Photoluminescence study of SiO2 coated Eu3+:Y2O3 core-shells under high pressure

Uniform core-shell Eu³⁺:Y₂O₃/SiO₂ spheres were synthesized via precipitation and the Stöber method. The structural transition of core-shell Eu³⁺:Y₂O₃/SiO₂ was studied by using high pressure photoluminescence spectra. With pressure increasing, the emission intensities of ⁵D₀→⁷F_0,1,2 transitions of Eu³⁺ ions decreased and the transition lines showed a red shift. The relative luminescence intensity ratio of ⁵D₀→⁷F₂ to ⁵D₀→⁷F₁ transitions decreased with increasing pressure, indicating lowering asymmetry around Eu³⁺ ions. During compression, structural transformation for cores in the present core-shell Eu³⁺:Y₂O₃/SiO₂ sample from cubic to monoclinic took place at 7.5 GPa, and then the monoclinic structure turned into hexagonal above 15.2 GPa. After the pressure was released, the hexagonal structure transformed back to monoclinic and the monoclinic structure was kept stable to ambient pressure.     

High pressure luminescence studies of europium doped GaN

We reported on the high pressure luminescence spectra of polycrystalline Eu-doped GaN material synthesized in the reaction between alloys of gallium, bismuth and europium in ammonia atmosphere. The integrated luminescence intensity of the dominant Eu³⁺ ion transition (⁵D₀→⁷F₂) at 622 nm increased approximately one order of magnitude whereas its spectral position and line width did not change significantly between ambient and 6.8 GPa pressure, respectively. Moreover, material was characterized with photo- and cathodo-luminescence, and photoluminescence excitation spectra at different temperatures. It was found that the Eu³⁺ ions occupying substitutional Ga site created different centers which could be effectively excited with above band gap excitation and from excitons resonantly photoexcited at the I₂ bound exciton energy. Furthermore, the less efficient Eu³⁺ ions excitation path existed through intrinsic impurities and defects generating shallow energy levels in the forbidden gap. It was proposed that reduction of the thermal quenching and consequent enhancement of Eu³⁺ ion emission intensity resulted from stronger localization of bound exciton on RESI trap induced by applied pressure.     

Magnetooptics of non-Kramers Eu3＋ ions in garnets： analysis complemented by crystal-field splitting modeling calculations

Spectra of absorption, luminescence, magnetic circular dichroism (MCD), and magnetic circular polarization of lumines-cence (MCPL) in Gd3Ga5O12:Eu3+and Eu3Ga5O12 garnets were studied within the visible...     

Emission of Eu3＋ in sol-gel oxyfluoride glass materials obtained by different preparation methods

Silica glasses doped with Eu3+ ions prepared by sol-gel methods were investigated. The X-ray diffraction(XRD) was used to verify the nature of the studied systems. Excitation and emission spectra of Eu3+ ions in sol-gel glass materials were detected. Red-to-orange luminescence intensity ratios R/O related to integrated intensities of 5D0→7F2 to 5D0→7F1 transitions and luminescence lifetimes for 5D0 state of Eu3+ ions were determined. The results indicated that spectroscopic parameters for Eu3+ ions strongly depended on reagents and their relative ratios used for sol-gel glass preparation.     

Circularly polarized luminescence of enantiopure carboline-based europium cryptates under visible light excitation

The enantiomers of carboline-based cryptates were successfully resolved by chiral HPLC.These complexes show high configurational stability under harsh conditions and their absolute configuration was determined by comparing theoretical and expe rimental electronic circular dichroism spectra.The e nantiopure cryptates exhibit strong circularly polarized luminescence with a maximum dissymmetry factor g_(lum)=0.25 for the f-f transition ~5 D_0 →~7 F_1(λ=594 nm) under visible light excitation at λ_(gx)=400 nm.     

