高效开槽管换热器

根据国外和我国对开槽管的试验研究表明,开槽管(即在换热管的外壁或内壁开出不同规格的纵槽、横槽或螺旋槽)由于改变了冷凝水或料液的流动状态,增大给热系数,因此,均能使给热系数比同规格的光管成倍增加。     

颗粒阻尼应用于平板叶片减振试验

以填充颗粒的平板叶片为研究对象,研究了结构阻尼与颗粒阻尼器各参数问的非线性变化关系;同时研究了颗粒参数和结构参数的变化对结构减振效果的影响规律.研究结果表明:填充颗粒密度越大,减振效果越好;在颗粒填充率为70%左右时系统的阻尼比最大.     

相间内插两种转子换热管的换热及阻力特性

对相间内插螺旋开槽转子与低流阻转子不同数目比(Y)转子的圆管进行了换热及阻力特性的实验研究,结果表明,相间内插两种转子后明显对换热效果产生影响,换热效果和阻力特性与两种转子数目比Y有关。阻力系数(f)随着Y值的增大而增加,在所有相间排列方案中,螺旋开槽转子与低流阻转子的数目比Y=2时,换热效果最好,平均努赛尔数(Nu)和阻力系数(f)均比单一螺旋开槽转子高,努赛尔数(Nu)较螺旋开槽转子提高4%左右。     

液冷式CPU散热器的传热强化及流阻性能

通过在液冷式CPU散热器蛇形流道内填充不同粒径的不锈钢珠,使液冷式CPU散热器流道形成类似多孔介质的复杂流道以提高其散热性能。通过对改进前后液冷式CPU散热器的试验研究,分析了各因素对液冷式CPU散热器的传热和流阻性能的影响规律。结果表明:在本试验范围内,相同Re和Pr下,改进后散热器的对流换热系数为改进前的1.2~4.8倍,阻力系数f是改进前的1.4~4倍;散热器填充Φ4mm开孔不锈钢珠的强化传热效果最佳,芯片表面温度较填充前降低了33,°对流换热系数增大4.8倍,而流动阻力仅增加了1.4倍。     

非圆截面小通道内R113的流动沸腾换热特性

针对非圆截面小通道流动沸腾换热研究报道较少的现状,以R113为工质,对4种不同水力直径的正方形、三角形截面小通道内的流动沸腾换热特性进行试验研究,试验参数范围：入口干度,过冷～1.0;质量流速400～ 3 300 kg/(m2?s);热流密度20～150 kW/m2,并将试验结果与相近水力直径的圆通道内流动沸腾试验结果进行了对比分析。试验结果表明：非圆小通道内饱和流动沸腾局部壁面温度与质量流速密切相关,并受热负荷与流动沸腾换热状况的影响;质量流速和壁面热负荷是非圆小通道内流动沸腾换热特性的主要影响因素;与相近水力直径的圆通道内流动沸腾试验数据对比显示,非圆截面小通道具有明显的强化传热作用。     

流道出口位置对加压内冷却砂轮磨削性能的影响

鉴于开槽砂轮内流道出口位置影响磨削液的冷却润滑效果，设计制备了磨料环可周向旋转的加压内冷却开槽砂轮，使内流道出口位于砂轮磨料区或开槽区。建立了磨削弧区温度场仿真模型，模拟结果表明流道出口置于开槽区时换热效果更好。在相同加工参数下进行了磨削对比试验，结果表明：相比位于磨料区，流道出口位于开槽区时获得的磨削温度、表面粗糙度分别下降了16%和15%，工件表面更光滑规整，残余拉应力效应显著降低。     

锥形毛细芯平板热管传热特性研究

随着机械电子设备的不断发展,热管理问题面临越来越严重的挑战,为解决此问题,根据仿生学原理,以天鹅绒竹芋表面微观凸起结构为设计依据,以纳米尺度铜粉为材料烧结制备锥形毛细芯,构造新型平板热管,并以去离子水为工质对其热性能进行研究。研究加热功率、平板热管放置角度及毛细芯氧化与未氧化等因素对平板热管传热特性的影响。结果表明,由于锥形毛细芯多尺度孔隙结构的存在,不仅实现蒸汽从大尺度孔隙逸出,液体从小孔隙吸入,而且缩短了液体流动路径,减小了流动阻力,同时扩大了换热面积,因此大大提高了平板热管的传热性能。锥形毛细芯平板热管具有较好的传热性能及抗重力特性。毛细芯经氧化处理后可显著减小平板热管的换热热阻,提高平板热管的传热性能,在热流密度为107.1 W/cm2时,其总热阻最小值为0.079 K/W。     

磨削弧区采用径向射流冲击强化换热的试验研究

在分析缓进给磨削烧伤机理的基础上,提出了高压射流冲击强化磨削弧区换热的创新构想,研制了带径向射流的ＣＢＮ 开槽砂轮试验装置,并通过缓进给断续磨削时采用径向射流冲击弧区的磨削试验研究其换热效果。结果表明,射流冲击强化换热技术可有效提高弧区换热效率,在解决难加工材料磨削烧伤方面具有广阔的应用前景。     

