南皮斜坡孔二段2油层组沉积微相研究

为揭示南皮斜坡孔二2油层组沉积微相的分布规律,利用岩心、测录井、地震等测试资料,对目的层的沉积相及沉积微相特征进行研究。在研究区划分出2种沉积相类型:辫状河三角洲相和湖泊相,其中以辫状河三角洲相为主;划分出分流河道、分流河道间、水下分流河道、水下分流河道间、河口坝、席状砂、六种沉积微相类型。     

ZB地区储层及沉积相研究

zb地区区内二、三叠系具有与普光、元坝等地区相似的沉积背景,油气前景应是非常优越。文章通过整体对比分析普光、元坝构造及沉积背景,结合区内竹园1井的资料,确定区内储层类型主要是白云岩储层和生物礁储层,通过地震资料拼接组合,总结长兴--飞一段台地相、长兴组--台地边缘相和长兴组--飞一段斜坡、陆棚相的地震反射特征,预测储层分布区域。     

浅析南屯煤矿太原组沉积环境与聚煤规律

以沉积岩石学、岩相古地理学和古生物学为理论指导,按照分析煤盆地的思路和程序,运用大量的钻孔资料分析了南屯煤矿太原组沉积环境。鉴别了沉积相,绘制了沉积相划分图并探讨了聚煤规律。研究表明:南屯煤矿太原组沉积相以三角洲相及泻湖相为主,三角洲时期是聚煤的最佳时期,三角洲平原是聚煤的最佳场所。     

煤及含煤地层的相研究

1960年之前,关于含煤地层沉积环境的讨论大多与旋回层序的成因理论相联系。60年代对现代三角洲特别是密西西比河三角洲的研究工作导致了把碎屑旋回层序解释为三角洲成因,煤形成于三角洲顶部沼泽。70年代到80年代早期,提出了含煤地层沉积环境的详细模式。目前,人们已对与内陆所有沉积环境共生的煤都作了描述。所发表的含煤地层相分析实例非常之少。地质学家要对已发表的环境解释作出独立评价以及对不同的含煤岩系之间作出比较,就必须详细地实测剖面和细致地描述沉积构造。煤炭工业能够受益于更有预测性的相模式,而后者则要求对煤及碎屑相的研究作更大量的综合。在邻近活动的碎屑沉积地区的多数沼泽中,泥炭灰分含量从作为煤的前身来说是太高了。大多数煤可能形成于升起沼泽或远离活动碎屑环境的低伏沼泽的泥炭。在后者情况下,煤与下伏沉积物的接触处可能代表了长时间的沉积间断。地下研究可以获得含煤地层三维空间特征的认识,并提供作为成煤沼泽类型的线索。阿尔伯达上白垩统的最近研究提供了煤形成于远离同期碎屑沉积体系的沼泽的明确证据。     

现代油藏精细描述新方法及新技术的研究

通过在三维空间对各油藏参数进行定量描述,建立起反映油藏的构造、沉积、成岩、流体等特征的地质模型的整个过程叫做油藏描述。油藏描述的新方法使其由传统的油藏地质研究转入多学科一体化综合的系统研究,使我国油藏研究由定性和半定量逐步走向了定量化。文章主要论述了油藏描述最重要的两种新技术:地质建模技术和开发地震技术。     

少井条件下储层相控建模研究

针对丽水凹陷南三维井区地质条件复杂,储层非均质性严重,钻井稀缺且分布不均等特点,常规的方法往往难以建立反映油藏实际地质情况的模型。本研究充分利用地震资料和有限的井资料,合理添加虚拟井点,进行无井区域的定量化表征,多条件约束建立储层的地质模型,提高了少井或无井地区储层预测模型的精度。建模实例表明,研究区整体呈现东高西低的地形特点,东次凹主要发育三角洲沉积体系,砂体分布较为连续,物性较好。通过单井相和地震相分析,结合砂体分布规律的研究,合理刻画了丽水凹陷南三维区的构造特征和储层发育情况。     

