金银纳米粒子-稀土氧化物复合薄膜的光吸收特性

在真空中用蒸发沉积的方法制备了埋藏有Ag或Au纳米粒子的稀土氧化物复合薄膜：Ag—La2O3、Ag—Nd2O3、Ag-Sm2O3、Au—La2O3、Au—Nd2O3和Au—Sm2O3。通过光吸收实验研究，发现这些薄膜都在光波长310-1200nm内出现吸收峰，Ag纳米粒子—稀土氧化物薄膜和Au—Sm2O3薄膜的光吸收峰位置随Ag或Au粒子粒径和数量的增加产生红移；而Au—La2O3和Au-Nd2O3薄膜的光吸收随Au量的增大变为金属性光吸收。分析表明，Ag或Au粒子与稀土氧化物之间的相互作用是影响光吸收峰位置的主要原因。     

La2O3对Mo粉性能影响的研究

采用光电子能谱分析方法对掺杂La2O3的Mo粉的性能进行了研究，结果表明：掺杂La(NO3)3的MoO2粉经过还原处理后，Mo粉表面的纳米La2O3微粒可以减小Mo基体的特征能量损失峰，增加Mo3d光电子谱峰强度，由于纳米LaO3粒子在金属Mo的表面及周围对Mo起到包埋效应，减小了Mo与大气的接触面积，从而使Mo的抗氧化能力增强。     

稀土与过渡金属改性TiO_2光催化降解甲基橙研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备稀土La和过渡金属Fe掺杂改性的Ti O2光催化剂用于降解甲基橙染料溶液,并借助X射线衍射(XRD)仪、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)以及固体光致发光光谱(PL)等测试技术对催化剂进行表征,研究La和Fe掺杂对Ti O2催化剂结构和光催化性能的影响规律。结果表明,掺杂稀土元素La、过渡金属Fe可有效降低Ti O2光催化剂的晶粒尺寸,提高锐钛矿相的含量,催化剂中均匀分散的镧物种、铁物种会增加Ti O2催化剂表面氧空位和缺陷浓度,Fe、La掺杂后Ti O2光催化剂对甲基橙的降解率分别提高约16%和约22%,且稀土La改性催化剂显示较好的循环稳定性。     

稀土Nd掺杂Ti/RuO2-Co3O4电极电催化性能研究

采用热分解法在400℃下制备了稀土Nd改性Ti/RuO2-Co3O4氧化物阳极,对稀土Nd掺杂量进行优化。利用SEM、EDX及XRD等分析方法对电极表面形貌、组成及结构进行了表征,通过开路电压、循环伏安、极化曲线及强化电解寿命等电化学方法研究了电极的析氧催化活性及稳定性。结果表明:稀土Nd掺杂使表面层晶粒细化,晶型饱满,且促进活性组分RuO2向电极表面富集,增加电极催化活性中心;掺杂量为20:1时,电极析氧性能最佳,伏安电荷容量高达686mC/cm2,反应活化能低至16.76kJ/mol,掺入稀土Nd后电极基体与涂层的结合力增强,电极强化电解寿命高达158h。     

稀土钼合金的制备与性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法在钼粉中掺杂了不同含量的稀土La,并对其性能进行了研究。结果表明,在掺杂钼粉中,La以La2O3的形式存在。稀土钼合金中的第二相粒子均匀分布在钼晶粒的晶界和晶内,La对钼粉颗粒和钼合金晶粒都有细化作用。随着La含量的增加,钼合金的密度逐渐减小,而显微硬度逐渐增大。     

Yb2O3或Y2O3掺杂Cu-(NiFe2O4-10NiO)惰性阳极的导电性和耐蚀性

在氧分压约为100 Pa的氮气氛下烧结制备了掺杂Y2O3、Yb2O3的10Cu-(NiFe2O4-10NiO)金属陶瓷,并对其进行导电性能测试和10h(Na3A1F6-Al2O3体系中)铝电解实验.采用XRD、SEM和EDS分析稀土氧化物以及其与陶瓷基体反应产物的分布,考查电解实验后材料表层显微结构变化尤其是金属相的流失情况,评价稀土氧化物的添加对金属陶瓷电解初期腐蚀行为的影响.结果表明:掺杂稀土氧化物均使NiO相呈连通迹象,掺杂Yb2O3金属陶瓷晶粒较未掺杂的粗大,其与陶瓷相反应生成物成点线状分布于NiFe2O4相晶界,Y2O3与陶瓷相反应生成物则分布于NiO与NiFe2O4相间;所制备材料具有半导体特征,随着稀土氧化物的掺杂,材料导电性呈下降趋势;掺杂稀土氧化物尤其是Yb2O3有利于提高材料的耐蚀性能.     

