网络流行语中"哥"的语用学释义

随着"春哥"、"犀利哥"等称呼在网络上的使用频率越来越高,"哥"已成为近期的网络流行语之一."哥"的网络义是如何演化而来的,表达了说话者怎样的意图,表现了怎样的社会现状.这些问题都令人深思.从语用学角度出发,运用称谓语/称呼语、指示语及礼貌原则等理论,对"哥"进行了剖析,认为"哥"在网络上具有嘲讽、彰显个性等作用,体现了网络文化的创造性.     

《献给爱米丽小姐的一朵玫瑰》的象征解读

<献给爱米丽小姐的一朵玫瑰>是福克纳1930年发表的被誉为最负盛名的短篇小说,文中多处运用了象征的写作手法.文章标题中的"玫瑰"具有象征意义,作者以"玫瑰"象征爱情和爱米丽小姐的悲剧命运,并以此表述自己对爱米丽小姐的尊敬和对南方社会的复杂感情.     

"损人不利己"之再思考——兼谈"利人"与"利己"

"损人不利己"是伦理学探讨的问题,它涉及"利人"与"利己"两个范畴的科学涵义,涉及如何认识"利人"与"利已"的辩证关系.对关于"损人利己"、"损人不利己"的问题,必须在一定条件下才能作出是非善恶的评判.通常理解下的"损人不利己"是害人害己、近乎心理变态的一种卑劣行为,而特定条件下的"损人不利己"却是一种大公无私、顾全大局、舍生取义的高尚行为.     

建筑设计创作中的"形"与"式"

"形式"属于哲学范畴的概念,与"内容"相对.建筑的"形"是点、线、面的统一,建筑设计创作中琦"式"是规律、法则、手法.本文对这两个方面作了一些探讨,以期对建筑创作中的形式有所认识和把握.     

谈日本人"集体主义"中的"自我意识"

谈起日本人,普遍的观点都认为"集体主义"观念比较强,注重"和"的精神,缺乏"自我意识"是他们的十分显著的特质,笔者认为这种观点固然有其合理性,但从许多方面来看,日本人并不缺乏"自我意识",相反,他们是一个十分注重"自我意识"的民族.而这种"自我意识",在语言的表达方式上表现得尤为突出.     

"读万卷书"就能"行万里路"

作文教学是中学语文教学的重要组成部分.作文水平的高低,是衡量一个人语文水平高低的基本尺度.但一提到作文,尤其是议论文,许多同学往往会皱眉头.面对作文题,往往是无话可说.我认为原因在于写作的"源头"没有拓宽,既没有一定的阅读量.因为"只有"博览",才有"源"可取,才能在写作时引进"活水";只有"读万卷书",写作时才能"行万里路",才能"下笔如有神".所以,提高作文水平的关键在于培养学生广泛的阅读兴趣,扩大阅读面,增加阅读量.为此,我在这方面作了如下一些尝试:     

严羽"妙悟"说与许筠"天机"论之比较

"妙悟"与"天机"是东方古代诗论的两个范畴,中国古代"妙悟"说的代表人物是严羽,韩国古代"天机"论的代表人物是许筠.这两个范畴在他们的论说中,除了肯定诗歌"别趣"、"别材"与灵感问题外,也在批评对象、批评基点、批评方法、批评作用等方面有所不同,另外,许筠的诗论观点还从传统儒家诗论观中解脱了出来,拓宽了诗歌表现的领域.     

论林译小说的"信"与"讹"

阐述了文学翻译中"信"与"达"的关系,介绍了钱钟书关于林译小说的"讹"的论述.认为翻译在实现"达"的过程中,"信"是基础,"讹"是补充.文学翻译中恰到好处的"讹",有利于实现"达"的目标.     

"强国"到"富民"战略演变的原因分析

自49年建国至今,我国逐渐从"强国"向"富民"战略转变.笔者认为原因有三一是高度集权的计划经济体制的影响,二是收入差距不断扩大的影响,三是金融危机的影响.     

以"读"促悟以"读"激情

在语文学习中,很多学生甚至个别教师往往重视"写"而忽略"读".其实"读"在语文学习中是极其重要的.本文结合教学实际谈以"读"促悟以"读"激情的教学实践.     

Problems in the "evidence" of "evidence-based medicine"

The potential influence of racially or ethnically diverse cultural perspectives on patient compliance with post-transplant treatments is discussed. Domains of competency regarding culturally sensitive clinical practice are outlined to assist providers in better understanding the perspectives that may influence the views and behavior of culturally diverse patients.     

