超声复合磁力研磨加工镍基合金GH4169异形管

为解决镍基合金GH4169异型管内壁难研磨及研磨不均匀问题,采用超声复合磁力研磨光整加工方法进行试验。分析在超声复合磁力研磨条件下,主轴转速、加工间隙、超声频率和超声振幅对异形管内壁表面质量的影响。结果表明：在超声轴向频率为19 kHz、振幅19 μm,主轴转速1000 r/min,磁性磨粒平均粒径250 μm,加工间隙2 mm加工条件下,加工30 min后,管件内壁表面粗糙度Ra由原始的2.4 μm降至0.31 μm。通过在管件内部添加圆柱形辅助磁极,使得内外两磁极形成闭合磁场回路,增加磁场力的作用。辅助磁极连接高频轴向超声振动,使得吸附在磁极上的磁性磨粒在旋转运动和轴向高频振动复合作用下划擦、研磨管件内表面。由于研磨轨迹发生交叉复杂化,使得异型管内壁研磨后的表面质量和表面粗糙度得到明显提高;管件内壁表面残余应力由拉应力+52 MPa转变为压应力-48 MPa,表面应力状态得到较好的改善。     

7050铝合金超声空化气泡动力学数值模拟

运用Matlab软件研究了初始半径为1～50μm的空化泡在不同声压下的泡壁运动,并模拟了特殊情况下泡内压强的变化,给出了空化泡在崩溃点边缘产生的巨大局部压强。模拟了大半径的气泡在不同声压下的空化泡壁的运动。结果表明,声压越大空化泡膨胀越剧烈,空化泡内部压强越小。空化泡半径越大,空化泡膨胀幅值越小。声压较大,初始半径较小时,大部分空化泡存在时间很短,相反,气泡能存在较长时间,有时能产生稳定的颤动而不会崩溃。最后在水中进行了试验模拟,试验结果和模拟结果符合较好。     

旋转超声锯切光学玻璃的表面形成机理研究

目的 探究不同物理性能光学玻璃锯切加工的表面形成机理,以及旋转超声锯切过程中径向振动冲击对其表面特性的影响。方法 首先通过显微压痕实验,对比K9与石英两种光学玻璃的硬度与断裂韧性,计算其各自的临界切削深度,并用LS-DYNA进行单颗磨粒切削的有限元仿真,分析不同物理性能光学玻璃的表面形成机理。然后对其进行旋转超声锯切（Rotary ultrasonic sawing RUS）和普通锯切（Conventional sawing CS）实验,分析径向超声振动对不同物理性能的光学玻璃表面特性的影响。结果 K9、石英玻璃的断裂韧性分别为5.232 MPa?m0.5和1.644 MPa?m0.5,临界切削深度为4.288 μm和0.012 μm。仿真结果表明,加工过程中,超声振动将单颗磨粒的最大切削厚度由1.1767 μm提高为8.001 μm。对石英与K9玻璃进行锯切试验的结果显示,对于K9玻璃,旋转超声锯切后,沟槽底部粗糙度Pa与峰谷值Pv相对普通锯切大幅降低,但石英玻璃下降幅度不大。结论 超声振动增大了单颗磨粒切削厚度,使得K9玻璃的材料去除方式由部分塑性去除转变为完全脆性断裂去除,致使表面层产生微破碎,避免了传统加工过程中产生的大面积破碎和裂纹,进而提高表面粗糙度。石英玻璃因为临界切深小,在普通锯切中即为脆性去除,超声振动的影响效果稍小,对加工后表面粗糙度的影响不大。     

空化水射流微成形工艺的数值模拟研究

提出一种空化水射流冲击金属钛箔微成形的新工艺,该工艺利用空化水射流中空泡溃灭产生的高压冲击载荷,实现金属箔材的微成形。采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA数值模拟方法,以100 μm厚的TA2钛箔作为微成形研究对象,对空化水射流冲击微成形性能进行研究。通过模型建立、定义材料及属性、定义单元类型及接触、划分网格、边界条件及力的加载等技术处理,对金属钛箔的成形形貌、成形件中心点运动等进行数值模拟,为空化水射流冲击微成形机制和进一步试验研究提供依据。     