海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷南屯组沉积特征研究

乌尔逊凹陷是海拉尔盆地一个典型含油气断陷,呈明显的南北向展布、西断东超的箕状。综合应用一些基础资料进行研究,如凹陷三维地震、测井、录井、岩心等,同时对海拉尔盆地的乌尔逊凹陷铜钵庙组沉积相类型和沉积体系进行论述,可以确定南屯组主要发育扇三角洲、火山岩、湖泊相等沉积体系。     

扇三角洲及其识别

本文回并认真讨论了扇三角洲最初的概念及其新近的变动。作为修改的定义,提出:扇三角洲是由冲积扇提供物质并沉积在活动扇与静止水体分界面处的、全部或大部分位于水下的沉积体。这里把扇三角洲看作是冲积扇实际上的三角洲,强调的是它所处的部位,即:水上与水下环境活动界面处。建议扇三角洲的概念应适用于各种类型的冲积扇,包括“干扇”和“湿扇”,只要它们能动地与湖或湖接触。靠近高地及与构造陡坡伴生是扇三角洲常见和重要的标志,但不是决定性的,而成为扇三角洲概念中的一部分。相标志被认为是在岩石记录中识别扇三角洲的最有用的依据。     

浅析天峻疏勒河地区勒门沟、草地沟组沉积特征

南祁连盆地位于加里东褶皱基底之上,其二叠系主体为海相沉积。文章着重描述该区勒门沟、草地沟组的2条剖面,认为勒门沟组主要发育滨岸相沉积,草地沟组早期海水加深发育碳酸盐台地相的沉积,晚期水深变浅发育滨岸相的沉积。     

《沉积环境和相》

本届国际沉积学会主席、著名沉积学家H.G.里丁教授主编的《沉积环境和相》一书已由科学出版社翻译出版。这是一本在沉积学上具有里程碑意义的巨著。全书共分十五章,近一百万字。作者在书中深入论述了相和相模式的概念;系统介绍了地球上各种沉积环境中形成的不同的相的特征、形成过程及控制因素,其中除详细介绍了资料已较为丰富的冲积环境、浅水碳酸盐环境、三角洲环境及硅质碎屑浅海环境外,还以较多的篇幅介绍了其他     

Historical variations in the stable isotope composition of mercury in Arctic lake sediments

The stable isotope composition of mercury (Hg) in a dated core from the anoxic zone of a saline, meromictic Arctic lake was found to vary as a complex function of the age and chemical composition of the sediment. Throughout the stratigraphic sequence, which spans the years 1899-1997, the ratios 198Hg/202Hg, 199Hg/202Hg, 200Hg/202Hg, 201Hg/202Hg, and 204Hg/202Hg expressed as delta-values (per mil deviations relative to a standard) reveal enrichment in 198Hg, 199Hg, 200Hg, and 201Hg, with depletion in 204Hg, the degree of enrichment varying inversely with atomic mass. A plot of delta198Hg, delta199Hg, delta200Hg, and delta201Hg against depth gave parallel profiles characterized by large, regular undulations superimposed on an overall trend toward increase with depth (i.e. age), and the delta204Hg profile is a mirror image of them. The delta198Hg, delta199Hg, delta200Hg, and delta201Hg values of the oldest (1899-1929) strata vary inversely with NH2OH.HCl/HNO3-extractable manganese concentration, but those of the youngest (1963-1997) strata give a positive correlation; intermediate (1936-1956) strata show no correlation and negligible variation in delta-values, possibly signifying a transition phase in which the two opposite trends offset each other. The delta-values show similar but weaker relationships with organic carbon. The results strongly suggest fractionation of Hg isotopes by microbial activities linked to oxidation-reduction reactions in the lake, although effects of isotopic signatures indicative of the sources of the Hg have not been ruled out. The radical change in the nature of the relationship between 6-values and sediment chemistry over time may reflect environmental and biotic changes that altered the isotope-fractionating processes. These findings imply that variations in the isotopic makeup of Hg, together with related physical, chemical, and biological data, could yield important new information about the biogeochemical cycle of Hg.     