Optical properties of Nd3+ ions doped GdTaO4 for pressure and temperature sensing

Pressure- and temperature-dependent luminescence properties of ³F_3/2 → ⁴I_9/2 transition of Nd³⁺:GdTaO₄ were studied for potential applications in optical sensing. Two isolated emission lines corresponding to ³F_3/2 (R_{2, 1}) → ⁴I_9/2 (Z₅) transitions, located at 920 and 927 nm under ambient condition, are very sensitive to pressure with coefficients of ?15.6 and ?14.5 cm^?1/GPa determined in a pressure range up to about 9 GPa. The luminescence intensity ratio between the two emission lines exhibits a large dependence with temperature in a range from 80 to 620 K, the corresponding temperature sensitivity at room temperature is similar to that of Nd³⁺:YAG. These advantages, together with the other observed features of high stable position relationship under pressure and low thermal shifts for the two emission lines indicate that Nd³⁺:GdTaO₄ is a promising candidate to be used as pressure and temperature sensors in the near-infrared spectral range.     

Photoluminescence and energy transfer in transparent glass-ceramics based on GdF3:RE3+ (RE = Tb,Eu) nanocrystals

In the present work,the transparent oxyfluoride glass-ceramic samples containing GdF_3:RE~(3+)(RE=Tb,Eu) nanocrystals(nGCs) were fabricated via controlled heat-treatment of precursor xerogels prepared using a sol-gel method.The formation of GdF_3 nanocrystalline phase from gadolinium(III) trifluoroacetate was verified based on XRD measurements.The average crystal sizes calculated from Scherrer formula were estimated to～10 nm as well as～6 nm for Tb~(3+)-and Eu~(3+)-doped samples,respectively.The optical behavior of prepared sol-gel samples was evaluated based on photoluminescence excitation(PLE) and emission spectra(PL) as well as luminescence decay analysis.Obtained samples exhibit the ~5D_4→~7F_J(J=6-3,Tb~(3+))and the ~5D_0→~7F_J(J=0-4,Eu~(3+)) emission bands recorded within the visible spectral area under excitation at near-UV(393 nm(Eu~(3+)),351,369,378 nm(Tb~(3+))) as well as middle-UV illumination(273 nm(Gd~(3+))).Additionally,based on recorded decay curves,the luminescence lifetimes(τ_m) for the ~5D_4(Tb3+) and the ~5D_0(Eu~(3+))excited states were also evaluated.In general,recorded luminescence spectra and double-exponential character of decay curves for nGCs indicate a successful migration of Tb~(3+) and Eu~(3+) dopant ions from amorphous silicate framework to lowphonon energy GdF_3 nanocrystal phase.     

Three-photon-excited fluorescence of Tb-doped CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 glass by femtosecond laser irradiation

A near infrared to visible blue, green, and red upconversion luminescence in a Tb^3＋-doped CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 glass was studied, which was excited using 800 nm femtosecond laser irradiation. The upconversion luminescence was attributed to ^5D3→^7F5, ^5D3→^7F4, ^5D3→^7F3, ^5D4→^7F6, ^5D4→^7F5, ^5D4→^7F4, and ^5D4→^7F3 transitions of Tb^3＋. The relationship between upconversion luminescence intensity and the pump power indicated that a three-photon simultaneous absorption process was dominant in this upconversion luminescence. The intense red, green, and blue upconversion luminescence of Tb^3＋-doped CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 glass may be potentially useful in developing three-dimensional display applications.     

Study on spectroscopic properties of GdOBr:RE (RE=Eu, Tb, Ce)

Rare earth ions doped gadolinium oxybromide phosphors GdOBr:RE³⁺ (RE=Eu, Tb, Ce) were synthesized by the method of solid-state reaction at high temperature, and the VUV-VIS spectroscopic properties of the phosphors were systematically investigated. Under the excitation of VUV or UV source, the phosphors doped with Eu³⁺ and Tb³⁺ show a bright and sharp emission at around 620 nm corresponding to the forced electric dipole ⁵D₀ → ⁷F₂ transition of Eu³⁺, and at around 544 nm corresponding to the ⁵D₄ → ⁷F₅ transition of Tb³⁺, respectively. For GdOBr:Ce³⁺, a broader and intense emission spanned 370–500 nm corresponding to the d-f transition of Ce³⁺ was observed. The excitation spectra were also analyzed.     