铁电效应对钽酸锂固结磨盘加工的影响研究

目的 研究铁电效应对钽酸锂加工的潜在影响。方法 选用3000#的金刚石粉料制作的金刚石丸片,将其固结在设计的夹具中制成一种新型固结磨盘,并与游离磨料研磨加工结果进行比较,然后采用恒温水浴装置将冷却液温度控制在低温状态,并添加电解质溶液,以材料去除率、表面形貌及粗糙度作为指标,进一步分析铁电效应对固结磨盘加工钽酸锂的结果影响。结果 游离磨料加工10 min后,钽酸锂晶片表面粗糙度Sa从初始的419.112 nm降至232.319 nm,材料去除率MRR为36.78 μm/h,晶片表层存在磨粒嵌入、大量凹坑及深划痕等缺陷,且研磨过程中易破损。同样的加工条件下,固结磨盘研磨钽酸锂晶片的表面粗糙度Sa从419.112 nm降到97.004 nm,材料去除率MRR为57.19 μm/h,相对于游离磨料加工结果,晶片表面磨粒嵌入情况极少,划痕深度变浅、凹坑数量减小,表面更光滑。在冷却液温度为5 ℃并添加0.5%（体积分数）的电解质溶液时,使用固结磨盘研磨10 min后,表面粗糙度Sa进一步下降到37.943 nm,材料去除率为58.75 μm/h。材料表面无磨粒嵌入,无较深沟槽和凹坑,仅存在少许浅划痕。结论 相同加工条件下,固结磨料比传统游离磨料研磨后的表面粗糙度值更低,表面质量更好,去除率更高,加工效率和成品率更优。低温状态和加入电解质溶液能够有效抑制钽酸锂的内应力,防止裂纹产生及扩展,改善晶片的表面损伤,进一步提高了晶片表面质量。     

超声振动辅助软性磨料流喷孔光整加工研究

针对软性磨料流加工喷油嘴喷孔过程中磨粒容易团聚堵塞流道的问题,提出利用超声振动产生的空化效应,使团聚的磨粒破碎分离,实现液态载体与磨粒的均匀混合。通过研究超声辅助条件下磨粒的受力、运动以及空化效应对磨粒团的作用,结合试验对比研究在超声振动条件下软性磨料流加工喷孔的入口直径与锥度的变化规律。结果表明:空化效应产生的高能量冲击波可提高加工过程中的磨料压力,将磨粒团分散为单颗磨粒群,提高加工质量与加工效率;随着磨料质量分数与磨粒粒径的增大,喷孔入口直径与锥度增大,磨料对喷孔壁面切削作用加强,材料去除量增加。     

SUS304不锈钢套内圆表面磁力研磨加工研究

使用自制的环形磁刷工具配合多轴运动电解复合磁力研磨机,对SUS304不锈钢套内圆表面进行磁力研磨加工试验,探讨氧化铝磨粒粒径、加工时间、加工负荷以及加工电流对表面粗糙度的影响。结果表明：在纯磨粒磁力研磨试验中,当磨粒粒径为3 μm、加工负荷为2 N及振动频率为4 Hz时,研磨加工10 min后,Rmax=0.198 μm、Ra=0.045 μm, 而在纯电解磁力研磨试验中,在负荷2 N与加工电流200 mA的加工条件下,研磨10 min后,Rmax=0.292 μm、Ra=0.069 μm,较纯磨粒磁力研磨效果稍差;在电解复合磨粒的磁力研磨中,当磨粒粒径为3 μm、加工负荷为2 N、振动频率为4 Hz及加工电流为200 mA时,可获得最理想的研磨结果,加工10 min后,Rmax=0.146 μm、Ra=0.033 μm,效果优于纯磨粒和电解的磁力研磨;在工具无进给的两阶段电解复合磁力研磨试验中,先使用3 μm粒径的磨粒、2 N的加工负荷、4 Hz的振动频率以及200 mA的加工电流,研磨4 min,随后更换粒径为1 μm的磨粒,研磨12 min后,Rmax=0.112 μm、Ra=0.024 μm,此时工件内表面已被加工成镜面。     

