叶片包角对高比转速离心泵固液两相非定常特性的影响

为了分析叶片包角在固液两相流下对高比转速离心泵非定常特性的影响,采用ANSYS CFX软件和Mixture多相流模型对5种不同叶片包角离心泵的固液两相流进行了非定常数值模拟,分析了叶片包角对固液两相流离心泵瞬时扬程、压力脉动及径向力的影响。研究表明:随着叶片包角每增大10°,固液两相流离心泵的瞬时扬程有所降低,波动时间会延迟0.001 s;流道内及隔舌处的压力值越来越小,脉动幅值越来越大,压力波动时间向后延迟0.001 s;叶轮上的径向力会增大,隔舌处的径向力会减小,受力方均向顺时针偏转;不同包角下的固液两相流离心泵叶轮流道内的压力脉动主频均出现在转频处,隔舌处的压力脉动主频出现在叶频处。其中,叶片包角φ=120°是叶轮流道内压力值和压力脉动幅值增减速度快慢的分界点,也是隔舌处的压力脉动幅值最小值点。     

颗粒浓度对高比转速离心泵非定常特性的影响

为了分析颗粒浓度对高比转速离心泵非定常特性的影响,采用Mixture混合多相流模型,利用CFX软件进行数值模拟,分析了不同颗粒浓度时的瞬时湍动能、压力脉动及径向力。研究表明:随着颗粒浓度的增加,效率有所下降,清水条件下的离心泵效率最优;随着颗粒浓度的增大,叶轮内的瞬时湍动能明显增强,叶轮流道内及隔舌处的压力值均减小,脉动幅值均增大,作用在叶轮上的径向力会增大,而作用在隔舌处的径向力会减小;在不同颗粒浓度下,叶轮流道内的压力脉动主频均出现在转频处;隔舌处的压力脉动主频出现在叶频处;叶轮流道内、隔舌处的压力值和压力脉动幅值增减速度快慢的分界点和叶轮上、隔舌处的径向力增减速度快慢的分界点均在颗粒浓度为1%附近。     

径向导叶对高速离心泵非定常流动影响的分析

应用计算流体力学技术对带导叶与不带导叶高速离心泵的内部流场进行定常及非定常数值模拟,从而预测出带导叶与不带导叶两种方案下的外特性曲线走势情况。同时得到了流体流经关键位置时在不同工况下的压力脉动情况,并对相应的时域图及频域图进行了对比分析。结果表明,带有导叶的高速离心泵相比于无导叶离心泵扬程较高,扬程曲线更加平缓,同时在大流量工况下,高速离心泵效率更高也更稳定。从时域图分析,不同工况下两种方案中的高速离心泵压力脉动存在明显的周期性,其中带有导叶的高速离心泵在大流量工况下压力脉动幅值相对较小,不带导叶的高速离心泵在小流量下压力脉动幅值相对较小;从频域图分析看,两种方案中的高速泵都是在一倍叶频处存在较大峰值,即动静干涉作用是引起压力脉动的主要因素,同时通过对比,在不同工况下带有导叶的高速离心泵在二倍叶频处峰值较小,说明添加径向导叶对缓解动静干涉起到一定作用。通过比较不同方案下监测点压力脉动平均值及峰值曲线图,说明在高速泵中加装径向导叶可以有效地发挥扩压作用,降低液流速度,充分将速度能转化为压能。结合上述结论,可以得出带导叶高速离心泵适合在大流量高工况下运行,如消防灭火,石油化工,航空航天等领域。     

叶片包角对双蜗壳离心泵水力特性的影响

为研究叶片包角对双蜗壳离心泵水力特性的影响,用数值模拟的方法研究了ZHA235-250-400型双蜗壳离心泵在不同包角下外特性、内流场及蜗壳内压力脉动,然后进行了离心泵水力性能实验。结果表明:随着叶片包角的变化,双蜗壳离心泵内部压力变化较大,当包角为130°时压力分布对称性较好,可有效平衡径向力;包角的增大会减小相对液流角,使双蜗壳离心泵的扬程和效率下降;蜗壳内部压力脉动主频是叶频及其倍频,叶片包角影响蜗壳内压力脉动,隔板起始端和隔舌是蜗壳频率脉动源的主要部分;当叶片包角为130°时,各监测点处的压力脉动幅值最低,动静干涉影响最小。     

叶片厚度分布对两级离心泵空化性能的影响

针对叶片厚度分布对两级离心泵空化性能的影响,通过对第一级叶轮叶片的厚度分布进行优化,研究其对泵外特性、压力脉动以及流体激励力的影响。结果表明：采用线性厚度分布的对称叶片时,前缘厚度对空化性能的影响最大,叶片越薄,泵的抗空化能力越强;随着尾缘变厚,压力脉动幅值向叶轮进口方向偏移,且随着叶片厚度减小,压力脉动幅值相应减小。第一级叶轮流道内的压力脉动主频为干涉叶频,保留高幅低频的宽频特征,所受空间三向力的脉动主频为2倍叶频,轴向力较小,脉动幅值较低,径向力的主要信号成分是叶频和2倍叶频。     

螺旋混流式喷水推进泵压力脉动的数值研究

为研究螺旋混流式喷水推进泵动静干涉的压力脉动特性,运用ANSYS Fluent软件基于RNGκ-ε湍流模型,采用SIMPLEC算法进行变流量工况下非定常数值模拟,分析变流量工况下泵内各监测点的时域和频域特性。结果表明,螺旋混流式喷水推进泵内压力脉动的振源主要位于叶轮与导叶交界处,压力系数的幅值最大,且压力脉动自交界面处分别向上、下游传播并逐渐减弱。在叶轮旋转区域,压力系数的幅值受径向位置的影响较强,在导叶静止区域,压力系数的幅值受径向位置的影响较弱。各监测点压力脉动的主频不受流量变化的影响,均为叶片通过频率。在叶轮进出口,压力系数受流量变化影响最为明显;叶轮出口处的压力脉动频谱较宽。在远离叶轮旋转区域,压力系数受流量变化的影响较小,监测点的主频集中在叶频处,压力脉动幅值较小,无高频脉动出现。研究成果可为喷水推进泵的噪声及振动控制提供参考。     

颗粒直径及浓度对高速离心泵非定常特性的影响

为探究不同颗粒直径、颗粒浓度对高速离心泵非定常特性的影响,以一台比转速为67的高速离心泵作为研究对象,利用ANSYS CFX软件建立的Mixture混合多相流模型进行了数值模拟计算,分析了高速泵的外特性、内部流场以及压力脉动变化规律。计算结果表明:随着颗粒体积分数的增加,效率最优工况点在向小流量处偏移,并且叶轮进口越偏向大流量工况,效率下降得越快,适当增加颗粒直径,对固液两相流的输送有积极作用;在不同颗粒浓度下,叶轮流道内的压力脉动主频均出现在叶频及倍频处,在颗粒体积分数为0.65%、颗粒直径为D=0.15 mm时,随着进口流量的增加,固相体积在叶轮流道处占比逐渐减小,在叶轮进口处颗粒占比逐渐增大;随着颗粒浓度的增大,叶轮流道内及隔舌处的压力均减小,叶轮流道内、隔舌处的压力和叶轮的径向力增减速度快慢的分界点在颗粒直径D=0.1 mm附近。     

叶轮进口边型线对两级离心泵空化及非定常流动特性的影响

针对叶片进口边型线对两级离心泵空化及内部非定常流动特性的影响,在保持泵体和其他几何参数不变的情况下,通过改变第一级叶轮叶片进口边曲率,计算了两级离心泵内的空化及非定常流动。获得了空化性能曲线、第一级叶轮流道内测点的压力脉动和第一级叶轮的受力情况。结果表明:进口边对临界空化余量、压力脉动和受力情况的影响不具有单调性,而是存在最优值;压力脉动的主导频率为15倍轴频,并且压力脉动出现高幅低频现象;轴向力和径向力的脉动主频分别为轴频和2倍叶频;径向力的波动幅值远小于空间x,y方向受力的波动幅值。     

不同流量下高速离心泵压力脉动特性分析

为掌握高速离心泵内压力脉动变化规律及其脉动源,采用CFX软件对其内部流场进行数值模拟,分析其不同监测点在0.4Qd~1.2Qd(设计流量)的压力脉动特性。研究表明:蜗壳与隔舌的动静干扰是主要的压力脉动源,且在叶轮出口处压力波动幅值最大,其主要频率为叶片通过频率;吸力面的压力要比压力面小,压力面在叶频附近的波动变化区域较大;流量在0.6Qd及以下时,整体压力幅值变化较其他流量时更为剧烈;压力脉动沿流道方向向下游扩散段传递,在蜗壳出口处压力值最小;大流量下的流线较为平滑,而小流量下流线变得紊乱,流量越小流线的扭曲就越严重。     