西藏鄂雅错盐湖卤水25℃等温蒸发研究

以西藏鄂雅错湖表卤水为研究对象,依据Na＋、K＋、Mg2＋∥sO24-、Cl--H2O五元水盐体系25℃介稳相图,研究了卤水在25℃等温蒸发过程中的盐类结晶路线及其析出规律.实验结果表明：卤水蒸发析盐顺序依次为氯化钠、钾石盐、光卤石、泻利盐、水氯镁石和锂盐,硼酸盐在蒸发过程中不以固体形式析出,赋存于老卤中,实验结果与介稳相图基本吻合,研究结果可为盐湖的综合利用提供参考.     

含锂水盐体系相平衡研究进展

盐湖资源是我国西部的优势矿产资源之一,其成功开发需以相应的相平衡与相图为指导,因此含锂水盐体系的相平衡研究对于盐湖卤水资源的开发利用具有重要的意义.文章归纳总结了国内外在含锂水盐体系的稳定相平衡、介稳相平衡及其电解质溶液理论预测等方面的研究进展,同时指出了含锂体系相平衡研究存在的问题和发展方向.     

Translocation of surface-inoculated Escherichia coli into whole muscle nonintact beef striploins following blade tenderization

Translocation of Escherichia coli among beef loins processed with a mechanical tenderizer was evaluated. Two beef striploins were inoculated on the lean side with 6.4 to 7.2 ml of a nalidixic acid-resistant E. coli at 8.2 to 10.1 log CFU/ml. Total E. coli inoculated onto striploins ranged from 1.12 × 10(9) to 9.10 × 10(10) CFU. Striploins were passed once (lean side up, anterior end first) through a mechanical blade tenderizer. After the inoculated striploins had been tenderized, uninoculated beef striploins (n = 5) were passed once (lean side up, anterior end first) through the same mechanical tenderizer. This procedure was repeated twice for a total of 12 striploins. Six core samples were taken from each striploin starting with the anterior end. Each core was cut into six sections; sections 1 through 4 represented the top 4 cm of the core sample, and sections 5 and 6 represented the remaining part of the core split in half. After tenderization, E. coli levels were highest (P < 0.05) in loin 1. Loin 2 had higher levels (P < 0.05) than did loins 4, 5, and 6. No differences in E. coli levels (P > 0.05) were found among loins 3, 4, 5, and 6, for which levels were below the limit of detection. Levels of E. coli from section 1 were higher than those for all other sections. Section 2 had higher levels (P < 0.05) than did sections 3, 4, 5, and 6. E. coli recovery from section 6 was higher (P < 0.05) than that from sections 3, 4, and 5. No differences in E. coli recovery (P > 0.05) were found among sections 3, 4, and 5. Data indicate that even after inoculation of E. coli a high initial levels, contamination from one loin to another is quickly reduced to < 10 CFU/g.     

浅谈测井曲线在平顶山盐田娄庄矿段开发中的利用

通过对娄庄矿段现有钻井资料及区域资料的分析,总结了平顶山盐田石盐矿床形成的构造条件和盐湖的沉积的韵律性特征;利用测井曲线的形态进行了岩矿层对比分析,确定了沉积标志层,据矿层物性特征划分了岩层界线,论证了本矿沉积的稳定性。     

变频节能技术在制浆造纸中的应用

结合在造纸流程耗能比较严重的水力碎浆机、冲浆泵和真空脱水三个部分进行的节能应用做一些分析和概括。     

Biomagnification of DDT through the benthic and pelagic food webs of Lake Malawi, East Africa: importance of trophic level and carbon source

Lake Malawi, an East African Rift Valley lake, is internationally renowned for having the highest diversity of fish species in the world, and these cichlids are highly specialized in their dietary habits. In this lake, tissue stable carbon (delta13C) and nitrogen (delta15N) isotopes can be used over several trophic levels to distinguish those consumers relying upon carbon fixed by either benthic or pelagic primary producers. As such, it was possible to contrast the biomagnification of persistent organochlorines through the benthic and pelagic food webs. In 1996 and 1997, food-web organisms were collected from Lake Malawi and analyzed for organochlorines, delta13C and delta15N to determine the factors that affectthe biomagnification of contaminants in a tropical lake. The pesticide DDT was the most predominant pollutant in the biota from Lake Malawi and was found at the highest concentrations in the largest and fattiest fish species. As observed in temperate systems, log-transformed sigmaDDT concentrations in food-web organisms were significantly predicted by delta15N or log lipid (r2 = 0.32 and 0.40, respectively). In addition, the slope of the regression of log sigmaDDT versus delta15N was significantly higher in the pelagic than the benthic food web. These results indicate that pelagic organisms are at greater risk of accumulating these pollutants than biota relying upon benthic primary production.     