换热管内污水湍流流动沿程阻力特性研究

针对污垢沉积引起换热管阻力变化的问题,建立了换热管内污水流动阻力变化的数学模型.本文提出管内污水流动的沿程阻力系数为洁净状态下换热管内污水的初始流速和时间的函数模型。基于此模型,通过理论推导获得了换热管内污水流动的沿程阻力系数表达式,分析了不同流动状态下沿程阻力系数的影响因素。通过试验获得了换热管污染后管内沿程阻力系数的半经验公式。结果表明:在考虑污垢底层影响时,管内污水流动的沿程阻力系数与洁净状态下管内污水初始流速和运行时间有关;该关系可用粘性底层的厚度和污垢厚度来表示。     

竖直矩形窄通道内水流动沸腾换热特性的研究

建立单面加热垂直矩形窄通道流动沸腾换热试验装置,针对截面250mm×3.5mm的窄缝通道,对水流动沸腾换热特性进行试验研究。通过试验分析可知:(1)随着干度的增加,局部换热系数先增加后减小,有一个最大值,此时处于饱和核沸腾区域,其蒸汽干度也接近于0,同时也接近于沸腾起始点。相应地流体从单相流-泡状-块状流-搅拌-环状流转变。(2)在流动沸腾换热中,热流密度对核态沸腾换热有明显影响,而对流动沸腾液膜蒸发的影响甚小,所以可以认为由热流密度的变化而引起的换热变化,主要表现在核态沸腾。(3)入口温度的变化对单相流动的换热系数有影响,而沸腾换热系数与流型及汽泡的产生及扰动有极大关系,入口温度对流动沸腾局部换热系数基本没有影响。     

Cooling characteristics on the forced convection of an array of flat-form electronic components in channel flow

Present study is concerned with forced convective heat transfer of the channel flow with line arrays of heated electronic components mounted on a printed circuit board. For the assessment of thermal performance in channel flows, three separate variables are used:channel spacing, row number of the component, and inlet air velocity. The thermal characteristics of a component due to own power and upstream air heated by components were studied. The experimental results were compared with those of numerical solution for various conditions: surface temperature of the components, adiabatic temperature rise, and heat transfer coefficient. The experimental results agree well with the numerical solutions. The study shows that the adiabatic heat transfer coefficient is significantly affected by the inlet velocity in channel flow and less dependent on the channel spacing and row number, except for the case ofH/B=3.3. While reviewing the previous literatures, it is found that a little difference in the correlation between Nu and Re is due to the different geometric ratio of the packaged components.     

Investigation of boiling heat transfer characteristics of two-phase closed thermosyphons with various internal grooves

The boiling heat transfer characteristics of two-phase closed thermosyphons with internal grooves are studied experimentally and a simple mathematical model is developed to predict the performance of such thermosyphons. The study focuses on the boiling heat transfer characteristics of a two-phase closed thermosyphons with copper tubes having 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 internal grooves. A two-phase closed thermosyphon with plain copper tube having the same inner and outer diameter as those of grooved tube is also tested for comparison. Methanol is used as working fluid. The effects of the number of grooves, the operating temperature, the heat flux are investigated experimentally. From these experimental results, a simple mathematical model is developed. In the present model, boiling of liquid pool in the evaporator is considered for the heat transfer mechanism of the thermosyphon. And also the effects of the number of grooves, the operating temperature, the heat flux are brought into consideration. A good agreement between the boiling heat transfer coefficient of the thermosyphon estimated from experimental results and the predictions from the present mathematical model is obtained. The experimental results show that the number of grooves and the amount of the working fluid are very important factors for the operation of thermosyphons. The two-phase closed thermosyphon with copper tubes having 60 internal grooves shows the best boiling heat transfer performance.     

Theoretical and experimental studies on boiling heat transfer for the Thermosyphons with various helical grooves

Boiling heat transfer characteristics of a two-phase closed thermosyphons with various helical grooves are studied experimentally and a mathematical correlation is developed to predict the performance of such thermosyphons. The study focuses on the boiling heat transfer characteristics of two-phase closed thermosyphons with copper tubes having 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 internal helical grooves. A two-phase closed thermosyphon with plain copper tube having the same inner and outer diameter as those of grooved tubes is also tested for comparison. Water, methanol and ethanol are used as working fluid. The effects of the number of grooves, various working fluids, operating temperature and heat flux are investigated experimentally. From these experimental results, a mathematical model is developed. In the present model, boiling of liquid pool in the evaporator is considered for the heat transfer mechanism of the thermosyphons. And also the effects of the number of grooves, the various working fluids, the operating temperature and the heat flux are brought into consideration. A good agreement between the boiling heat transfer coefficient of the thermosyphon estimated from experimental results and the predictions from the present mathematical correlation is obtained. The experimental results show that the number of grooves, the amount of the working fluid and the various working fluids are very important factors for the operation of thermosyphons. Also, the thermosyphons with internal helical grooves can be used to achieve some inexpensive and compact heat exchangers in low temperature.     