掺杂方式对Mo-La2O3合金组织和力学性能的影响

分别采用液．固和液．液掺杂方式向钼粉中引入氧化镧，烧结出Mo-La2O3合金，通过扫描电镜和透射电镜观察，研究了不同掺杂方式制备的Mo-La2O3合金中第二相粒子的粒度分布和形貌，分析了第二相粒子在钼基体中的分布规律，检测了钼丝的拉伸性能，通过位错塞积理论讨论了La2O3颗粒形貌和分布对Mo-La2O3拉伸性能的影响机制。结果表明：液．液掺杂方法能够使钼基体中的La2O3粒子均匀分散，细化La2O3粒径；直径0．6mm、液．液掺杂钼丝的拉伸性能优于液-固掺杂钼丝。     

Al2O3纳米粒子环氧涂层对钢筋防护性能的电化学噪声分析

目的研究Al2O3纳米粒子环氧复合涂层对钢筋的防护性能。方法制备Al2O3纳米粒子,将其添加至环氧涂料中,并涂覆在工业钢筋表面成膜。通过XRD和SEM对Al2O3进行表征;利用电化学噪声、交流阻抗谱分析技术,对复合涂层在3.5%(质量分数)NaCl介质中对工业钢筋的防护性能进行测试分析。结果制备的氧化铝纳米粒子的粒径平均为75 nm。通过对电化学噪声测试的有效数据进行时域和频域分析,通过交流阻抗谱分析及数据拟合,认为Al2O3纳米粒子添加量为0.1%(以占环氧树脂质量的百分比计)时,涂层对钢筋的防护性能最好。结论向环氧涂层中添加适量的Al2O3纳米粒子,可以明显提升其对钢筋的防护性能。     

掺镧方式对La-TZM合金性能的影响

采用粉末冶金法在TZM合金的基础上,分别进行固-固掺杂稀土La2O3,固-液掺杂La(NO3)3,经烧结、热轧、温轧、冷轧后得到不同掺杂方式的La-TZM合金板材。用SEM观察粉末形貌、烧结坯组织及板材断口形貌,用粒度分布、EDS分别对合金粉末粒度及合金成分进行分析。结果表明:固-液掺杂La(NO3)3比固-固掺杂稀土La2O3的La-TZM合金板材第二相分布更为均匀、细小;晶粒尺寸较小;且固-液掺杂La(NO3)3合金的抗拉强度比固-固掺杂稀土La2O3也有显著提高,使其提高了10.9%。     

Gd2 O3 -Yb2 O3 -Y2 O3 -ZrO2 热障涂层材料的热物理性能

目的通过多元稀土氧化物掺杂改性YSZ,提高传统热障涂层的性能。方法使用化学共沉淀法制备不同掺杂量的Gd2O3-Yb2O3-Y2O3-Zr O2(GYYZO)材料,并分别使用冷等静压-烧结和等离子喷涂工艺制备块材和涂层。通过测试块材的热导率和热膨胀系数,分析评价材料的热物理性能。对高温退火处理后的涂层进行X射线衍射分析,评价不同成分涂层的高温相稳定性。结果氧化锆基材料的热导率和热膨胀系数随总掺杂量升高而降低。氧化锆中稀土氧化物总掺杂量为5.5%~9.84%(摩尔分数)时,在1000℃下的热导率为1.25~1.56 W/(m·K),相对8YSZ材料下降了22%~37.5%;在200~1300℃的热膨胀系数为(10~11.1)×10-6/K,与传统8YSZ材料相当。在1400℃长时间退火处理后,低掺杂量GYYZO涂层中的单斜相含量明显低于8YSZ涂层。结论多元稀土氧化物掺杂改性氧化锆材料具有良好的高温相稳定性、低热导率和适当的热膨胀系数,可以作为高性能热障涂层的备选材料。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.