高频微锻造对激光熔覆层开裂行为与表面组织的影响

多频次的微米级塑性变形可导致材料表面组织与力学行为特性的变化.采用自制的高频微锻造机构对激光熔凝NiCrBSi合金层进行了微锻造处理.利用OM研究了微锻造激光熔覆层产生的塑性变形的几何特性;利用OM,SEM观察了微锻造对激光熔凝层表面组织及开裂行为的影响.结果表明,高频微锻造可在激光熔覆NiCrBSi合金层表面产生约1...     

Effects of process variables on interfacial quality of laser cladding on aeroengine blade material GH4133

Consecutive layer of a cobalt alloy, stelliteX-40, were deposited onto a GH4133 superalloy plate. The microstructure and mechanical properties of laser cladding were examined. An inappropriate combination of laser power, scanning velocity or pre-placed powder height can result in the formation of incomplete fusion interface between the cladding layer and substrate, or reheat cracking along the coarse grain boundary in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) after ageing treatment. The SEM and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) show the absence of precipitate particles within the reheating crack with similar average compositions for the crack and the substrate. The plastic deformation due to residual thermal stress induced by thermal cycle of laser cladding process is concentrated on the coarse grain boundaries within the HAZ as grains are strengthened by precipitating particles during the aging process. This concentrated plastic deformation is mainly responsible for reheat cracking. The laser cladding layer with integrated melt interface and without reheat cracking can be obtained by optimizing laser power, scanning velocity and powder thickness. The experimental results of microhardness show the homogenous property distribution within the material after the ageing treatment.     

Laser Surface Cladding of Plastic-Molded Steel 718H by CoCrMo Alloy

With the purpose of enhancing the surface properties of plastic-molded steel 718H, in this study, a wear-resistant CoMoCr alloy cladding layer was obtained using laser surface cladding technology. Laser surface cladding was carried out by melting the CoMoCr alloy powder (particle size 15-45???m) supplied through a pneumatically driven powder delivery system with a 5-kW continuous wave (CW) CO₂ laser with the wavelength 10.6???m. The microstructure, chemical composition, and wear resistance of the cladding coating were revealed by optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope(SEM), energy-dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX) and sliding wear machine. The microstructure of the cladding layer was found to consist of three zones: a top cladding zone mainly comprising CoMoCr; an internal zone comprising a cellular microstructure; and the interface zone which was a mixture of CoMoCr and 718H substrate. Compared to the 718H steel substrate with a microhardness of 345?Hv, the microhardness of the cladding coating showed a significant improvement, with its value increasing to 794?Hv. The wear results confirmed that the wear resistance was enhanced after laser cladding CoMoCr alloy powder.     

超声冲击细化FGH95镍基高温合金激光熔覆层组织

采用超声冲击工艺对FGH95镍基高温合金激光熔覆层进行处理. 利用金相显微镜分析超声冲击前后激光熔覆层微观组织的变化特征,采用图像分析软件Image-Pro Plus测量晶粒尺寸,并对超声冲击处理前后熔覆层截面的显微维氏硬度进行了对比分析. 结果表明, 超声冲击处理后熔覆层发生塑性变形,并沿深度方向晶粒具有不同程度的细化. 强塑性变形区内位错塞积现象显著,熔覆层组织形成细化的小晶块;次塑性变形区深度范围为0.1~0.25 mm,其微观组织中存在大量细化的树状枝晶;微塑性变形区内等轴晶细化至5.4 μm,细化深度达0.7 mm. 超声冲击处理后熔覆层显微维氏硬度显著增大,表面显微维氏硬度值最大为594.25 HV,相比未经冲击熔覆层提高1.3倍.     

304LN不锈钢表面激光熔覆钴基合金组织和性能

为了提高304LN不锈钢的耐磨性,延长控制棒导向筒组件使用寿命,采用激光熔覆技术在304LN不锈钢表面制备了Stellite 6钴基熔覆层.利用光学显微镜(OM)、能谱仪(EDS)、显微硬度计、摩擦磨损试验机、腐蚀试验装置等多种试验测试设备,分析了熔覆层组织形貌、成分、显微硬度、摩擦磨损性能及腐蚀行为,确定了多道多层钴基熔覆层的工艺参数.结果表明,熔覆层与基体之间形成了冶金结合,显微组织主要由平面晶区、胞状和柱状晶区、树枝晶区和等轴晶区组成.熔覆层硬度为500 ~ 550 HV,摩擦磨损系数为0.30 ~ 0.35,熔覆层均匀腐蚀速率和缝隙腐蚀速率分别为0.153 和0.143 mg/(dm2·d). 激光熔覆钴基合金可以有效提高304LN不锈钢表面的硬度、耐磨性能和耐腐蚀性能.     