Pressure effect on optical properties and structure stability of LaPO4:Eu3+ hollow spheres

Uniform monoclinic monazite structure LaPO₄:Eu³⁺ hollow spheres were synthesized via an attractive hydrothermal method owing to the higher yield and simplicity. Photoluminescence and Raman spectra of the sample were investigated under high pressure up to 26 GPa using diamond anvil cells. At ambient pressure, the sample exhibited same luminescent properties with that of bulk monazite LaPO₄:Eu³⁺. With the increase of pressure, the emission intensity of Eu³⁺ decreased and the half-widths of transition lines increased, while emission peaks showed a red shift toward longer wavelengths due to increase in crystal-field strength. No phase transformation appeared before amorphization for monoclinic LaPO₄:Eu³⁺ hollow spheres, which was confirmed based on the analysis of high pressure Raman spectra. The large surface energy of hollow spheres was proposed to prevent the occurrence of phase transformation.     

Synthesis of CaWO4：Eu3＋ phosphor powders via ethylene glycol route and its optical properties

Eu3+ doped CaWO4 with tetragonal system were prepared at comparatively low temperature (125 ?C) in ethylene glycol medium. The phosphor was further investigated by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), photoluminescence spectrophotometer (PL), Fourier transform infra red (FT-IR) spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). XRD analysis indicated a decrease in the unit cell volume of CaWO4 with increasing Eu3+ ion concentration. It indicated the homogeneous substitution of Ca2+ ions in CaWO4 by the Eu3+ ions. TEM images showed that the particle size ranged from 20 to 200 nm and it could extend the application of the nanoparticles. The photoluminescence study showed that the intensity of electric dipole transition (5D0→7F2) at 614 nm dominated over the magnetic dipole transition (5D0→7F1) at 592 nm. The optimum concentration of Eu3+ for the highest luminescence was found to be 20 at.%. The as prepared samples were found to be dis-persible in water and methanol.     

Combustion synthesis and luminescence properties of Ca4Y6（SiO4）60：Eu3＋ red phosphor for white LEDs

Eu3＋ activated Ca4Yt（SiO4）60 phosphors were prepared by combustion synthesis method, and their morphologies and lu- minescent properties were investigated. Field scanning electron microscopy （FSEM） confirmed that the crystallite sizes of nanoparti- cles with narrow diameter ranging from 30 to 60 rim. The excitation spectra of CaaY6（SiO4）60：Etl3＋ showed that there existed two strong excitation bands at around 399 nm （TFo----~SL6） and 469 nm （TF0---＊SD2）, which were consistent with the output wavelengths of near-UV and blue LEDs, respectively. The emission spectra of Ca4Y6（SiO4）60：Eu3＋ were dominant by a red peak located at 614 nm due to the 5Do→7TF2 transition of Eu3＋. With the increase of Eu3＋concentration, the luminescence intensity of the red phosphor reached maximum and then decreased. The optimum concentration for Eug＋in Ca4Y6（SiO4）60 was 21 mol.%.     

