基于灰度图像的车道线识别系统研究

本文主要介绍基于灰度图像的车道线识别算法设计的过程。首先,对采集到的道路图像素材进行图像预处理,将原始的彩色图像通过灰度转换为灰度图;然后,进行图像平滑去噪、边缘锐化;最后,在预设的ROI区域检测车道边缘,对车道线进行识别和拟合。本设计利用自适应均值滤波、Otsu阈值分割和Hough变换直线提取实现道路边界识别过程,利用MATLAB软件进行仿真测试,通过GUI人机界面,导入道路图像实现各环节道路图像处理,最终实现车道线的识别和显示,实验结果验证了所用方法的可行性。     

基于边缘和误差扩散的半色调图像水印算法

为使水印具有不可见性,提出了一种基于图像边缘和误差扩散的数字半色调图像水印算法。Canny算子去噪能力强,在边缘检测和噪声间能取得较好的平衡。先对灰度图像进行Canny边缘检测,得到灰度图像的边缘,然后将灰度图像的边缘近似作为半色调图像的边缘,并在灰度图像使用误差扩散算法进行半色调的同时,在边缘位置进行二值水印的嵌入。对水印图像进行了Arnold预处理,增强了水印的抗剪裁和涂抹攻击的能力。结果表明,该算法不会造成图像的明显失真,能很好地抵抗剪切、涂抹J、PEG压缩、噪声攻击。     

曲线匹配算法及其在织物自动对花检测中的应用

针对圆网印花过程中的对花检测问题,在提出的基于机器视觉的圆网印花检测系统的基础上,提出了利用曲线匹配策略得到错花套色的位置误差矢量的方法。为了确保目标边缘图像与标准边缘图像拍摄位置相同,利用Fourier-Mellin曲线匹配,对其进行匹配消除拍摄误差;然后用基于傅里叶变换位移定理的曲线匹配算法,对调整好的目标边缘图像和标准边缘图像进行匹配,检测对花误差。该匹配策略消除了拍摄误差,数据运算量小,实验表明其检测精度和运算速度可以满足织物对花在线检测的要求。     

织物表面几何形状检测中最优边缘检测算法的选取

基于机器视觉方法检测织物表面图案几何形状,研究棉质纺织品表面图案边缘的检测效果,通过对比找到适合工业应用的边缘检测算法。选取多种典型的边缘检测算子为考察对象,首先对各自边缘检测的结果图像及其信息熵进行对比,然后分析各算子在目标区域分割、内部条纹及局部图案细节等多方面的表现,证明Sobel算子得到的图像边缘与背景区域的灰度差异明显,灰度信息熵最小,有利于图像几何信息的识别;而且Sobel算子对织物表面及背景区域的纹理不敏感,识别结果:图像中噪声及后续处理难度较小,适合棉质袜子表面几何形状的检测。     

基于机器视觉的细纱接头机器人纱线断头定位方法

为实现通过机器视觉方式对细纱接头机器人的纱线断头进行定位,并简化机械结构,根据断头纱线图像特点,提出针对纱线特征的识别与定位算法。利用工业相机采集纱线被吸入吸嘴的图像,通过改进灰度增强方法增大纱线特征与背景对比度,利用Canny算子进行边缘检测,最后通过划分上下感兴趣区域以及优化的霍夫直线检测获取纱线的图像特征并利用定位算法提取所需的位置信息。结果表明:本文算法提取的位置信息精度较高,坐标点误差为1.42像素,角度误差为0.60°;相较于传统检测算法,程序运行时间得到了缩短,识别时间在10^-1 s数量级上,实时性好;研究成果可应用于细纱接头机器人产品开发中。     

用于网版印刷自动套印的十字线检测新方法

本文通过对套印误差检测方法的研究,以平台式网版印刷机单机实现多色套印为研究目标,提出了一种利用边缘检测和概率Hough变换进行十字线标记直线拟合和特征识别的新方法.在阈值设定合理的条件下,该检测方法具有较强抗干扰性.模拟实验中,将该检测方法应用于套印标记(十字线)的三自由度套印误差的实际测量,实验结果表明其检测精度满足平台式平型网版印刷机对套印精度的要求.     

