高关水库“2016.7.19”洪水调度探析

2016年梅雨期,高关水库出现了洪水位最高、洪峰流量最大、泄洪流量最大、泄放水量最多、泄洪时间最长、闸门启闭最频繁历史六个之最。7月19日至7月20日,高关水库流域33 h持续强降雨达468 mm,48 h内库水位陡涨4.35 m,给水库安全和下游河道安全带来了严重威胁,对水库防洪调度工作带来严峻挑战。高关水库采用较为先进、便捷的信息化手段,为水库预测、预报与决策提供了科学调度,为水库安全度汛提供了技术保障,成功抵御了特大洪水带来的安全风险,有效保障了下游人民财产安全,发挥了水库巨大的防洪减灾效益。     

关山水库洪水预报调度方法初探

抚顺市大、中、小型水库众多,仅小(一)型以上水库就多达55座,因此水库的安全渡汛是全市防汛工作的重中之重。加强水库洪水调度预报方法的研究,建立水库的洪水调度预报预警系统,对水库防汛工作是至关重要的。本文利用常规的水文预报手段对关山水库的洪水调度预报方法进行了初步探索,以求为全市水库洪水调度预报预警系统的建立提供粗浅经验。     

遵义市观音水库工程数字孪生平台凸优化调度算法研究

为保障水利水电工程运行安全，实现供水调度、大坝安全、库区管理、发电运行等业务功能，基于数理统计和数据挖掘等技术方法构建水文水资源预测预报、安全监测数据异常识别、工程安全预测预警、输水管线分析等数学模型。重点对观音水库工程信息化数字孪生平台凸优化调度算法进行了研究，形成水库数字孪生系统架构凸优化调度决策方案，对于建成具有预报、预警、预案、预演功能的工程信息化系统，为观音水库运行安全，充分发挥工程综合效益提供重要支撑。     

浅谈相应水位法在洪水预报中的应用

介绍了广东省潮州供水枢纽在水情测报系统建设尚未完成,相关水文资料缺乏的情况下,通过收集水文资料,应用相应水位法进行洪水预报,为水库的安全调度运行提供保障。     

沙河昭平台水库站洪水预报分析研究

通过对昭平台水库站以上流域的暴雨成因、径流产生、径流形成过程、洪峰演进机理以及实际作业预报等进行计算分析,制作预报方案,对实际作业预报做进一步的分析研究,介绍和说明了昭平台水库站洪水预报的基本内容和方法,为防汛抗旱提供参照、依据。同时通过对昭平台水库站的详细分析和介绍,让读者更加了解本站预报中的实际情况和特点,以及在水情工作中的重要地位,特别是水库的科学调度在防汛抗旱中发挥着重大的作用,在这"干渴"的一年中缓解了当地的水危机,保障了人民群众的生命财产和安全。     

南水流域入库洪水特性及洪水预报分析

该文对南水流域的暴雨洪水特性进行了详细分析,并针对实际特性进行了洪水预报方案制作,经过2008年的实际洪水检验,证明该预报方案可行。南水流域洪水预报为南水电站汛期安全运行和水库优化调度决策提供科学依据。     

泰安市大河水库洪水预报调度系统研究

本文阐述了大河水库洪水预报调度系统的研究内容,对系统主要功能做了说明,洪水调度系统的建立对提高大河水库防洪调度水平具有重要的推动作用,为实现防洪调度系统科学、可靠、高效决策提供了条件,进一步提高了水库的防洪调度、运行管理及安全管理的信息化水平。     

半城子水库简易洪水预报方法在防洪调度中的应用

依据半城子水库的流域概况、工程概况和水文特性,通过分析半城子水库简易洪水预报模型的建立及其在防洪调度中的运用情况,总结预报经验,并思考其在实际应用中存在的问题。结论:半城子水库通过有效利用洪水预报手段,为防洪调度奠定了坚实的技术保障,最大限度地增加了可调控水资源总量,充分发挥了水库防洪、供水职能,统筹了防洪安全和水资源的优化配置,实现了水库综合运用效益的最大发挥。     

浅谈水库洪水预报综合查算图的使用方法

淮河流域是洪水多发地区，由于源短流急，山区水库进行汛期预报工作较为困难，但是运用水库洪水预报综合查算图，可以快速对水库未来将会出现的最高水位、最大洪峰、最大泄量及出现的时间进行预报，给水库安全调度带来很大的便利，可以及时为上级领导做出防汛调度提供信息，     