低比转速混流式水轮机流动噪声数值模拟

为预测低比转速混流式水轮机的主要流动噪声,采用重整化群RNGκ-ε模型和FW-H模型,计算了不同导叶与转轮叶片径向间距时水轮机导叶与转轮壁面上压力脉动构成的偶极子声源产生的流动噪声,分析了导叶与转轮叶片径向间距对水轮机压力脉动及噪声特性的影响,以及压力脉动与流动噪声之间的关系。结果表明,导叶末端和转轮叶片进口背面压力脉动最剧烈,是主要的偶极子噪声源,压力脉动和流动噪声的离散噪声在叶频及其谐频处出现峰值;随导叶与转轮叶片径向间距增大,压力脉动幅值减小,流动噪声减小,因此适当增大水轮机导叶与转轮叶片径向间距是一种有效降低流动噪声的途径。     

Numerical investigation of influence of the clocking effect on the unsteady pressure fluctuations and radial forces in the centrifugal pump with vaned diffuser

The relative position between the diffuser vane and the volute tongue (clocking effect) has a great effect on the performance of the single-stage centrifugal pump, which however, is often ignored by designers. In this paper, the influence of clocking effect on the unsteady pressure fluctuation in a centrifugal pump and on the radial force of impeller is investigated. The hydrodynamic performance of the centrifugal pump with vaned diffuser was experimentally measured. Numerical simulation based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) combined with the SST k-w turbulence model was used to obtain hydrodynamic performance of the centrifugal pump. The numerical results of the hydrodynamic performance were in agreement with the experimental data. The results show that the clocking effect has great influence on the pressure fluctuation and on the unsteady radial force imposed on the impeller. When the diffuser vane approaches the volute tongue, the pressure fluctuation intensity in volute is relatively lower. Meanwhile, relatively larger radial force on the impeller and the lower efficiency are obtained when the diffuser vane is near the volute tongue. Thus, it is suggested that the volute tongue should be located near the middle of two diffuser vanes to obtain better performance.     

叶片数对低比转速离心泵性能影响分析

振动及空化是影响离心泵性能的重要因素。为了进一步优化流道,提高离心泵的性能,在保证离心泵其他参数不变的情况下,设计了3种不同叶片数叶轮。对3种离心泵进行全流道三维非定常湍流数值模拟,分析叶片数对离心泵性能的影响。结果显示:不同叶片数离心泵在两个监测点的压力脉动主频都是相对应的叶片通过频率,次频为叶片通过频率的倍频。叶片数的变化对隔舌处的压力脉动变化影响较大。随着叶片数的增加,离心泵的扬程逐渐增大,离心泵的效率变化比较复杂,当叶片数为5时,离心泵的效率最高。随着进口压力的不断降低,离心泵叶轮所受扭矩发生变化,在临界空化余量附近,泵扭矩发生陡降。     

Numerical simulation of flow in centrifugal pump with complex impeller

Based on the Navier-Stokes equations and the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model, three dimensional turbulent flow fields in centrifugal pump with long-mid-short blade complex impeller are calculated and analyzed numerically. The relative velocity and pressure distributions in the flowpart are obtained. It is found that the flow in the passage of the complex impeller is unsymmetrical due to the joint action between volute and impeller. The back-flow region is at inlet of long-blade suction side, near middle part of long-blade pressure side and outlet of short-blade suction side. The flow near volute throat is affected greatly by volute. The relative velocity is large and it is easy to bring back flow at outlet of the complex impeller near volute throat. The static and total pressure rise uniformly from inlet to outlet in the impeller. At impeller outlet, the pressure periodically decreases from pressure side to suction side, and then the static pressure sharply rise near the throat. The experimental results show that the back flow in the impeller has an important influence on the performance of pump.     

叶轮斜切对导叶式离心泵特性的影响

为改善试验离心泵扬程曲线驼峰,斜切叶轮16.4°,通过试验探索泵扬程、效率、轴功率的变化,同时利.用标准SST湍流模型对主要工况Q(Q为额定流量)、0.7Q进行非定常数值模拟,研究叶轮斜切对泵压力脉动和叶轮径向力的影响。试验结果表明,叶轮斜切后各工况扬程均有下降,驼峰区减小;效率有所提高,在0.6Q附近效率增大最多(约2.1%);轴功率曲线整体下移,其中大流量区间轴功率减小更多。数值模拟结果表明,叶轮斜切前后的压力脉动主频均为叶片通过频率,斜切叶轮降低了各工况主频和高频的幅值;1个叶轮.旋转周期内的径向力变化轨迹与导叶叶片数有关,且不论叶轮斜切与否,Q工况径向力大于0.7Q,叶轮斜切使两工况的叶轮径向力下降约41%。     

The change of the inlet geometry of a centrifugal compressor stage and its influence on the compressor performance

The impact on the compressor performance is important for designing the inlet pipe of the centrifugal compressor of a vehicle turbocharger with different inlet pipes. First, an experiment was performed to determine the compressor performance from three cases: a straight inlet pipe, a long bent inlet pipe and a short bent inlet pipe. Next, dynamic sensors were installed in key positions to collect the sign of the unsteady pressure of the centrifugal compressor. Combined with the results of numerical simulations, the total pressure distortion in the pipes, the pressure distributions on the blades and the pressure variability in the diffuser are studied in detail. The results can be summarized as follows: a bent pipe results in an inlet distortion to the compressor, which leads to performance degradation, and the effect is more apparent as the mass flow rate increases. The distortion induced by the bent inlet is not only influenced by the distance between the outlet of the bent section and the leading edge of the impeller but also by the impeller rotation. The flow fields in the centrifugal impeller and the diffuser are influenced by a coupling effect produced by the upstream inlet distortion and the downstream blocking effect from the volute tongue. If the inlet geometry is changed, the distributions and the fluctuation intensities of the static pressure on the main blade surface of the centrifugal impeller and in the diffuser are changed accordingly.     

Numerical Study of Pressure Pulsation of Centrifugal Pumps with the Compressible Mode

The compressible effect of water is often neglected in the simulation of hydraulic machinery. However, based on experimental and numerical study, it is found that the compressibility of water could influence the magnitude of the pressure pulsation at some frequency in the pump. Therefore, in order to investigate the influence of water compressibility, compressible model is established by using Tait equation. The internal flow of centrifugal pump under different conditions is calculated by this model. The calculated results are compared with the incompressible results, and it is indicated that the compressibility of water has little effect on the performance parameters. But it affects the amplitude of pressure fluctuations at some discrete frequency, especially at the outlet of impeller and volute tongue where significant jet-wake and rotor/stator interaction appears respectively. Meanwhile, water compressibility makes greater influence on the flow pulsation under off-design condition. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the compressibility of working medium in the numerical simulation of unsteady flow in centrifugal pumps, especially in area with strong unsteady flow and at off-design condition.     

Correlation Research between Turbulent Pressure Pulsation and Internal Sound Field Characteristics of Centrifugal Pump

In order to study the correlation between the internal flow noise of the centrifugal pump and the turbulent pressure pulsation,a single-stage single-suction centrifugal pump was used as the research object by the combination of numerical calculation and experiment.Based on the RNG k-?model and the N-S equation,the model pump was simulated numerically by CFD.A dipole sound source was extracted by the turbulent pulse action of the volute wall surface according to the FW-H equation.The acoustic field of the model pump was solved on the basis of the boundary element method,and the sound pressure distribution of the internal flow field under the action of the dipole sound source of the volute wall and the frequency response of the inlet and outlet fields were obtained.The results show that the distribution of hydrodynamic noise inside the centrifugal pump is related to the pressure pulsation,presenting obvious dipole distribution and disturbance at the tongue.The sound pressure value of the field is mainly concentrated in the blade passing frequency and double frequency,in which the blade passing frequency is the strongest,and the sound pressure value decreases obviously under other double frequency.The main frequency of hydrodynamic noise is the blade passing frequency.     

三级轴流式油气混输泵内流场压力脉动特性

为研究轴流式油气混输泵含气工况级间相互影响以及流道内压力脉动特性,应用Fluent软件数值模拟了三级油气混输泵在设计流量下的全流场瞬态,获得了混输泵内两相运动特征和流动部件内压力脉动情况,并分析了压力脉动时域和频域。结果表明,动静干涉是产生静压波动的主要因素,静压波动均值从入口到出口逐渐增大,级内动静交界处耦合作用较小,级间动静交界处耦合作用则较为明显。各级压缩单元叶轮进口均为脉动最剧烈的地方,距离叶轮进口越远,压力脉动幅值越小,在叶轮出口达到最小。在压缩单元内,流动方向的压力脉动主频幅值逐渐降低。首级叶轮出口、二级叶轮中间和出口以及末级叶轮中间位置压力脉动频率主要为2倍叶频,其他监测点压力脉动频率均为1倍叶频。气相对压力脉动频率影响较小,仅影响幅值。研究结果可为混输泵的结构优化设计及流动诱导振动控制提供参考。