一种基于海量数据挖掘的设备状态预测算法

提出了一种基于海量数据挖掘的设备状态预警算法。工业设备有大量的历史运行数据,并且实时采样的数据维度多,数据量大,算法首先对设备良好运行状态下的大量历史数据进行自适应聚类分析,建立设备的数学模型,并根据此类模型和设备运行的实时状态值对设备的运行状态进行预测。该算法充分考虑工业应用的实际需求,自动确定聚类的数目,解决了传统聚类算法处理海量历史数据时的开销大和效率低的问题,并且保证了回归预测过程的高效性。仿真实验表明,该算法能够有效地处理海量数据,并且能够实时得到预测值,实现对设备的实时监控预测。     

基于HMM2的时间序列凝聚聚类算法

为弥补传统的基于隐M arkov模型在前提假设上的不足,提出了二阶隐马尔可夫模型。在研究二阶隐马尔可夫模型和凝聚算法在时空序列分析的基础上,提出了一种新的基于 HMM2的时间序列凝聚算法。该算法应用 HMM2对时间序列进行建模,合理考虑了概率和模型历史状态的关联性,按照相异度原则将序列聚成几个类,每个类用模型代表,进而对这些模型训练、合并及迭代得到聚类结果。实验比较了该算法与基于HMM算法的聚类质量,研究了聚类正确率与聚类数、距离正确率与模型距离的关系。结果表明,该算法比传统的基于HMM的聚类算法具有更好的性能。     

蚁群聚类算法的并行化设计与实现

蚁群聚类是一种有效的聚类方法,已在数据分析等领域获得广泛应用.MPI并行计算提供高效的数据处理方案,研究蚁群聚类算法的并行化是目前具有挑战性的研究课题.首先介绍了基于传统编程模型的解决TSP问题的蚁群优化算法,以及蚁群优化算法和K-means结合的聚类方法,描述了它们的基本原理和实现过程.然后,对基于传统编程模型的聚类算法进行MPI并行化改进,实现了基于MPI并行计算的蚁群聚类算法.最后,分别采用Iris、Wine、Zoo3个UCI数据集和Reuter-21578文本数据集进行多次测试,对基于传统编程模型的聚类算法和基于MPI并行计算的聚类算法进行性能和效率上的比较,得出基于MPI并行计算的聚类算法更优的结论.     

基于聚类支持向量机的船用污水处理装置故障诊断

针对船用污水处理装置状态监测与故障诊断问题,提出了一种聚类支持向量机的故障诊断算法模型。该算法模型首先采用神经网络聚类算法将设备监测状态样本空间聚类分析出正常与异常子空间,再对异常子空间构造多分类支持向量机对故障进行诊断识别。该算法模型避免了盲目故障分类,提高了分类性能。通过对某船用污水处理装置实测样本的训练和检验表明,该算法具有较好的泛化性和推广能力。     

基于文本—链接模型和近邻传播算法的网页聚类*

关于网页聚类的研究已经提出多种基于文本—链接模型的聚类算法,其中应用最广泛的便是MS模型。针对MS模型在效率和计算精度方面的不足,提出了改进的TLMS模型。新模型通过将词聚成词簇、链接向量聚成链接簇的方法将MS模型的词空间和链接空间进行大幅的压缩,并应用近邻传播算法替代传统的K-means算法对网页进行聚类。实验证明,TLMS模型+近邻传播算法聚类精度高、执行效率好。     

基于模糊聚类的电力供应链安全风险监测研究

在电力供应链安全风险监测中,针对传统方法下的电力供应链稳定性较低的问题,提出一种基于模糊聚类的电力供应链安全风险监测方法,利用模糊聚类算法对电力供应链中存在的不良数据进行辨识,利用不良数据并结合电力供应链的自身特点,建立基于不良数据的电力供应链安全风险识别模型对电力供应链进行安全风险识别,对安全风险识别数据进行归一化处理与分类处理,实现电力供应链的安全风险监测。为了验证该方法下的电力供应链稳定性,与传统方法进行对比实验,得出结果为该方法与基于决策树规则提取的电力供应链安全风险监测方法、基于稳定特征向量的电力供应链安全风险监测方法、基于Relief算法的电力供应链安全风险监测方法下的电力供应链稳定性分别为86.2%、72.2%、63.3%、42.6%,通过比较可知,该方法能够使电力供应链保持较高的稳定性。     