CeO_2对NiCrBSi激光熔敷层组织和性能的影响

ＣｅＯ２对ＮｉＣｒＢＳｉ激光熔敷层组织和性能的影响田保红吴磊郑世安（洛阳工学院）杨院生（中科院金属研究所）在金属材料表面进行激光熔敷以获得特殊表面性能的研究已取得很大进展，并已用于生产，其中以镍基自熔合金应用最广［１～４］。但目前仍存在敷层与基体结合...     

Improvement of the oxidation and wear resistance of pure Ti by laser cladding at elevated temperature

NiCrBSi and NiCrBSi/WC-Ni composite coatings were produced on pure Ti substrates by the laser cladding technology. Thermal gravimetric (TG) analysis was used to evaluate the high temperature oxidation resistance of the laser cladding coatings. The friction and wear behavior was tested through sliding against the Si₃N₄ ball at elevated temperatures of 300 °C and 500 °C. Besides, the morphologies of the worn surfaces and wear debris were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and three dimensional non-contact surface mapping. The results show that the microhardness, high temperature oxidation resistance and high temperature wear resistance of the pure Ti substrates are greatly increased. For the pure Ti substrate, the wear behavior is dominated by adhesive wear, abrasive wear and severe plastic deformation, while both laser cladding coatings, involving only mild abrasive and fatigue wear, are able to prevent the substrates from severe adhesion and abrasive wear. In particular, the laser cladding NiCrBSi/WC-Ni composite coating shows better high temperature wear resistance than the NiCrBSi coating, which is due to the formation of a hard WC phase in the composite coating.     

Laser cladding of Ti-6Al-4V alloy with TiC and TiC+NiCrBSi powders

Laser cladding of Ti-6Al-4V alloy with TiC and TiC+NiCrBSi powders was carried out, and microstructure, as well as microhardness profile, in the clad layers was examined. The results showed that, in the TiC clad layer, TiC was melted and solidified to form dendrites in the clad zone, and dissolved into the melted Ti-alloy substrate and precipitated to form well-developed dendrites in the dilution zone. With increasing specific laser energy, the dilution effect of the Ti-alloy substrate was enhanced, and the microhardness decreased in both the clad and the dilution zones. In the TiC+NiCrBSi laser clad layers, TiC particles dissolved into the melted Ni-based alloy (binder material) in the clad zone. With increasing specific laser energy, the degree of solution of TiC particles was increased. During cooling, fine spherical particles and dendrites of TiC precipitated from the Ni-based alloy. When the TiC volume fraction increased to more than 50%, clustering of TiC particles was observed in the clad zone. The clustering of TiC particles resulted in a decrease in the homogeneity of the microstructure and microhardness distribution in the clad zone. The dilution zone of the TiC+NiCrBSi clad layers is a mutually melted region of the Ni-based alloy and titanium-alloy substrate and presents a microstructure of dendrites.     

TiC-NiCrBSi复合材料的激光熔覆成形性分析

在一定的熔覆工艺下获得完整无缺陷的熔覆层,直接决定激光熔覆陶瓷-金属复合材料(MMC)的实际应用.利用CO2激光器在低碳钢表面制备"TiC-NiCrBSi"陶瓷-金属熔覆层,通过调整粉末配方改善熔覆层的表面成形和组织均匀性,通过分析气孔和裂纹的产生原因,采取对应措施获得了无缺陷熔覆层.结果表明,TiC质量分数可增加到40%,加入适量钼铁可改善表面成形以及TiC在组织中的分布均匀性;激光熔覆层中的裂纹为冷裂纹,镍基合金中加入TiC可因其变质剂作用而抑制裂纹的产生,但钼铁加入量过大则会促使产生裂纹.熔覆层中的气孔因使用有机粘结剂而产生,降低激光扫描速率或采用无机粘结剂可消除气孔.     

超细VC对激光熔覆H13合金显微组织和耐磨性的影响

目的 通过添加超细VC颗粒改善Q235合金表面激光熔覆H13涂层的显微组织,并提高其耐磨性.方法 利用激光熔覆技术在Q235表面制备了H13/VC复合涂层,利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、显微硬度仪以及摩擦磨损试验仪,研究了超细VC颗粒不同添加量对涂层微观结构、显微硬度和摩擦磨损性能的影响.结果 激光熔覆H13/VC复合涂层...     