一种道路斑马线的检测识别方法研究

文章针对导盲系统中的斑马线识别问题进行了研究。首先根据斑马线灰度直方图的特点确定Canny算法的高低阈值,再用Canny算法进行边缘检测,然后采用Hough变换提取直线,最后根据提取的直线信息进行斑马线的识别。实验结果表明对于白天和夜晚受污染的斑马线本方法可行。     

基于Hough变换的机织物组织点自动定位

为实现机织物的组织识别,先要完成组织点的定位和识别。为克服传统的组织点分割方法的局限性,提出采用Hough变换检测织物图像中的经纱和纬纱的倾斜角度,然后对织物图像中的像素点进行坐标变换。在变换后的图像中对像素点进行按行按列灰度累加,通过确定累加曲线中的谷点即可完成织物的经纬纱分割。对经纱和纬纱分割结果进行合并,可得到机织物组织点分割结果。实验结果表明,所提出的算法对存在纱线倾斜的不同织物均可实现组织点的成功定位。     

基于机器视觉的透明包装袋真空封口纹理缺陷检测方法

目的:解决由于目前在食品包装领域采用人工抽检方式导致的真空封口质检难以长时间连续作业，易发生漏检、错检，检测准确率稳定性不可靠等问题。方法:提出了一种基于机器视觉的透明包装袋真空封口纹理检测方法代替人工检测。利用ROI区域提取、仿射变换和局部二值化模式等算法进行图像预处理，凸显出纹理特征。在此基础之上，利用灰度共生矩阵分析“良好”和“缺陷”封口纹理图像特征设置灰度共生矩阵参数，将纹理特征的均匀性与共生灰度矩阵特征量相关联。最后，以灰度共生矩阵特征量作为SVM分类器的输入量，通过计算对封口缺陷进行识别与分类。结果:该在线检测方法对透明包装袋真空封口的缺陷检测结果与人工质量结果对比同一性高达97.5%。结论:该方法具备较高的检测准确率和较好的实用性，可满足在线检测的需求。     

一种基于改进的HOUGH变换的车轮检测方法

针对进出特定场所的车辆,本文提出了一种基于改进的Hough变换的车轮检测方法,该方法能够识别车辆的型号和特征参数。首先通过变为灰度图像、变为二值图像、形态学图像处理、Canny边缘检测等算法进行图像预处理,然后使用改进的Hough变换对车轮位置和大小进行检测。通过实验分析,本文提出的方法能够较为精确地检测出目标车辆的车轮位置和大小,并成功应用于某车辆识别系统。     

糙米质量指标及评价技术进展

糙米质量直接影响稻米的加工品质和食用品质,快速准确的糙米质量评价技术对糙米的贸易、加工以及安全储藏具有重要意义。综述了糙米颜色、气味、千粒重、体积质量(容重)、比容、不完善粒、黄粒米、爆腰粒、垩白等质量指标及评价技术现状,具体阐述了图像处理和近红外技术在糙米质量检测中的应用进展,为糙米质量以及糙米质量评价技术的研究提供技术支持.     

谷糙分离与糙米精选

分析了目前国内谷糙分离设备的现状，论述了对糙米精除杂的必要性，介绍了谷糙分离精选组合筛的工艺流程及特点，提出了采用谷糙分离精选组合筛选和重力谷糙分离机串联分离谷糙和糙米精选的新工艺，以降低对砻谷机脱壳率的要求，减少糙米爆腰破碎，从而提高大米的整米率和质量。     