旋转超声辅助磁力研磨镍基合金试验研究

对现有新材料镍基高温合金进行旋转超声辅助磁力研磨试验研究。探讨该方法及工艺参数对工件表面微裂纹、褶皱、划痕等表面缺陷问题的去除效果。试验结果表明:旋转超声辅助磁力研磨光整加工磁极转速为1 000 r/min,磁性研磨粒子平均粒径为250 μm,超声振动频率为19 kHz时比传统磁力研磨效果有显著提高,工件表面粗糙度从R_a 3.4 μm降到R_a 0.07 μm;研磨后其内部应力由拉应力+46 MPa转变为压应力-126MPa,得到了良好的表面应力状态。在相同磁力研磨加工条件和试验参数下,该方法与传统磁力研磨加工进行实验对比,旋转超声辅助磁力研磨方法通过添加轴向高频旋转超声冲击,得到良好的工件表面质量及表面粗糙度;加工后工件表面划痕、褶皱、微裂纹基本去除,表面质量及表面微观形貌有显著改善。     

基于旋转磁场的6061铝合金弯管内表面光整加工

为解决液压导管内表面缺陷所引起的振动和噪音,通过Ansoft Maxwell软件对不同锥度的聚磁头进行磁场强度分析,得出最佳聚磁头锥度尺寸。利用六自由度机械手臂驱动N-S-S-N四磁极圆周排布所形成的旋转磁场,带动填放在弯管内部的吸附磁性磨粒的圆柱形辅助磁极,经30 min研磨,快速去除弯管内部的沟状及鱼鳞状纹理;旋转磁场带动磁性磨粒继续研磨45 min,管件直管处由原始内表面粗糙度Ra为0.48 μm降低至Ra为0.12 μm;管件弯折处由原始内表面粗糙度Ra为0.67 μm降低至Ra为0.13 μm,完成对6061铝合金弯管内表面的光整加工。对其进行振动试验检测,当振动频率为2482 Hz时,研磨前的弯管加速度为0.3059 m/s²,研磨后降至0.1899 m/s²,振幅和噪音也显著降低,液压油路的稳定性显著提高,从而验证了对弯管内表面光整加工有利于减振降噪,提高液压导管的使役可靠性。     

基于固结磨料盘的钽酸锂高效研磨加工试验研究

目的 实现钽酸锂材料的高效、高质量、低成本加工。方法 选择合适的添加剂作为辅料,利用树脂结合剂将3000#的金刚石磨料通过配混料、固化、压实、修整等步骤,制成金刚石固结磨料盘。以加工过程中钽酸锂工件的材料去除率、表面形貌以及粗糙度等作为评价指标,在相同粒径条件下,用游离磨料、固结磨料磨盘对钽酸锂晶片进行加工,对比加工结果。结果 在压力为4 kPa、研磨盘转速为140 rad/min的条件下,3000#金刚石游离磨料铸铁盘研磨Y-36°钽酸锂晶片10 min后,材料去除率为37.89 μm/h,表面粗糙度Sa由420 nm改善至233.308 nm,但是晶片表面出现深划痕,从而导致易破碎,且有少量磨粒残留在钽酸锂晶片上。而在相同加工条件下,采用3000#金刚石固结磨料盘研磨Y-36°钽酸锂晶片10 min后,材料去除率为66.19 μm/h,表面粗糙度Sa降低至97.004 nm,且晶片表面划痕较浅,无磨粒残留在钽酸锂晶片上。结论 采用固结磨料盘加工后的表面粗糙度比游离磨料加工后的表面粗糙度更低,表面形貌更好,材料去除率更高,达到了钽酸锂晶片精研的加工效率和表面质量。同时固结磨料盘研磨LT晶片时,其表面粗糙度随压力、转速增大而减小,材料去除率随压力、转速增大而增大。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.