两种内翅片管对流换热特性数值模拟

应用层流模型及湍流模型数值模拟方法,结合两种边界条件处理方法分别对两种纵向内翅片管内的流动与传热性能进行了研究,其中湍流计算采用可实现 k～∈两方程模型.将两种计算模型数值结果与实验结果进行了对比,结果表明:湍流模型数值模拟结果较层流更接近于实验值,同时发现两种内翅片管内流动从层流发展到湍流的临界雷诺数远小于传统光管的临界雷诺数.针对湍流模型模拟结果分别拟合出了两种内翅片管Nu-Re及f-Re的关联式,拓宽了实验数据的应用范围;通过场协同原理定量对比分析了两种内翅片管强化换热机理,研究表明纵向突起内翅片管的场协同程度好于纵向平翅片管,起到强化传热的作用.     

表面活性剂减阻流体湍流空间结构试验研究

本文应用PIV(Paticle Image Veloeimetry)和PDA(Phase Doppler Anemometry)在二维流道内对CTAC(Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Chloride)减阻流体湍流流场进行试验研究,得到减阻流体湍流速度分布。研究表明：在完全减阻区内,减阻流体的减阻性能随雷诺数的增大而增大,在过渡减阻区内,减阻流体的摩擦系数则随着雷诺数的增大而逐渐回升,最终回到与溶剂相当的水平上;减阻流体的速度分布曲线在近壁面处与牛顿流体层状速度曲线趋近,但二者并不完全重合;在流道近壁面处,水湍流流动时所能观测到的强烈的旋涡波动在减阻流体中基本消失,与此同时,在此区域内减阻流体的速度轮廓线与流道几乎平行,且该平行轮廓线部分所占比例较牛顿流体湍流流动时相应部分要大很多,减阻流体的湍流强度受到了极大的抑制。     

燃气镁合金熔化炉内气相燃烧过程的三维数值模拟

对燃气镁合金熔化炉内的三维湍流气相燃烧场特性进行了数值模拟,湍流模型采用了标准k-ε双方程模型,湍流燃烧采用有限速率/涡耗散模型,辐射换热P1模型,数值方法采用SIMPLE算法,实现了燃烧过程的数值再现,特别考察了烧嘴位置和入口流量速度因素对炉内温度场和流动场的影响,并为熔化炉的结构设计提供了一些合理化建议,为其实际运行提供了有益的参考价值。     

厢式货车尾部打孔装置减阻特性研究

对厢式货车周围流场进行了CFD数值模拟,分析了产生气动阻力的主要原因,在此基础上,设计了一种可以消除尾部漩涡场的新型打孔式空气动力学附加装置,并将装置进一步改进得到其优化模型。基于RNGk～ε紊流模型进行数值计算,分析货车周围速度场及其表面压力场,获得该新型附加装置的理论减阻率及其减阻机理。结果表明该空气动力学装置改善了厢式货车尾部湍流场,在前端加装导流罩的基础上进一步获得了6．04％的减阻率。 研究结果为厢式货车的减阻节能研究提供了理论依据和有价值的参考。     

气泡粘度对水平槽道气泡减阻率影响的数值研究

采用多相流混合模型和雷诺应力湍流模型,对水平槽道气泡减阻进行了数值模拟;同时考虑了液相湍流诱导气泡聚合、气泡尾流诱导气泡聚合、湍流涡与气泡碰撞产生破碎作用对气泡减阻的影响。在保证雷诺数以及气相体积分数不变的情况下,调查了气相粘度变化以及气泡聚合、破碎物理因素对气泡减阻率和液相湍流的影响。研究表明:减阻率和液相湍流变化与气相粘度的大小具有直接关系;气泡减阻和液相湍流抑制是因气相粘度小于液相粘度而引起的,如气相的粘度大于液相的粘度时,液相湍流则被强化、气泡减阻现象消失;当气泡体积分数较低时,气泡聚合和破碎物理现象对液相湍流和减阻率的影响很小。     