TC4钛合金表面激光熔覆掺Y2O3复合涂层的显微组织和性能

目的提高钛合金表面的耐磨性能。方法在TiB_2:TiC=1:3的粉末配比下,添加不同质量分数Y_2O_3稀土氧化物,制备成膏状混合粉末。采用5 k W横流CO_2激光器,在TC4钛合金表面激光熔覆掺Y_2O_3的TiB_2和TiC粉末,制备耐磨性复合涂层。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)对激光熔覆层的微观形貌和组织成分进行了分析;用显微维氏硬度计对熔覆层的显微硬度进行了测量;用万能摩擦磨损试验机对熔覆层的耐磨性能进行了测试。结果添加4%Y_2O_3后,熔覆层中部组织明显细化,结合区由致密组织结构转变为晶须网状结构;熔覆层的最高显微硬度为1404.6HV0.2,是基体的3.7倍;熔覆层的磨损量减少了66.67%,且其摩擦系数有明显的降低。结论添加4%Y_2O_3对TC4钛合金表面激光熔覆TiB/TiC复合熔覆层耐磨性能有显著的提高。     

Effect of power on microstructure and properties of laser cladding NiCrBSi composite coating

A laser clad NiCrBSi composite coating was fabricated on the surface of 42CrMo steel using 6?kW fibre laser. The morphology and composition of the composite coating formed under different powers were studied using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy. The microhardness and wear resistance were measured with a MICROMET-5103 digital microhardness tester and a MM-200 ring-block wear testing machine, respectively. The results showed that the cladding layer and the substrate have good metallurgical bonding. The microstructure nearing the fusion line is a columnar grain and that of the cladding layer is mainly a cellular grain. The main phases of the laser cladding layer are γ-Ni, (Fe,Ni), M₇C₃, M₂₃C₆ and CrB. The dilution rate of the laser cladding layer increased with the increase of laser power. The microhardness of the cladding layers decreased with the increase of laser power, and wear resistance of the cladding layer first increased and then decreased with the increase of laser power. When the laser power was 2000?W, the wear resistance of the composite coating was at its highest.     

S31000不锈钢表面激光熔覆Stellite12合金层的组织和性能

针对高温阀门密封副易发生擦伤、碰伤等问题,采用激光熔覆技术在S31000不锈钢密封副基体表面制备了Stellite12合金层。通过光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计及均匀腐蚀全浸试验,研究了熔覆层微观组织、显微硬度和均匀腐蚀性能。结果表明,熔覆层与基体形成了良好的冶金结合,微观组织主要由平面晶、柱状晶和等轴晶的枝晶结构组成。熔覆层显微硬度较高,平均显微硬度为600.68 HV0.3;基体的显微硬度最低,平均显微硬度为204.57 HV0.3。相比于S31000不锈钢的腐蚀速率,表面激光熔覆Stellite12合金后,腐蚀速率显著降低。同时,S31000不锈钢表现出尺寸不均的腐蚀坑现象,Stellite12合金层表现出较均匀的腐蚀行为,但在晶界处的腐蚀现象比晶内更为明显。     

多道搭接钴基合金激光熔覆层的组织与性能

以钴基合金粉作熔覆材料,利用激光熔覆技术在42CrMo基体表面制备高性能熔覆层。使用光学显微镜观察熔覆层的宏观形貌以及显微组织,采用显微硬度计、摩擦磨损试验仪测量基体与熔覆层的显微硬度及摩擦因数曲线并分析了其磨损机理。结果表明,熔覆层中的组织类型为平面晶、胞状晶和柱状晶,组织形态呈梯度分布。熔覆层平均硬度达到650 HV0.3,是基体平均硬度的2.7倍,其摩擦因数为0.275左右,比基体的摩擦因数小0.075左右。     

6061铝合金表面激光熔覆稀土CeO_2+Ni60组织及摩擦磨损性能

为提高铝合金的表面性能,利用激光熔覆技术在6061铝合金表面制备了添加稀土Ce O2的Ni60熔覆层,并通过金相显微镜、SEM、显微维氏硬度计和摩擦磨损试验机等设备研究了CeO2对Ni60熔覆层组织结构、硬度及摩擦磨损性能的影响.结果表明,加入2%的Ce O2可有效地减少熔覆层中的裂纹、孔洞和夹杂物,促进晶粒细化,提高熔覆层的组织均匀性、表面硬度及耐磨损性能;在相同磨粒磨损条件下,CeO2+Ni60熔覆层的耐磨性是铝合金的7.1倍,是Ni60熔覆层的1.6倍;Ni60熔覆层可以显著降低铝合金表面摩擦系数,而添加稀土CeO2能提高Ni60熔覆层的摩擦系数稳定性,从而改善Ce O2+Ni60熔覆层的耐磨性能.     