Speciation and localization of arsenic in white and brown rice grains

Synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence (S-XRF) was utilized to locate arsenic (As) in polished (white) and unpolished (brown) rice grains from the United States, China, and Bangladesh. In white rice As was generally dispersed throughout the grain, the bulk of which constitutes the endosperm. In brown rice As was found to be preferentially localized at the surface, in the region corresponding to the pericarp and aleurone layer. Copper, iron, manganese, and zinc localization followed that of arsenic in brown rice, while the location for cadmium and nickel was distinctly different, showing relatively even distribution throughout the endosperm. The localization of As in the outer grain of brown rice was confirmed by laser ablation ICP-MS. Arsenic speciation of all grains using spatially resolved X-ray absorption near edge structure (micro-XANES) and bulk extraction followed by anion exchange HPLC-ICP-MS revealed the presence of mainly inorganic As and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA). However, the two techniques indicated different proportions of inorganic:organic As species. A wider survey of whole grain speciation of white (n=39) and brown (n=45) rice samples from numerous sources (field collected, supermarket survey, and pot trials) showed that brown rice had a higher proportion of inorganic arsenic present than white rice. Furthermore, the percentage of DMA present in the grain increased along with total grain arsenic.     

糙米储藏技术研究进展

概述了糙米的常温储藏、低温储藏、气调储藏和保鲜新技术等四种储藏方法,重点从低温储粮原理、实现方法、低温仓设计等三个方面介绍了糙米低温储藏技术的研究进展,分析认为:(1)我国不同水稻产区应当根据其气候特点与后续利用方式,选择适宜的糙米储藏方法;(2)对于高温湿热产区,建议探讨先稻谷储藏再糙米储藏的组合式储藏方法,以期降低储藏能耗,改善糙米品质;(3)进一步通过理论与试验研究,优化低温储藏方法,改善粮仓设计,降低储藏成本,从而突现糙米低温储藏的价值;(4)不断宣传糙米的营养价值.     

碾米机离散元模拟参数测定

目的:解决碾米机操作不便及碾米机滚动摩擦系数与滑动摩擦系数概念混淆的问题.方法:使用EDEM软件对碾白加工过程进行离散元模拟.以MNAW18型碾米机为参照,取丰两优系列糙米为样品,通过自主搭建实验台并结合模拟标定,建立一套测取碾米机离散元模拟参数的方法.结果:使用自制碰撞系数试验装置,并结合视频运动处理软件得到糙米与糙米、碾辊和筛网间的碰撞恢复系数分别为0.34,0.24,0.43;利用斜面倾角与静摩擦系数的关系,设计静摩擦试验,测得糙米与糙米、碾辊和筛网间的静摩擦系数分别为0.467,0.881,0.550;通过糙米堆积角试验、糙米斜面滚落试验与离散元模拟试验相结合对滚动摩擦系数进行标定,得到糙米与糙米、碾辊和筛网间的滚动摩擦系数分别为0.013,0.101,0.159.结论:通过二次模拟,仿真模拟结果与实测结果误差在合理范围内,表明参数标定的数据是可靠.     

Effects of processing and cooking on the reduction of dinotefuran concentration in Japanese rice samples

Dinotefuran is an insecticide belonging to the neonicotinoid class, which is frequently used to control pests in paddy rice owing to its permeability and effectiveness against sucking insects. Since 2002, this insecticide has been commercially available in Japan, and has become controversial due to its high detection frequency in brown rice for primary consumption. In this study, the effects of processing and cooking on the reduction of dinotefuran residues in commercially available brown rice were investigated. Boiled rice is difficult to homogenise and extract with acetonitrile. Using pre-freezing and cryogenic milling with powdered dry ice, dinotefuran in boiled rice was extracted well. A measurement method comprising sample preparation (acetonitrile extraction, gel permeation chromatography, and SPE) and detection with anLC–MS/MS system was used. In 10 out of 25 commercial brown rice samples, dinotefuran was detected at a concentration of 0.04 μg/g (mean), which was more than the limit of quantitation of 0.01 μg/g. The dinotefuran levels were significantly less than the MRL of 2 μg/g in Japan. Even after polishing, washing, and boiling, dinotefuran was detected in 10 brown rice samples, with mean residue levels of 74.7%, 60.8%, and 39.6%, respectively, of the original concentration in brown rice. Based on these data, the processing factor of dinotefuran in boiled rice has been estimated to be approximately 0.4. Dinotefuran residues were reduced in the boiled rice, but less so than other pesticides. Although the maximum daily intake of dinotefuran in boiled rice was 0.0065 mg/person/day, its percent ratio to the ADI of dinotefuran in Japan was less than 0.05%. These results suggest that the daily intake of dinotefuran from rice might not be a critical problem at present, in spite of its relatively high detection frequency in boiled rice.     

