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1.
Harter James K.; Schmidt Frank L.; Hayes Theodore L. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2002,87(2):268
Based on 7,939 business units in 36 companies, this study used meta-analysis to examine the relationship at the business-unit level between employee satisfaction-engagement and the business-unit outcomes of customer satisfaction, productivity, profit, employee turnover, and accidents. Generalizable relationships large enough to have substantial practical value were found between unit-level employee satisfaction-engagement and these business-unit outcomes. One implication is that changes in management practices that increase employee satisfaction may increase business-unit outcomes, including profit. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
2.
If major motives are satisfied in the context of work and career, then satisfaction with occupation should be a function of the discrepancy between personal needs and perceived potential of occupation for satisfying needs, particularly among those for whom occupation constitutes a major source of satisfaction (e.g., men rather than women), and in the instance of occupationally relevant needs, such as need achievement. The Edwards Personal Preference Schedule, a special rating scale, and a questionnaire were administered to 108 men and 95 women teachers. As predicted, discrepancy scores correlated .25 (p 相似文献
3.
Dyrenforth Portia S.; Kashy Deborah A.; Donnellan M. Brent; Lucas Richard E. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2010,99(4):690
Three very large, nationally representative samples of married couples were used to examine the relative importance of 3 types of personality effects on relationship and life satisfaction: actor effects, partner effects, and similarity effects. Using data sets from Australia (N = 5,278), the United Kingdom (N = 6,554), and Germany (N = 11,418) provided an opportunity to test whether effects replicated across samples. Actor effects accounted for approximately 6% of the variance in relationship satisfaction and between 10% and 15% of the variance in life satisfaction. Partner effects (which were largest for Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Emotional Stability) accounted for between 1% and 3% of the variance in relationship satisfaction and between 1% and 2% of the variance in life satisfaction. Couple similarity consistently explained less than .5% of the variance in life and relationship satisfaction after controlling for actor and partner effects. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
4.
Kotter-Grühn Dana; Kleinspehn-Ammerlahn Anna; Gerstorf Denis; Smith Jacqui 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2009,24(3):654
Satisfaction with one’s own aging and feeling young are indicators of positive well-being in late life. Using 16-year longitudinal data from participants of the Berlin Aging Study (P. B. Baltes & K. U. Mayer, 1999; N = 439; 70- to 100-year-olds), the authors examined whether and how these self-perceptions of aging change with age and how such changes relate to distance from death. Extending previous studies, they found that it is not only higher aging satisfaction and younger subjective age but also more favorable change patterns (e.g., less decline in aging satisfaction) that are uniquely associated with lower mortality hazards. These effects are robust after controls for objective measures such as age, gender, socioeconomic status, diagnosis of dementia, or number of illnesses. As individuals approach death, they become less satisfied with their aging and report feeling older. For aging satisfaction, mortality-related decline is much steeper than age-related decline, whereas change in subjective age is best characterized as an age-related process. The authors discuss how self-perceptions of aging are embedded in mechanisms underlying pathways of dying late in life. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
5.
Wrosch Carsten; Schulz Richard; Miller Gregory E.; Lupien Sonia; Dunne Erin 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2007,26(3):341
Objective: This study examined the protective role played by control behaviors aimed at overcoming physical health problems (health engagement control strategies; HECS) in the associations between older adults' physical health problems, depressive mood, and diurnal cortisol secretion. It was expected that adaptive levels of HECS would buffer the adverse effects of physical health problems on depressive mood and diurnal cortisol secretion. Design and Measures: Physical health problems and HECS were measured in a cross-sectional sample of 215 community-dwelling older adults. In addition, participants' depressive mood and patterns of diurnal cortisol secretion were assessed across 3 days. Results: The findings demonstrate that physical health problems predicted high levels of depressive mood and diurnal cortisol secretion, but only among older adults who reported low levels of HECS (and not among older adults who reported high levels of HECS). Moreover, depressive mood completely mediated the buffering effect of HECS on the association between physical health problems and cortisol secretion. Conclusion: The results suggest that adaptive levels of HECS represent a psychological mechanism that can protect older adults from experiencing the adverse emotional and biological consequences of physical health problems. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
6.