The diversity of microbial communities in Chinese milk fan and their effects on volatile organic compound profiles

Milk fan is a cheese-like fermented milk product produced in Yunnan Province, China. In this study, we characterized the microbial communities of milk fan from 6 distinct geographical origins and investigated their generation of volatile organic compounds (VOC). The microbial communities found in all milk fan samples were dominated by Lactococcus, Lactobacillus, and Raoultella bacteria and Rhodotorula, Torulaspora, and Candida fungi. Samples from the Kunming and Weishan regions had greater bacterial richness, and samples from Xizhou had greater fungal community richness. Sixty prominent VOC (i.e., those having odor activity values ≥1), including esters, acids, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and aromatic compounds, were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of milk fan samples. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that Lactobacillus, Rhodotorula, Lodderomyces, and Debaryomyces had significant correlations with various VOC, revealing a total of 13 compounds that are characteristic of the odor of milk fan. These bacteria and fungi are therefore identified as functional microorganisms that collectively create the complex VOC profile of milk fan. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the microbial community of milk fan and demonstrates its contribution to the unique aroma profile of this fermented milk product     

Heavy metals and stable isotopes in a benthic omnivore in a trophic gradient of lakes

Heavy metals (Cd, Hg, and Pb) and stable isotopes (15N, 13C) in crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) were studied in a trophic gradient of lakes (N=19) in southern Sweden. Trophic indicators of the lakes as total phosphorus (tot-P) varied from 5 to 93 microg/L. The examined lakes had no known point sources of heavy metals, but the catchment areas varied from mainly forested to agricultural land. Cd and Hg in crayfish were affected by the trophic status of the lakes, showing significant negative relationship with tot-P, total nitrogen, and chlorophyll A content and a positive relationship with lake transparency (Secchi depth). The concentration of these two heavy metals was thus higher in crayfish in the oligotrophic lakes and decreased linearly to the eutrophic ones. Pb was not related to any lake variable. Stable isotopes of carbon (delta(13)C) and nitrogen (delta(15)N) in crayfish were a reflection of that found in the sediment as shown by positive linear relationships for the lakes. In the sediment of the lakes, delta(13)C signature showed significant negative relationships with the trophic indicators but positive results were shown for lake transparency. The trophic gradient of the lakes was reflected by delta(13)C in the sediment and in the crayfish. delta(15)N in crayfish was a reflection of delta(15)N in the sediment, but the relationship was not coupled to the trophic status of the lakes. The results from the study show that Cd and Hg in benthic omnivores as crayfish are affected by ecological processes in lakes, such as eutrophication. Stable isotopes, such as 13C and 15N, can be used to study these ecological processes.     

西藏藏北某盐湖卤水5℃等温蒸发实验研究

西藏藏北某碳酸型盐湖卤水富含有价元素Li、K、B和微量元素Rb、Cs等。为更好地了解该盐湖卤水在自然条件下的蒸发结晶规律,根据当地气候条件等,需对相应卤水进行低温室内等温蒸发实验研究。实验对该碳酸型盐湖夏季卤水进行了5℃等温蒸发实验,并参考Na＋、K＋//Cl-、SO24-、CO23-—H2O五元体系（25℃）介稳相图研究了该卤水5℃等温蒸发过程中盐类结晶路线和析出规律,结果表明：通过前处理工艺,有效改善了原卤组成和析盐行为,使锂的富集更为集中,实际析盐顺序为：NaCl、NaK3（SO4）2、Li2CO3和KCl,为该碳酸型盐湖卤水的综合开发利用提供了重要的依据。