葫芦岛地区洪水资源化水库调度模拟研究

研究对不同土壤含水状态下不同降雨情况的水库来水量、洪峰流量和洪峰出现时间等进行了论证;对不同土壤含水状态下不同起调水位的水库抗暴雨能力进行了计算。研究表明,经过水库防洪预报调度后,水库的蓄水量比多年汛后平均蓄水量大,拦蓄洪水量更多。将水库模拟预报与水库防洪预报调度相结合,以预报水库入库洪量为判别条件,以水库汛限水位为控制条件使洪水经过水库调节达到提前均匀泄流,在保障防洪效益的前提下最大地发挥兴利效益,提高了洪水资源利用率,实现洪水资源化。     

Call for Papers

正As the eldest and most distributed professional journal of water industry,Water Wastewater Engineering(W WE)gained very wide acceptance from the colleagues working in this field in this country since start publication in 1964.Now it is administrated by the Ministry of Construction of the People’s Republic of China and sponsored by the China Civil Engineering Society etc.     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL WATER QUALITY VARIABILITY IN AQUATIC HABITATS OF A CULTIVATED FLOODPLAIN

The floodplains of lowland rivers contain diverse aquatic habitats that provide valuable ecosystem services but are perturbed when intensively cultivated. Hydrologic, water chemistry and biological (fish) conditions in five aquatic habitats along the Coldwater River, Mississippi, were measured for more than 4 years: the river, two severed meanders that functioned as backwaters, a managed wetland and an ephemeral channel draining cultivated fields. Off‐channel habitats were connected to downstream regions 0.10% to 32% of the dry season and 24% to 67% of the wet season. The median temperatures for the five monitored sites ranged from 18°C to 23°C, the median total solids concentration for all sites was 135 mg L^?1, the median total phosphorus was 0.29 mg L^?1 and the median total nitrogen was 1.56 mg L^?1. Chemical and physical water quality displayed strong seasonal differences between the wet winter/spring and the dry summer/fall periods so that temporal variation consisted of gradual seasonal trends superimposed on strong diurnal variations. All off‐channel habitats exhibited periods of hypoxia and temperatures >30°C during the dry season. Between‐site gradients of water and habitat quality were strongly coupled to water depth and runoff loading. The rehabilitation of one backwater by increasing water depth and diverting agricultural runoff was associated with improved water quality and fish species richness relative to an adjacent untreated backwater. The diversion of polluted runoff and the use of water control structures to maintain greater water depth were observed to be effective management tools, but the former reduces the water supply to habitats that tend to dry up and the latter reduces connectivity. Published in 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Spatio‐temporal variation of gross CO2 and CH4 diffusive emissions from Australian reservoirs and natural aquatic ecosystems,and estimation of net reservoir emissions

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) and methane (CH₄) diffusive emissions were measured during two field surveys in Queensland and Tasmania, Australia, using the floating chamber method. Bubbling and degassing emissions in 2010 were estimated in Koombooloomba Dam reservoir using only inverted funnels and gas concentrations, respectively. A total of 14 reservoirs and 16 rivers and lakes were sampled from 2006 to 2010. Spatial variation was substantial within each water body, as well as between them. The main drivers of diffusive emission variation were physiographic region and climate, with a clear demarcation being observed between diffusive emissions from tropical Queensland and temperate Tasmania, and between the humid West Coast Range (Tasmania) and dry Central Plateau (Tasmania). Higher CO₂ and CH₄ diffusive emissions were observed during the dry season, when long water residence times would promote organic matter degradation. Estimated total gross emissions, including diffusive, bubbling and degassing emissions, for Koombooloomba Dam reservoir were about 1.5 × 10⁶ t CO₂eq km² per year, or 24 × 10⁶ t CO₂eq per year. This corresponds to a plant emission factor of 3.18 kg CO₂eq MWh^?1. Using an estimate of terrestrial emissions derived from literature data for the Tully River catchment area, rough estimated net emissions from the catchment area are about 44 kt CO₂eq per year, or 5.83 kg CO₂eq MWh^?1, which is in the lower range of the studied reservoirs.     

Automated system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash from electric precipitator hoppers

A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system, configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008).     

The flood pulse advantage and the restoration of river-floodplain systems

The ‘flood pulse advantage’ is the amount by which fish yield per unit mean water area is increased by a natural, predictable flood pulse. Evidence for this increase is presented from tropical and temperate fisheries. It is argued that increasing multispecies fish yield by restoring the natural hydrological regime is consistent with increasing production of other trophic levels and with restoration from ecological and aesthetic viewpoints. When applied to a river-floodplain system, this restoration would provide a large, self-sustaining potential for recreation, commercial exploitation, and flood control. An interim ‘natural flood pulse’ restoration approach is proposed for systems modified for navigation. This approach approximates the natural hydrological regime in a river reach and is intended as a first step in the long process of restoring the watershed.     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。     

Short communication. Pipelines as a refuge for freshwater snails

In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment.