双重退火对激光增材制造TC18钛合金组织和性能的影响

利用拉伸试验机、扫描电镜和金相显微镜等手段,研究了双重退火工艺(890℃×1 h/FC+750℃×2 h/AC,570℃×4 h/AC)对激光增材沉积和修复两种状态的TC18钛合金的组织和力学性能的影响,并与原始锻件TC18钛合金进行比较。结果表明,激光增材修复试样微观组织为典型的类铸态组织,主要由层状β晶粒组成。激光增材修复试样经双重退火后为魏氏组织,原始β晶界仍清晰可见,晶内分布着交错的(α+β)集束。经双重退火后,激光增材沉积试样强度低于锻件,塑性高于锻件,激光增材修复试样的性能介于两者之间,其冲击性能比锻件的冲击性能高约60%。激光增材沉积、激光增材修复两种状态经退火热处理后力学性能都能达到TC18锻件规定值。     

激光选区熔化复合制造TC4钛合金组织性能研究

采用选区激光熔化技术(SLM)在锻造后的TC4合金基体上制备TC4钛合金增材/锻件复合成形件，并采用金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、显微维氏硬度计和拉伸试验机等试验设备，分析了不同SLM参数下TC4钛合金复合成形件微观组织及力学性能。结果表明：复合试样微观组织分为锻件基体区、结合区以及增材区三个区域。增材区与锻件区之间界线清晰，无未熔合、气孔、裂纹等缺陷。锻件区组织为等轴组织，增材区为相互交错的针状α′马氏体组织。性能试验结果表明：增材区和结合区抗拉强度及屈服强度均显著优于锻件；其中结合区强度最高，增材区次之。综合考虑强度和塑性，激光功率为280 W,扫描速率为1100 mm/s下得到的复合试样拉伸性能最好。     

激光成形修复TC4合金锻件的低周疲劳性能

采用激光成形修复技术制备了TC4合金锻件的面修复试样,对修复试样的显微组织、拉伸性能、低周疲劳性能进行了研究。激光修复区组织由粗大原始β柱状晶粒及晶内细长的α针及编织细密的α+β板条组织组成,热影响区组织呈现从锻件基体组织向修复区组织的连续变化,修复区与锻件基体为致密的冶金结合。对两组面修复试样分别进行去应力退火和去应力退火+喷丸处理后,测试获得了激光成形修复TC4合金锻件的低周疲劳曲线,由于面修复试样的拉伸性能与锻件相比强度高而塑性低,因此两组修复试样的疲劳寿命在低应变区高于TC4模锻件,此区强度对疲劳寿命起主要作用;而在高应变区低于模锻件,此区塑性对疲劳寿命起主要作用。修复试样经喷丸处理后,无论在高应变区还是在低应变区,其疲劳寿命都有所提高,并且在高应变区接近TC4模锻件水平,而在低应变区则高出模锻件一个数量级。     

激光修复TC4钛合金显微组织与力学性能（英文）

以低氧TC4粉末为熔覆材料,采用激光修复技术制备了TC4钛合金面修复试样,对比研究了锻件和修复试样(沉积态)的显微组织和力学性能。结果显示:修复试样的组织宏观上分为锻件基材区、热影响区和激光沉积区,3个区域中热影响区的显微硬度最高,沉积区和锻件基材的显微硬度相当。锻件试样的强度及塑性均略高于修复试样,同时发现40%修复试样(即拉伸试样承受载荷部位横截面上沉积区所占的面积分数为40%)的强度略低于50%修复试样,塑性则高于后者。表明采用低氧TC4粉末为熔覆材料时,有利于修复试样沉积区和基材区强度和塑性的匹配,从而提高修复试样的综合性能。对拉伸断口进行扫描电镜观察发现,锻件试样拉伸失效后断口呈现出典型的韧性断裂特征,而修复试样的断口则表现复杂,从沉积区到锻件基材区呈现出解理台阶到韧窝的连续变化特征,同时断口形貌与显微组织呈现出很好的对应关系。     