幂律流体饱和多孔介质通道中的粘性耗散效应

针对Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer流动模型,分析了幂律型非牛顿流体在填充多孔介质平板通道中强迫对流传热过程充分发展的黏性耗散效应,并比较了三个不同的黏性耗散项Darcy项、Al-Hadhrami项和Forchheimer项对流动传热率的影响。推导出了无量纲轴向流速分布和无量纲温度分布的计算表达式,并在恒热流边界条件下,利用经典Runge-Kutta法进行数值求解。模拟结果表明,布林克曼数Br、达西数Da、综合惯性参数F和幂律指数n等重要参数对无量纲温度分布有着较大的影响,同时发现不同的黏性耗散效应对流动传热特性也有着重要的影响。     

幂律流体饱和多孔介质通道中的黏性耗散效应

针对Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer流动模型,分析了幂律型非牛顿流体在填充多孔介质平板通道中强迫对流传热过程充分发展的黏性耗散效应,并比较了三个不同的黏性耗散项Darcy项、Al-Hadhrami项和Forchheimer项对流动传热率的影响。推导出了无量纲轴向流速分布和无量纲温度分布的计算表达式,并在恒热流边界条件下,利用经典Runge-Kutta法进行数值求解。模拟结果表明,布林克曼数Br、达西数Da、综合惯性参数F和幂律指数n等重要参数对无量纲温度分布有着较大的影响,同时发现不同的黏性耗散效应对流动传热特性也有着重要的影响。     

具有阻尼拉金的汽轮机末级三维流动特性研究

阻尼拉金可以有效提高汽轮机叶片的振动安全性,但是另一方面将影响叶栅通道流动,从而降低其效率.为了获得具有阻尼拉金叶片叶栅通道的详细流动状况,采用RNG k-e湍流模型、壁面函数法、结构化网格混合平面法建立了某汽轮机末级三维黏性流动的数值模型,并且对比分析了具有阻尼拉金和不具有阻尼拉金时该末级的三维黏性流动状况.结果表明...     

圆形流道内置扭带强化传热机理分析

为了分析圆形管道内置扭带的强化传热机理,用Fluent软件建立了其三维模型,模拟得到了管内流场和温度场,运用场协同原理证实了扭带强化传热的主要机理是扭带引起的螺旋流动使流体产生二次流,促进了主体流体和边界层流体的混合,提高了流场和温度场的协同性。分析了传热系数、压降与雷诺数及湍流动能的关系,提出应使换热器的湍流动能限制在一定的范围内,以获得较好的综合性能。     

自由活塞发动机电动压气机优化及熵产分析

为了使设计工况下匹配的增压器性能更优从而提高系统能量利用率,针对自由活塞发动机匹配的电动压气机,采用遗传算法对原压气机进行了优化,研究了优化前、后压气机内部流场特性,以熵产分析的方法量化了3种不可逆因素导致的流动损失,并将优化前、后压气机熵产和涡度分布对比分析,进一步明确了压气机的优化策略．结果表明：叶轮和扩压器中湍流耗散、传热耗散和黏性耗散的比例近乎为6∶3∶1．不可逆损失主要集中在叶顶间隙和叶片压力面,损失来源为间隙泄漏流与部分主流掺混形成的反向涡团．压壳中湍流耗散占比超过85%,具体表现为局部损失和沿程损失．优化后压气机等熵效率提高了6%,流道内涡团的范围、幅值大幅减小,不可逆流动损失降低．上述工作揭示了压气机流场中不同耗散机制的不可逆因素对能量损失的影响机理,为压气机气动优化设计提供指导．     

Field synergy equation for turbulent heat transfer and its application

A field synergy equation with a set of specified constraints for turbulent heat transfer developed based on the extremum entransy dissipation principle can be used to increase the field synergy between the time-averaged velocity and time-averaged temperature gradient fields over the entire fluid flow domain to optimize the heat transfer in turbulent flow. The solution of the field synergy equation gives the optimal flow field having the best field synergy for a given decrement of the mean kinetic energy, which maximizes the heat transfer. As an example, the field synergy analysis for turbulent heat transfer between parallel plates is presented. The analysis shows that a velocity field with small eddies near the boundary effectively enhances the heat transfer in turbulent flow especially when the eddy height which are perpendicular to the primary flow direction, are about half of the turbulent flow transition layer thickness. With the guide of this optimal velocity field, appropriate internal fins can be attached to the parallel plates to produce a velocity field close to the optimal one, so as to increase the field synergy and optimize the turbulent heat transfer.     