Process of Producing Parboiled Rice with Different Colors by Fluidized Bed Drying Technique Including Tempering

Steamer is utilized to gelatinize rice starch. High pressure or long steaming time is conventionally applied to obtain the dark brown color of the product. A new alternative method to produce dark brown parboiled rice was proposed in this work. High temperature fluidized bed drying technique including tempering was therefore explored to determine the operating condition to meet the requirement of light and dark brown parboiled rice along with high head rice yield. In addition, the couple of heat and mass transfer model was developed to determine the effective moisture diffusion coefficient, the temperature and moisture distributions within a grain kernel during drying. The effective diffusion coefficient was well correlated with grain temperature by Arrhenius equation. The drying temperature and moisture content after drying caused the drop of head rice yield. When the parboiled paddy at the intermediate moisture contents of 22 and 27% d.b. was tempered, the head rice quality was improved while the parboiled rice color was browner. To obtain high drying capacity, high head rice yield, and light brown color, the parboiled paddy should be dried at a maximum allowable temperature of 150 °C and tempered for 30 min. The tempering time should be extended to 60 min for the dark brown parboiled rice.     

金优402等4种早稻糙米氨基酸含量及其利用率的研究

以优质玉米鲁单50、优质蛋白玉米(QPM)津玉34、湖南省2种优质饲料早稻(FEP)湘早籼24和威优56的糙米以及优质中稻金优63的糙米为对照，通过TME(真代谢能)法和高效液相色谱(HPLC)对金优402、金优153、鄂早6号和9530等4种早稻糙米的氨基酸含量及其利用率进行研究分析。结果显示金优402等4种早稻糙米的必需氨基酸指数均高于玉米鲁单50、津玉34和优质饲料早稻威优56；17种氨基酸含量及利用率均高于玉米鲁单50和津玉34；必需氨基酸总含量均低于湖南省的湘早籼24和威优56，高于中稻金优63；必需氨基酸利用率高于两种玉米，接近和优于威优56和金优63，与湘早籼24相当，是蛋白质品质较优良的饲料早稻品种。     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定稻米各加工阶段铅含量研究

选取产地分别为江苏、黑龙江、湖南省三个粳稻谷样品,按GB/T5009.12–2010《食品安全国家标准食品中铅的测定》规定,通过石墨炉原子吸收光谱法分别测定稻谷、糙米、精米中铅含量,以研究我国稻米重金属铅污染情况。通过对测定数据结果分析,表明稻谷铅含量已超过GB/T 2715–2005《粮食卫生标准》规定标准;糙米铅含量已处于《粮食卫生标准》规定临界点;精米铅含量尚符合《粮食卫生标准》规定;由此说明我国稻米铅污染状况已不容乐观,应引起有关部门高度重视。     

Distribution of aflatoxins in shelling and milling fractions of naturally contaminated rice

The objective of this study was to determine the distribution of an economically important class of mycotoxins, the aflatoxins, in rice milling fractions. Rice plants grown under field production conditions are frequently infected with types of pathogenic fungi that produce toxic metabolites (mycotoxins). Paddy (seeds) rice from healthy plants in the field was collected and stored on a farm under humid, poorly ventilated conditions. Samples were milled into four fractions (hulls, brown rice, bran and white rice) and analysed for aflatoxins (B(1), B(2), G(1) and G(2)) using a validated method. Rice fractions from healthy plants, which contained low levels of aflatoxins (less than 1?μg?kg(-1)), were used to determine the efficiency of the extraction method. Seeds stored under poor conditions were found to be contaminated with aflatoxins B(1) and B(2) as were the fractions. The sums of AFB(1) and AFB(2) in stored paddy rice, hulls, brown rice, bran and white rice were 141, 39, 158, 367 and 56?μg?kg(-1), respectively. The ratio of aflatoxin B(1) and B(2) was about 10?:?1. AFG(1) and AFG(2) were less than 1?μg?kg(-1). Thus, brown rice contained 92.9% of the aflatoxins in paddy rice, whereas white rice contained only 27.9%.