Heat transfer performance of jet impingement flow boiling using Al2O3-water nanofluid

An investigation is performed into the heat transfer performance of jet impingement flow boiling using Al₂O₃-water nanofluids with Al₂O₃ additions of 0, 0.0001, 0.001 and 0.01 vol%, respectively. It is shown that the heat transfer performance of jet impingement flow boiling using Al₂O₃-water nanofluid is poorer than that obtained when using de-ionized (DI) water as the working fluid. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) observations reveal that the reduction in the heat transfer performance is due to the formation of a nano-sorption layer on the heated surface, which results in an increase in the thermal resistance. However, it is shown that by applying acoustic vibration to the heated surface, the formation of the nano-sorption layer is prevented; with the result that the heat transfer performance obtained using the Al₂O₃-water nanofluids is better than that obtained using pure DI water.     

激光制备微热管复合沟槽吸液芯及毛细压力验证

吸液芯结构是微热管的重要组成部分,其对微热管传热性能起到关键作用。目前,随着微热管的微型化,多种新型吸液芯结构相继提出,有效的拓宽微热管的应用领域。激光刻蚀法已成为制备微热管微型沟槽的高效可行法。借助激光刻蚀技术优势制备出微热管复合沟槽吸液芯,分析复合沟槽结构具有良好的表面质量;然后建立复合沟槽吸液芯毛细压力轴向分布数学模型,得出微热管内毛细压力沿轴向分布情况,证明复合沟槽提供较大的毛细压力,从而具有优异的传热性能。     

A study on the improvement of heat transfer performance in low temperature closed Thermosyphon

The study focuses on the heat transfer performance of two-phase closed thermosyphons with plain copper tube and tubes having 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 internal grooves. Three different working fluids (distilled water, methanol, ethanol) are used with various volumetric liquid fill charge ratio from 10 to 40%. Additional experimental parameters such as operating temperature and inclination angle of zero to 90 degrees are used for the comparison of heat transfer performance of the thermosyphon. Condensation and boiling heat transfer coefficients, heat flux are obtained using experimental data for each case of specific parameter. The experimental results are assessed and compared with existing correlations. The results show that working fluids, liquid fill charge ratio, number of grooves and inclination angle are very important factors for the operation of thermosyphons. The relatively high rate of heat transfer is achieved when the thermosyphon with internal grooves is used compared to that with plain tube. The optimum liquid fill charge ratio for the best heat transfer performance lies between 25% and 30%. The range of the optimum inclination angle for this study is 20°-30° from the horizontal position.     

Modeling of laminar forced convection in spherical-pebble packed beds

There are many parameters that have significant effects on forced convection heat transfer in packed beds, including Reynolds and Prandtl numbers of flow, porosity, pebble geometry, local flow conditions, wall and end effects. In addition, there have been many experimental investigations on forced convection heat transfer in packed beds and each have studied the effect of some of these parameters. Yet, there is not a reliable correlation that includes the effect of main parameters; at the same time, the prediction of precise correct limits for very low and high Reynolds numbers is off hand. In this article a general well-known model of convection heat transfer from isothermal bodies, next to some previous reliable experimental data has been used as a basis for a more comprehensive and accurate correlation to calculate the laminar constant temperature pebble-fluid forced convection heat transfer in a homogeneous saturated bed with spherical pebbles. Finally, for corroboration, the present results are compared with previous works and show a very good agreement for laminar flows at any Prandtl number and all porosities.     

非均匀加热条件下微矩形槽道内的滑移流动换热特性

利用正交函数法对定热流密度加热、壁面温度在周向可任意变化条件下,气体在微矩形槽道内的热充分发展滑移流动的换热特性进行理论分析,获得相应条件下的Nu数计算方法及换热特性,并与大尺度槽道的换热特性进行比较,探讨了Kn数、槽道高宽比及不同加热条件对微矩形槽道内滑移流动换热性能的影响。结果表明,在任何加热条件下,微矩形槽道内的平均Nu数均低于相同加热条件下大尺度矩形槽道中的Nu数,且随Kn数的增加而减小。高宽比越小,平均Nu数下降越大。在相同的高宽比和Kn数下,单边加热条件下的换热性能相比相同加热条件的常规大槽道内的换热性能下降最小。     

An experimental apparatus measuring convective heat transfer coefficient from a heated fine wire traversing in nanofluids

Most of the previous convection experiments for nanofluids have been performed for internal tube flow with constant heat flux boundary condition. In contrast, a simple experimental apparatus measuring convective heat transfer coefficient from a heated wire to external nanofluids is proposed and its working principles are explained in detail. The convective heat transfer coefficient provided by the present system might be used as a useful indication justifying the adoption of prepared nanofluids as new efficient heat transfer fluids. Validation experiments by comparing convective heat transfer coefficients between the conventional correlation and measured values are carried out for base fluids. Also the effect of increased thermal conductivity of nano lubrication oil on the enhancement of convective heat transfer coefficient is investigated.