Luminescence properties of calcium tungstate activated by lanthanide(Ⅲ) ions

Calcium tungstate phosphors activated by the Ln3+ ions(Ln=Pr, Nd, Tb, Yb) were synthesized by a traditional high-temperature solid-state method. The crystal structures and morphologies of the products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray powders diffraction(XRD) and infrared spectra(FT-IR). The samples were found to show luminescence properties(down-conversion, DC, at excitation wavelength 254 nm and up-conversion, UC, at excitation wavelength 980 nm). CaWO4 doped with Tb3+/Yb3+ showed green DC and UC luminescence characteristic of Tb(III) ion in the range of 470–660 nm, corresponding to the 5D4→7F6,5,4,3,2 electronic transition. CaWO4 doped with Pr3+/Yb3+ showed week blue, green and red(DC and UC) luminescence of Pr(III) ion, in the wavelength region of 450–700 nm. Emission peaks were ascribed to the 3P1→3H4,5,6, 3P0→3H4,5,6, 3P1→3F2 and 3P0→3F2 transitions, respectively. CaWO4 doped with Nd3+/Yb3+ phosphor emitted orange UC luminescence at 450–690 nm(2P3/2→4I15/2, 4G7/2→4I9/2,11/2,13/2) and strong near-infrared UC luminescence at 720–900 nm(4F7/2+4S3/2→4I9/2, 4F5/2+2H3/2→4I9/2, 4F3/2→4I9/2) which is the characteristic of Nd(III) ion.     

Sensitivity of a solid Eu(III) complex towards acetonitrile vapor: Structural and spectroscopic characterization

The Eu(III) nitrate complex of the meso- N,N′-bis(2-pyridylmethylene)-1,2-(R,S)-cyclohexanediamine ligand was synthesized and characterized by single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction. The crystal lattice of the complex is capable of absorbing and desorbing selectively acetonitrile molecules, at 293 K upon an acetonitrile vapor pressure of ∼0.1 × 10⁵ Pa. This process, which is partially reversible, can be easily followed by both powder X-ray diffraction (P-XRD) and Eu(III) luminescence spectroscopy. The acetonitrile molecule, located in the outer coordination sphere of the metal ion, does not affect the radiative transition probability of ⁵D₀ level of Eu(III) and also it does not activate further non-radiative channels from this level. On the other hand, this molecule is capable of affecting the energy position and intensities of the crystal field components of the ⁵D₀→⁷F₂ transition. The complex in solid form can be considered a promising material for the optical sensing of acetonitrile vapors.     

Luminescent properties of Eu~（3＋） doped Gd_2WO_6 and Gd_2（WO_4）_3 nanophosphors prepared via co-precipitation method

Eu3+ doped Gd2WO6 and Gd2(WO4)3 nanophosphors with different concentrations were prepared via a co-precipitation method. The structure and morphology of the nanocrystal samples were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), respectively. The emission spectra and excitation spectra of samples were measured. J-O parameters and quantum efficiencies of Eu3+ 5D0 energy level were calculated, and the concentration quenching of Eu3+ luminescence in different matrixes were studied. The results indicated that effective Eu3+:5D0-7F2 red luminescence could be achieved while excited by 395 nm near-UV light and 465 nm blue light in Gd2WO6 host, which was similar to the familiar Gd2(WO4)3:Eu. Therefore, the Gd2WO6:Eu red phosphors might have a potential application for white LED.     

Structural and luminescence studies of europium ions in lithium aluminium borophosphate glasses

Eu3+ doped borophosphate glasses with the chemical composition 20Li2O-30Al2O3-10B2O3-40P2O5-xEu2O3(where x=0.05 mol.%, 0.1 mol.%, 1.0 mol.%, 1.5 mol.% and 2.0 mol.%) were prepared by conventional melt quenching technique. The structural and luminescence properties of the prepared Eu3+ doped borophosphate glasses were studied and compared with reported results. The XRD pattern showed the amorphous nature of the prepared glasses. Whereas, the FTIR spectra revealed the vibrational modes in the prepared glasses. The bonding parameters( β and ?) were calculated through the excitation spectra. Judd–Ofelt(J–O) intensity parameters were calculated from the emission spectra and were used to determine transition probability(A), stimulated emission cross-section(σE P), radiative lifetime(τR) and branching ratios(βexp) for the transition 5D0→7Fj(j=1, 2, 3 and 4) of Eu3+ ions. Furthermore, the luminescence intensity ratio(R) of 5D0→7F2 to 5D0→7F1 transition was also calculated. Transition 5D0→7F2 had the highest value of stimulated emission cross-section and branching ratios and the results were comparable with the reported values. This indicated that the present glass is promising host material for Eu3+ doped fiber amplifiers.     