基于隐马尔可夫模型的非侵入式负荷监测泛化性能改进

隐马尔可夫模型(HMM)是非侵入式负荷监测常用的算法.由于电压波动与负荷自身电气特性变化等原因,负荷的测量状态如功率可能持续变化,运行过程中出现新的状态转移,但当前基于HMM的非侵入式负荷监测方法并未考虑如何处理该情况,缺乏状态辨识与功率分解的泛化能力.针对这一问题,本文提出并构建二元参数隐马尔科夫模型(BPHMM),结合DBSCAN聚类算法,基于有功功率和稳态电流对负荷状态进行聚类,降低了因电压波动和噪声数据对负荷状态聚类结果造成干扰的可能性;改进维特比算法使其考虑到HMM模型参数更新以实现对负荷状态预测泛化性能的改进;考虑到功率的随机波动性,基于极大似然估计原理构建功率计算优化模型并实现负荷的功率分解.本文采用公共数据集AMPds2对所述方法进行验证,测试算例验证了所述方法的有效性.     

基于改进K-means聚类的变压器异常状态识别模型

针对投运时间不长的变压器数据中有极大部分是正常数据的情况,为了有效利用变压器历史正常数据识别变压器是否异常,本文提出了基于改进K-means聚类的变压器异常状态识别模型。针对变压器绝大部分运行数据为正常数据、正常数据逐渐按一定的趋势变化以及异常状态数据变化急剧等特点,基于历史正常数据与K-means算法建立变压器异常状态识别模型;根据对正常数据聚类的结果确定用于识别新数据的各个阈值;通过计算新数据到各聚类中心的距离并与各阈值对比确认变压器是否异常。针对传统K-means算法的缺点,对K-means算法进行基于密度与距离选择K值与初始聚类中心的改进,使K-means算法有稳定的K值与聚类中心,聚类过程更加快速、稳定、有效,从而使识别模型计算得到的阈值更可靠。实例分析表明,模型能有效对变压器的异常状态进行快速、准确的识别,为变压器状态评估提供一种新思路。     

基于知识量加权的直觉模糊均值聚类方法

针对聚类算法中特征数据对聚类中心贡献的差异性及算法对初始聚类中心的敏感性等问题,提出一种基于知识量加权的直觉模糊均值聚类方法。首先将原始数据集直觉模糊化并改进最新的直觉模糊知识测度计算知识量,据此实现数据集特征加权,再利用核空间密度与核距离初始化聚类中心,以提高高维特征数据集的计算精度与聚类效率,最后基于类间样本距离与最小知识量原理建立聚类优化模型,得到最优迭代算法。基于UCI人工数据集的实验结果表明,所提方法较大程度地提高了聚类的准确性与迭代效率,分类正确率及执行效率分别平均提高了10.63%和31.75%,且具有良好的普适性和稳定性。该方法首次将知识测度新理论引入模糊聚类并取得优良效果,为该理论在其他相关领域的潜在应用开创了新例。     

基于改进K-means聚类算法的组合模型建模

在传统的K-means聚类算法中,初始聚类是随机选取的,其聚类结果易随着不同的初始聚类中心波动.针对这一问题,首先采用最大距离积法对传统K-means聚类算法的初始聚类中心进行了优化.同时定义了一种新的目标函数并将其引用到传统的K-means聚类算法中,以实现对聚类结构类别数K的优化选择.将训练集样本数据经上述方法聚类后,再将各个子类分别建立基于支持向量机的子模型,通过开关切换的方式连接各子模型得到组合的支持向量机模型.将该方法应用于双酚A生产过程的缩合反应单元溶解罐出口苯酚含量的软测量建模.工业实例仿真结果表明:该算法能较好地跟踪苯酚含量的变化趋势,有效地改善了数据分类效果,提高了软测量模型的估计精度,显示了它在工业领域的应用潜力.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.