进行了测试。应用该仪器对阴离子（F-、Cl-、NO2-、Br-、NO3-、H2PO4-、SO42-）和阳离子（Na＋、NH4＋、K＋、Mg2＋、Ca2＋）的含量进行测定,各种离子的检出限（S/N=3）和相对标准偏差分别为0.0005 mg/L和1.20%,0.0007 mg/L和1.02%,0.0032 mg/L和0.98%,0.0023 mg/L和0.95%,0.0804 mg/L和0.78%,0.0051 mg/L和0.77%,0.0016 mg/L和0.75%,0.0021 mg/L和0.28%,0.0073 mg/L和0.33%,0.0229 mg/L和0.92%,0.0161 mg/L和0.17%,0.0190 mg/L和0.93%;样品的加标回收率在91.6%～104.0%之间。使用配对t检验,将自动进样法和手动进样法测定结果进行对比,结果显示没有显著差异。     

Physical and chemical analysis of the siliceous skeletons in six sponges of two groups (demospongiae and hexactinellida)

The siliceous skeletons of six hexactinellids and demosponges were compared using a series of physical and chemical tests. The sponges were two hermit-crab sponges (Class Demospongiae, family Suberitidae), one from Scotland, Suberites domuncula, and the other, Pseudospongosorites suberitoides, from the Gulf of Mexico, and four hexactinellids, Hyalonema sp., Euplectella aspergillum, Rhabdocalyptus dawsoni, and Aphrocallistes vastus. The operating hypothesis was that differences in the amorphous hydrated silica skeletons in Demosponges and Hexactinellids might prove taxonomically useful. Physical properties studied included SEM, glass density, glass transition temperature (Tg), TG/DTA to determine water content, and FTIR spectra. Chemical determinations were made using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF). Spicular skeletal material is deposited in concentric layers around the axial canal. With the exception of differences at several bands in the IR spectra, the siliceous skeletons in demosponges and hexactinellids are largely indistinguishable. Density was similar in all sponges (range 2.03-2.13 g/cc) and similar to the density of opal (SiO2 x 1.5H2O) (mean = 2.09 g/cc). IR spectra were similar, with prominent absorption bands at 460-470, 800, and 1,090-1,100 cm(-1) (due to different vibrational modes of Si-O-Si linkages) and at 1,650 and 3,450-3,560 cm(-1) (due to water). The skeletons of all six showed similar spectra to that of silica gel both before and after heating to 1,200 degrees C. Water comprised 10-14% of the skeleton by weight, slightly higher in the demosponges. Average spicule chemical composition was 85.2% SiO2, 12.3% water, and 2.5% other elements (mainly S, Al, K, Ca, and Na). The percent amounts of Si did not differ significantly between the demosponges and the hexactinellids.     

Preparation and characterization of TiO_2-SiO_2-Fe_3O_4 core-shell powders in nano scale

TiO2/SiO2/Fe3O4 nanoparticles have bigger specific area which can greatly increase the efficiency of photo-catalysis.The TiO2/SiO2/Fe3O4 particles in nano scale were prepared with reduction method at high temperature in this paper,and their morphology,particle size and magnetic property were characterized by transmission electron microscope(TEM),Xray diffraction(XRD) and magnetometer.The results show that the grain sizes of Fe3O4,SiO2-Fe3O4 and TiO2-SiO2-Fe3O4 particles were 50nm,70nm and 120nm,respectively.With the modification of SiO2,Fe3O4 magnetic cores are protected from oxidation.Moreover,by the addition of TiO2 function layer,TiO2-SiO2-Fe3O4 functional nanoparticles,with the saturation magnetization density of 34.1emu/g,is magnetically recoverable.The processes of this method are so simple that the nanoparticles can be produced in large quantity.     

LaPO4纳米粒子在铝合金表面的摩擦学性能

在TritonX-100/C10H21OH/H2O微乳液中合成了LaPO4纳米粒子,其粒径约5 nm。用高速环块摩擦磨损试验机考察了LaPO4纳米粒子在铝合金表面的摩擦学性能,并用X射线光电子能谱对其摩擦化学作用机制进行了研究。研究结果表明,LaPO4纳米粒子能提高微乳液的润滑性能,其在摩擦过程中,发生了摩擦化学反应,在摩擦表面生成了由LaPO4、La2O3、A lPO4等组成的化学反应膜。同时,微乳液中的有机分子吸附在铝合金表面构成了有机吸附膜,也起到了减摩抗磨的作用。     

粉末X射线衍射分析法鉴定乙烯球罐外输泵出口过滤网堵塞物样品中晶体物相

采用粉末X射线衍射(PXRD)分析法鉴定了乙烯球罐外输泵出口过滤网堵塞物样品中晶体物相。相鉴定结果为:Fe2O3(赤铁矿PDF#33-0664),Fe+3O(OH)(针铁矿PDF#29-0713),Fe+3O(OH)(纤铁矿PDF#44-1415),CaCO3(方解PDF#05-0586)和SiO2(石英PDF#46-1045)。目视检测发现,堵塞物样品中还含有大量纤维。本试验对乙烯球罐外输泵出口过滤网堵塞故障技术分析与技改具有指导意义。     

A new experimental setup designed for the investigation of irradiation of nanosystems in the gas phase: a high intensity mass-and-energy selected cluster beam

DIAM (Dispositif d'Irradiation d'Agre?gats Mole?culaires) is a new experimental setup devoted to investigate processes induced by irradiation at the nanoscale. The DIAM apparatus is based on a combination of techniques including a particle beam from high-energy physics, a cluster source from molecular and cluster physics, and mass spectrometry form analytical sciences. In this paper, we will describe the first part of the DIAM apparatus that consists of an ExB double spectrometer connected to a cluster ion source based on a continuous supersonic expansion in the presence of ionizing electrons. This setup produces high intensities of energy-and-mass selected molecular cluster ion beams (1000 s of counts s(-1)). The performance of the instrument will be shown through measurements of 6-8 keV beams of protonated water clusters, (H(2)O)(n)H(+) (n = 0-21) and mixed protonated (or deprotonated) water-pyridine cluster ions: PyrH(+)(H(2)O)(n) (n = 0-15), Pyr(2)H(+) (H(2)O)(n) (n = 0-9), and (Pyr-H)(+) (H(2)O).     

Measurement of water vapor in the stratosphere by photodissociation with Ly alpha (1216 A) light

Photodissociation of polyatomic molecules by vacuum-uv light often results in the formation of electronically excited diatomic molecular fragments. Based on this, instruments that measure mixing ratios or densities of selected polyatomic species in the stratosphere and higher troposphere can be constructed. This is demonstrated by an instrument to detect and measure stratospheric water mixing ratios utilizing H(2)O photodissociation by Ly alpha (1216 A) light and detecting OH(A(2)J(+)X(2)Pi) emission. Also, detectors for H(2)O(2), HNO(3), and NO(2) are discussed.