"集体智慧的结晶"与"马克思主义"的界定

马克思主义是社会主义革命和建设的指导思想,更是全人类理论发展的瑰宝.从马克思等人创建基本理论伊始,各学者就对如何定义该理论进行了探索.将马克思主义定义为集体智慧的结晶,不仅突出了马克思的个人贡献,更肯定了马克思主义研究者对马克思主义理论做出的努力和成就,也能够消除个人崇拜和教条主义,坚持人民群众是历史的创造者,并且坚持与时俱进.     

《诗经·关雎》英译之我见——兼论语篇把握在汉诗英译中的重要性

<诗经>是我国文学史的光辉起点,也是我国现实主义文学的开端.作品以抒情诗为主流,开拓性地运用了赋、比、兴等表现手法,具有很高的艺术成就,对后世文学创作产生了重大而深远的影响.<关雎>是<诗经>中具有代表性的作品,是汉文化文学宝库中的珍品,因此,翻译工作者都不遗余力地将它译介国外.许渊冲先生、韦利先生是<诗经>翻译的佼佼者,分析研究他们的译诗策略,对于总结汉语古典文学西译的经验,构建现代翻译理论,自然有着不可忽略的益处.     

图像中的"他者"

"自我"与"他者"所标榜的二分逻辑结构在本质上是同一性恩雏使然的结果,由此决定了文明与蒙昧、正统与异端、男人与女人的差异被确立并延续了下来,它们作为同一性思维在种族、信仰、性别层面上的具体衍生物,经由视觉图像获得了不同程度地传播与表征.鉴于此,本文着力从上述三个方面,就图像与同一性观念的内在相关性分层加以评述,旨在强调图像作为由来已久的一种视觉符号,持续不断地与意识形态、政治权力、性别身体等范畴发生着关联,是我们解读"自我"与"他者"关系的重要凭据.     

Tackling the "dropped nucleus"

The ability of male rats to accumulate menaquinone-4 (MK-4) in tissues when fed a vitamin K-deficient diet supplemented with intraperitoneal phylloquinone (K) as the sole source of vitamin K for 14 d was assessed. In both conventionally housed controls and gnotobiotic rats, supplementation with the equivalent of 1500 microg vitamin K/kg diet increased (P < 0.001) tissue MK-4 concentrations above those of controls fed a vitamin K-deficient diet. MK-4 concentrations were approximately 5 ng/g (11 pmol/g) in liver, 14 ng/g in heart, 17 ng/g in kidney, 50 ng/g in brain and 250 ng/g in mandibular salivary glands of gnotobiotic rats. MK-4 concentrations in conventionally housed rats were higher than in gnotobiotic rats in heart (P < 0.01), brain (P < 0.01) and kidney (P < 0.05) but lower in salivary gland (P < 0.05). Cultures of a kidney-derived cell line (293) converted K to the expoxide of MK-4 in a manner that was dependent on both time of incubation and concentration of vitamin K in the media. A liver-derived cell line (H-35) was less active in carrying out this conversion. These data offer conclusive proof that the tissue-specific formation of MK-4 from K is a metabolic transformation that does not require bacterial transformation to menadione as an intermediate in the process.     

Psychology and "the Babe"

Along with the rapid biomedical development of prenatal screening tests, target groups' attitudes and decision-making about, and the acceptance of, screening procedures have come into focus. To understand users' decision-making, it is essential to understand users' knowledge and perceptions of a procedure. The aim of this study was to examine Finnish women's knowledge and perceptions of, and stated reasons to participate in, two prenatal screening tests: serum screening and mid-trimester ultrasound screening. Subjects (n=1035) for the serum screening survey were catered for in the maternity care centres of two Finnish towns, where serum screening is available for all pregnant women. After one reminder, 88 per cent returned the questionnaire. Subjects (n=497) for the mid-trimester ultrasound screening survey were catered for in the obstetrical and gynaecological outpatient clinic of the city hospital of another town; the response rate was 85 per cent. Women's perceptions of the studied prenatal screening tests, serum screening and mid-trimester ultrasound screening, differed significantly, even though both are used to detect fetal malformations. Serum screening was far more often perceived to be connected with finding diseases or abnormalities than ultrasound screening. Another interesting finding was that the stated reasons for screening in general and the subjective reasons for participation were different. Reassurance was the personal reason most often mentioned in both the serum screening and the ultrasound group. Almost all women had the most superficial knowledge about serum screening; they knew whether it had been offered and that it is done to screen for Down syndrome. The greatest gaps in knowledge concerned the sensitivity of serum screening, its use in screening for congenital nephrosis, and diagnostic tests and their risks. Knowledge was poorer among women without a high school education. When counselling women about prenatal screening tests, more emphasis should be given to the sensitivity of serum screening, all of its screening uses, and the possible diagnostic tests and their risks. The fact that ultrasound screening can detect conditions which may lead to the possibility of a selective abortion should also be explained more fully.