Field synergy analysis and optimization of the convective mass transfer in photocatalytic oxidation reactors

A convective mass transfer field synergy equation with a specific boundary condition for photocatalytic oxidation reactors developed based on the extremum principle of mass transfer potential capacity dissipation can be used to increase the field synergy between the velocity and contaminant concentration gradient fields over the entire fluid flow domain to enhance the convective mass transfer and increase the contaminant removal effectiveness of photocatalytic oxidation reactors. The solution of the field synergy equation gives the optimal flow field, having the best field synergy for a given viscous dissipation, which maximize the contaminant removal effectiveness. As an illustrative example, the field synergy analysis for laminar mass transfer in plate type reactors is presented. The analysis shows that generating multiple longitudinal vortex flow in the plate type reactor effectively enhances the laminar mass transfer. With the guide of the optimal velocity pattern, the discrete double-inclined ribs can be introduced in actual applications to generate the desired multi-longitudinal vortex flow, so as to enhance the laminar mass transfer, and consequently, improve the contaminant removal performance. The experimental result shows that the contaminant removal effectiveness for the discrete double-inclined ribs plate reactor is increased by 22% compared to the smooth plate reactor.     

Two energy conservation principles in convective heat transfer optimization

Improving heat transfer performance is very beneficial to energy conservation because heat transfer processes widely existed in energy utilization systems. In this contribution, in order to effectively optimize convective heat transfer, such two principles as the field synergy principle and the entransy dissipation extremum principle are investigated to reveal the physical nature of the entransy dissipation and its intrinsic relationship with the field synergy degree. We first established the variational relations of the entransy dissipation and the field synergy degree with the heat transfer performance, and then derived the optimization equation of the field synergy principle and made comparison with that of the entransy dissipation extremum principle. Finally the theoretical analysis is then validated by the optimization results in both a fin-and-flat tube heat exchanger and a foursquare cavity. The results show that, for prescribed temperature boundary conditions, the above two optimization principles both aim at maximizing the total heat flow rate and their optimization equations can effectively obtain the best flow pattern. However, for given heat flux boundary conditions, only the optimization equation based on the entransy dissipation extremum principle intends to minimize the heat transfer temperature difference and could get the optimal velocity and temperature fields.     

MHD-conjugate heat transfer analysis for a vertical flat plate in presence of viscous dissipation and heat generation

In this paper, the effects of magnetic field, viscous dissipation and heat generation on natural convection flow of an incompressible, viscous and electrically conducting fluid along a vertical flat plate in the presence of conduction are investigated. Numerical solutions for the governing momentum and energy equations are given. A discussion is provided for the effects of magnetic parameter, viscous dissipation parameter and heat generation parameter on two-dimensional flow. Detailed analysis of the velocity profile, temperature distribution, skin friction, rate of heat transfer and the surface temperature distribution are shown graphically.     

岛屿地貌单元的湍流能耗物理模型试验

岛屿地貌单元是珠江三角洲发育演变过程中的沉积核心,研究其消能机制,对理解河口动力过程及三角洲发育演变有重要意义。通过建立岛屿地貌单元的湍流能耗特性概化物理模型,基于16 MHz ADV采集高频流速数据,统计了时均及湍流特征量,并利用惯性耗散法分析了岛屿地貌单元的湍流动能耗率。结果表明,相同控制条件下岛屿地貌单元的形态阻力致使尾流中紊动强度量值为明渠的2~3倍,湍流剪切应力及湍流动能较明渠水流的大近1个数量级,湍流动能耗散率比明渠水流湍流动能耗散率大1~2个数量级。岛屿地貌单元的局部形态阻力导致尾流时均流速的空间梯度、切应力增大是湍流能耗率增大的原因。岛屿地貌单元的汇流作用增加了下游尾流区的水流掺混,并在尾流区域形成大量微尺度涡,导致区域湍流能耗作用增强,有利于岛屿沉积核心发育。研究成果有助于理解河口动力及三角洲的发育演变过程。     

Heat Transfer and Thermal Resistance Characteristics of Fin with Built-In Interrupted Delta Winglet Type

The heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics of a new type of fin with built-in interrupted delta winglets is studied in this paper by three-dimensional numerical simulation. In order to ensure reliability of numerical model, plate fin with common-flow-up delta winglets is firstly simulated. The comparison of numerical and experimental results shows a maximum deviation of 11.4% within the entire range of Reynolds number. The computational results show that heat transfer capacity and overall performance increase by 35–60% and 19–64%, respectively. The flow field visualization shows that the interrupted delta winglets can produce longitudinal vortices at the rear of delta winglets and reduce the wake zone behind the tube, so the proposed fin can enhance heat transfer accompanied by low pressure loss. The field synergy theory and entransy dissipation extremum principle are employed on analyzing the mechanism of heat transfer enhancement. The results indicate that enhancement heat transfer mechanism of interrupted delta winglets can be explained as the result of the decrease of synergy angle and reduction of the entransy dissipation.     

Darcy–Forchheimer MHD radiative flow through a porous space incorporating viscous dissipation,heat source,and chemical reaction effect across an exponentially stretched surface

The impacts of viscous dissipation, Brownian motion, and the thermophoresis caused by temperature gradient on the steady two-dimensional incompressible chemically reactive and radiative flow of traditional fluid through an exponentially stretched sheet embedded in a Darcy porous media are explored by approaching boundary layer analysis. A magnetic field effect is also addressed along the transverse direction of the horizontal stretched sheet. With the implementation of some suitable nondimensional quantities, the regulating nonlinear partial differential equations, which represent the flow geometry, are transformed into coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations. To acquire the numerical findings from this set of equations, a three-stage Lobatto IIIa, in-built MATLAB scheme named, Bvp4c is used. The effects of the dimensionless physical factors on the flow, heat, and concentration profile, as well as on the coefficient of drag force and the rate of thermal and mass transit at the surface, are graphically and numerically depicted. The thermal profile, as well as the magnitude of the coefficient of the drag force and the Sherwood number, is found to be escalated with the Darcy–Forchheimer factor, but the depreciation in the value of temperature gradient at the wall is noticed for the same.     

Analytical Study on Forced Convection of Nanofluids With Viscous Dissipation in Microchannels

This article presents an analytical study on forced convection of laminar fully developed flow of incompressible, constant-property nanofluids in microchannels. Closed-form solutions for the temperature distributions in the radial direction with the incorporation of viscous dissipation are obtained under isoflux boundary condition. The effects of the governing parameters, including modified Brinkman number, thermal conductivity ratio, and nanoparticle volume fraction of the nanofluids, on the temperature distributions are investigated and analyzed for both heating and cooling processes. The heat transfer performance characterized by the Nusselt number is investigated based on the effects induced by these parameters. In the comparison between the models with and without viscous dissipation, it is found that the thermal performance of a microchannel is overrated when viscous dissipation is excluded in the analysis. It is concluded that these governing parameters are intimately interrelated in the flow and thermal analyses of nanofluids in microchannels. The interrelationship of the viscous dissipation effect and the nanoparticle volume fraction is examined in a contour deviation map of Nusselt numbers between the model with and without considering the viscous dissipation.     

The forced air cooling heat dissipation performance of different battery pack bottom duct

Due to the requirement of the battery for the thermal management system, based on the coupling relationship between the velocity field and the thermal flow field of the field synergy principle, the flow paths of the forced air cooling system for different battery packs were analyzed. First, the thermodynamic parameters of the battery were collected through experiments and verified by simulation. Secondly, based on the collected thermodynamic parameters of the battery, the heat generation model of the battery, the heat conduction model of the gas, and the coupled heat dissipation model of the battery and air were established. Determine the boundary conditions, calculation methods and evaluation indicators required for simulation; Finally, based on four different driving conditions, the forced air cooling performance of the double “U” shape duct and double “1” type duct is simulated. Through the analysis of the results, the dual “U” air ducts have a more heat dissipation effect on the battery pack than the double “1” shape duct. The results conform to the definition of the field synergy principle for the coupling relationship between the velocity field and the heat flow field. Then research provide references for the design of battery packs and matching of cooling systems.