车轮材料表面h-BN/CaF_2/Fe基激光熔覆涂层组织与磨损性能

激光熔覆铁基合金涂层的摩擦因数及磨损率均较高,h-BN和CaF_2作为固体添加剂已应用于激光熔覆处理,然而含h-BN和CaF_2的铁基熔覆涂层在列车车轮材料表面的磨损性能及最佳含量尚不清楚。因此,以不同比例的h-BN(0～2%)、CaF_2(2%～0)和Fe基合金(98%)粉末为熔覆材料,在列车车轮材料表面制备合金涂层,对激光熔覆车轮试样进行滚动摩擦磨损试验。结果表明:涂层微观组织主要由枝晶组织和共晶组织构成,硬度约800 HV_(0.3),表面存在残余压应力,其值为800～1 300MPa。加入h-BN粉末可将黏着系数降低至0.35～0.39,激光熔覆车轮试样表面以滚动接触疲劳损伤为主,裂纹在表面产生并在塑性变形层内扩展。随h-BN含量增加和CaF_2含量减小,微观组织尺寸、黏着系数、磨损率、滚动接触疲劳裂纹长度和深度均呈先减小后增加趋势。h-BN、CaF_2和Fe基合金质量比为1%:1%:98%时,涂层微观组织最致密、残余压应力最大、耐磨与抗疲劳性能最优。研究结果可为激光熔覆技术在列车车轮上的应用与优化提供理论与技术指导。     

激光重熔对材料表面激光熔覆层的影响

熔覆层中的裂纹是激光熔覆技术应用的主要障碍。为了提高熔覆层的性能,抑制裂纹扩展,采用CO2激光器在45钢表面激光熔覆了Ni25合金粉末,然后采用不同工艺参数对熔覆层进行激光重熔处理研究。实验结果表明,激光重熔能够减少熔覆层中的裂纹和气孔,使熔覆层表面变的平整,颗粒状组织消失。较慢的激光扫描速度更有利于降低熔覆层的残余应力,减少缺陷。激光重熔后材料表面的显微硬度有所降低。研究结果对激光熔覆技术的应用具有实用价值。     

激光器(Nd:YAG)工艺参数对熔覆层组织的影响

研究了采用Al、Si和Al2O3混合粉对AZ91D镁合金表面进行激光熔覆的工艺和熔覆层组织。激光加工是在一个5 kW固体激光器(Nd:YAG)上进行的,研究了Si和Al2O3颗粒在熔覆层中的体积分数、分布、形貌及其组织。较系统地研究了激光工艺参数对其组织和熔覆层显微硬度的影响。结果表明,熔覆层的平均显微硬度比基体AZ91D的(HV0.0560~70)高很多,可达HV0.05210;并且,随着激光功率的增加,熔覆层的显微硬度下降,这种情况在较低功率(小于2 kW)时更为明显。给出了用Al、Si和Al2O3混合粉激光熔覆AZ91D镁合金表面适当的工艺参数和均匀的复合层组织。     

面向薄壁件的激光熔覆修复工艺参数优化研究

目的减少薄壁零件激光熔覆修复时基板的变形量,提高成形质量。方法在前期单道单因素试验的基础上,通过三因素三水平正交试验在2mm厚的45钢上熔覆Fel合金粉末,分析了激光功率、扫描速度和送粉率对薄板变形行为的影响,并根据因素效应图分析基体变形量随各因素水平的变化,找出出现这种变化的原因。通过正交试验的极差分析提出了基体变形的公式,根据公式确定各因素对基体变形影响的主次关系,并根据变形结果,最终找到使基板变形最小的最优工艺参数。通过光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和显微硬度计,研究最优工艺参数下熔覆层的显微组织和硬度,并对在最优工艺参数下熔覆的试件进行成形质量评价。结果影响基板变形的因素主次顺序依次为:激光功率、扫描速度和送粉率。基板变形量最小且冶金结合良好的最佳工艺参数为:激光功率600 W,扫描速度12 mm/s,送粉率1.2 r/min。此工艺下所得熔覆层的最高硬度达到348HV,约是基体硬度的1.6倍。结论该工艺参数可以有效减少基体的变形且激光熔覆成形质量良好,基体表面得到显著强化。     

铁基合金+WC激光熔覆层的显微组织与性能

在Q235钢和QT-600球铁表面激光熔覆铁基合金+WC粉末.利用扫描电镜(SEM)、光学显微镜(OM)、能谱仪(EDS)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析了熔覆层的微观组织,测试了熔覆层硬度和磨损性能.结果表明,Q235钢表面熔覆层组织较细,熔覆层与基体结合界面波形不明显,且出现白亮层.QT-600球铁表面熔覆层组织粗大,界面波形较大,基体混入多,无白亮层,硬度、耐磨性相对较低.分析认为,组织与性能的不同是由于Q235钢熔点较高,熔化量少,且熔池冷速快,组织细化.QT-600球铁表面熔覆层组织不均匀,其中等轴品的耐磨性高于柱状晶,原因在于较细的等轴晶晶界较多,增大了滑动阻力.