激光修复TC4钛合金显微组织与力学性能

本文以低氧TC4粉末为熔覆材料,采用激光修复技术制备了TC4钛合金面修复试样,对比研究了锻件和修复试样(沉积态)的显微组织和力学性能。结果显示修复试样的组织宏观上分为锻件基材区,热影响区和激光沉积区,三个区域中热影响区的显微硬度最高,沉积区和锻件基材的显微硬度相当。锻件试样的强度及塑性均略高于修复试样,同时发现40%修复试样(即拉伸试样承受载荷部位横截面上沉积区所占的面积分数为40%)的强度略低于50%修复试样,塑性则高于后者。表明采用低氧TC4粉末为熔覆材料时,有利于修复试样沉积区和基材区强度和塑性的匹配,从而提高修复试样的综合性能。对拉伸断口进行扫描电镜观察发现,锻件试样拉伸失效后断口呈现出典型的韧性断裂特征,而修复试样的断口则表现复杂,从沉积区到锻件基材区呈现出解理台阶到韧窝的连续变化特征,同时断口形貌与显微组织呈现出很好的对应关系。     

飞机用钛合金零件的激光快速修复

针对TC4钛合金锻件误加工造成的铣槽和面尺寸超差进行了激光快速修复研究。修复区与锻件基体之间形成致密冶金结合，修复区组织为柱状原始声晶界内编织细密的α＋β网篮组织，晶内α板条的宽度〈1μm。修复过程中发现粉末状况、激光加工参数影响到修复区中气孔、层间或道间熔合不良等缺陷的形成，通过采用粉末真空干燥处理、优化工艺参数等方法获得了修复区内无气孔、熔合不良等缺陷的修复试样。修复试样的室温静载拉伸性能测试结果表明，其抗拉强度达到1000MPa，屈服强度达到925MPa，延伸率为8．0％，接近锻件本体性能。     

中温高强TC11和TC19钛合金锻件组织与性能研究

针对航空发动机压气机整体叶盘等部件所使用的TC11、TC192种中温高强钛合金锻件，基于其各自典型使用状态，开展了组织形貌和不同条件下拉伸性能、冲击韧度以及保载/无保载条件下低周疲劳性能的对比分析研究。结果表明：TC11钛合金锻件呈现典型的双态组织，TC19钛合金锻件呈现全片层网篮组织；TC19钛合金锻件在100～400℃下的拉伸强度明显优于TC11钛合金锻件。TC19钛合金锻件的高温缺口冲击韧度值明显高于TC11钛合金锻件，在100℃和855 MPa峰值应力载荷下，TC19钛合金锻件的保载和无保载疲劳寿命均明显高于TC11钛合金锻件，且2种合金均存在一定的保载效应。     

激光增材修复Ti60钛合金显微组织及力学性能

本文对整体叶盘材料Ti60钛合金进行激光增材修复,研究其显微组织及力学性能。结果表明,热影响区组织呈现由基体区双态组织向修复区网篮组织的过渡特征,平均宽度约为900 μm。修复区主要由贯穿多个沉积层的外延生长的柱状晶组成,柱状晶内为分布均匀的α相网篮组织。三个区域内均弥散分布着Ti3(Sn, Al)小平面相,尺寸相近,其形貌和含量却因制备工艺凝固速度的不同而差异明显。三个区域硬度相当。拉伸试样断口特征表明激光增材修复Ti60钛合金的断裂机制为混合型断裂,平均抗拉强度和屈服强度分别为992.4 MPa和916.6 MPa,优于Ti60钛合金锻件强度标准,断后伸长率和断面收缩率的平均值为8.5%和14.6%,与Ti60钛合金锻件标准相差不大,达到实际工程应用要求。     

退火工艺对增材制造TC18钛合金力学性能和组织的影响

采用显微组织观察和力学性能测试等方法研究了退火工艺参数对增材制造TC18钛合金力学性能和组织的影响。结果表明,增材制造TC18钛合金试块宏观形貌平整,表面没有裂纹等缺陷,表面呈均匀的银白色。试样经600 ℃退火保温2 h后的各项力学性能均满足GJB 2744A—2007指标要求,其规定塑性延伸强度为1036 MPa,抗拉强度为1084 MPa,断后伸长率为9.8%,断面收缩率为30%。增材制造TC18钛合金的组织为典型的柱状晶组织,粗大的β相柱状晶粒内为细长的针状α相及编织细密的α+β相板条组织;随着退火温度的升高,β相柱状晶内的针状α相逐渐粗化。     

选区激光熔化TC4试样的力学性能及微观组织分析

采用选区激光熔化技术成形TC4试样,研究了线扫描功率、曝光时间和退火处理对TC4成形试样微观组织和性能的影响。结果表明,试样的缺陷随线扫描功率的升高而减少。线扫描功率在400 W,曝光时间为30μs,经过退火处理后,试样抗拉强度达到1153MPa,高出普通TC4钛合金锻件近300MPa,同时,试样的拉伸断面总体呈脆性断裂。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.