Synthesis,structural and optical properties of SrZrO3：Eu3＋phosphor

Eu3+ activated Sr1–xEuxZrO3(x=0.01–0.04) phosphor with perovskite structure was successfully synthesized by using combustion method.The structure,morphology and optical properties of the material were characterized by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence spectrometry.The XRD results indicated that crystals of SrZrO3:Eu3+ belongs to tetragonal perovskite system.The phosphor could be effectively excited by UV light and the emission spectra results indicated that reddish-orange luminescence of SrZrO3:Eu3+ due to magnetic dipole transition 5D0→7F1 at 593 nm was dominant.Thus,the prepared phosphor showed remarkable luminescent properties which find applications in field emission display(FED) and plasma display panel(PDP) devices.     

Local vibration around rare earth ions in alkaline earth fluorosilicate transparent glass and glass ceramics using Eu probe

By heat treating the alkaline earth fluorosilicate glass, transparent glass ceramics containing alkaline earth fluoride nanocrystallites were prepared. The luminescence spectra and phonon sideband associated with the Eu^3＋：^5D2→^7F0 in glass and glass ceramics were investigated to analyze the local environment around Eu^3＋. Judd-Ofelt parameters were also calculated from emission spectra, which indicated that the Eu^3＋ ions entered the precipitated CaF2, SrF2, and BaF2 nanocrystallites. Heat treating could not pledge Eu^3＋ ions to coordinate with F^- in the precipitated MgF2 nanocrystallites, owing to the smaller radius of Mg^2＋ than that of Eu^3＋.     

Luminescence properties of SrB4O7：Sm^2＋ for light conversion agent

A deep red-emitting SrB4O7:Sm2+ phosphor for light conversion agent was synthesized by the conventional solid-state reaction. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the phase formation of SrB4O 7:Sm2+ materials. Results of luminescence properties showed that the phosphor could be efficiently excited by the UV-vis light region from 250-500 nm, and it exhibited deep red (685 nm) emission corresponding to 5D0 → 7F0 transition of Sm 2+ . The critical quenching concentration of Sm 2+ in SrB4O7 :Sm 2+ phosphor was about 0.05, and the corresponding concentration quenching mechanism was verified to be the dipole-dipole interaction according to the Dexter’s theory. The decay times had few alterations with different concentrations in SrB4O7:xSm 2+ phosphor.     

Synthesis, crystal structure and fluorescence of a new europium complex with 2-bromobenzoate and 2,2′-bipyridine

A new complex of {[Eu2(2-BrBA)6(2,2'-bpy)2]2.CH3CH2OH·H2O} (2-BrBA=2-bromobenzoate; 2,2'-bpy=2,2'-bipyridine) was prepared by solvent method and characterized with X-ray single-crystal diffraction, IR spectroscopy, UV spectrscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The complex crystallized in triclinic crystal system, PT space group, with a=1.17196(4) nm, b=-2.36142(9) nm, c=2.59151(9) nm, a=113.266(2)°, β=101.100(2)°, and γ=94.400(2)°. Two independent dinuclear molecules were contained in the asymmetric unit. The two molecules were similar to each other. Each Eu(Ⅲ) ion was nine-coordinated with seven oxygen atoms from five 2-BrBA ligands and two ni-trogen atoms from 2,2'-bpy molecule. The carboxylate groups acted as bidentate-chelating, bidentate-bridging and chelating-bridging coor-dination modes. The complex adopted a distorted monocapped square-antiprism coordination geometry. Five peaks at 579, 591, 613, 652,and 697 nm appeared in the fluorescence spectrum, corresponding to 5D0→7F0, 5D0→7F1, 5D0→7F2, 5D0→7F3, and 5D0→7F4 transition emis-sions of the Eu(Ⅲ) ion, respectively.