Netemeyer Richard G.; Maxham James G. III; Lichtenstein Donald R. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2010,95(3):530
Based on emotional contagion theory and the value–profit chain literatures, the present study posits a number of hypotheses that show how managers in the small store, small number of employees retail context may affect store employees, customers, and potentially store performance. With data from 306 store managers, 1,615 store customer-contact employees, and 57,656 customers of a single retail chain, the authors examined relationships among store manager job satisfaction and job performance, store customer-contact employee job satisfaction and job performance, customer satisfaction with the retailer, and a customer-spending-based store performance metric (customer spending growth over a 2-year period). Via path analysis, several hypothesized direct and interaction relations among these constructs are supported. The results suggest implications for academic researchers and retail managers. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
7.
Holtzer Roee; Friedman Rachel; Lipton Richard B.; Katz Mindy; Xue Xiaonan; Verghese Joe 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2007,21(5):540
The current study examined the relationship between cognitive function and falls in older people who did not meet criteria for dementia or mild cognitive impairment (N = 172). To address limitations of previous research, the authors controlled for the confounding effects of gait measures and other risk factors by means of associations between cognitive function and falls. A neuropsychological test battery was submitted to factor analysis, yielding 3 orthogonal factors (Verbal IQ, Speed/Executive Attention, Memory). Single and recurrent falls within the last 12 months were evaluated. The authors hypothesized that Speed/Executive Attention would be associated with falls. Additionally, the authors assessed whether associations between different cognitive functions and falls varied depending on whether single or recurrent falls were examined. Multivariate logistic regressions showed that lower scores on Speed/Executive Attention were associated with increased risk of single and recurrent falls. Lower scores on Verbal IQ were related only to increased risk of recurrent falls. Memory was not associated with either single or recurrent falls. These findings are relevant to risk assessment and prevention of falls and point to possible shared neural substrates of cognitive and motor function. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
8.
Objective: To investigate the relationship between perceived autonomy support, age, and rehabilitation adherence among sports-related injuries. Design: A prospective design measuring adherence over the entire rehabilitation period (8-10 weeks) was employed. Participants: 44 men and 26 women aged between 18 and 55 years took part in this study (M = 32.5 years, SD = 10.2). Method: Adherence was monitored via an observational measure of clinic-based adherence, a self-report measure of home-based adherence, and monitoring of attendance at rehabilitation sessions. Perceived autonomy support of participants was assessed during the last week of their rehabilitation. Results: High autonomy support provided by the physical therapist was related to better clinic-based adherence and attendance but not to home-based adherence. Age was related to all adherence indices and moderated the relationship between perceived autonomy support and clinic-based rehabilitation adherence. Conclusion: Findings indicate the importance of physical therapists providing an autonomous-supportive rehabilitation environment, particularly among older individuals. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
9.
Stawski Robert S.; Sliwinski Martin J.; Almeida David M.; Smyth Joshua M. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2008,23(1):52
A central goal of daily stress research is to identify resilience and vulnerability factors associated with exposure and reactivity to daily stressors. The present study examined how age differences and global perceptions of stress relate to exposure and emotional reactivity to daily stressors. Sixty-seven younger (Mage = 20) and 116 older (Mage = 80) adults completed a daily stress diary and measures of positive and negative affect on 6 days over a 14-day period. Participants also completed a measure of global perceived stress. Results revealed that reported exposure to daily stressors is reduced in old age but that emotional reactivity to daily stressors did not differ between younger and older adults. Global perceived stress was associated with greater reported exposure to daily stressors in older adults and greater stress-related increases in negative affect in younger adults. Furthermore, across days on which daily stressors were reported, intraindividual variability in the number and severity of stressors reported was associated with increased negative affect, but only among younger adults. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
10.
Objective: Older adults' performance on working memory (WM) span tasks is known to be negatively affected by the buildup of proactive interference (PI) across trials. PI has been reduced in verbal tasks and performance increased by presenting distinctive items across trials. In addition, reversing the order of trial presentation (i.e., starting with the longest sets first) has been shown to reduce PI in both verbal and visuospatial WM span tasks. We considered whether making each trial visually distinct would improve older adults' visuospatial WM performance, and whether combining the 2 PI-reducing manipulations, distinct trials and reversed order of presentation, would prove additive, thus providing even greater benefit. Method: Forty-eight healthy older adults (age range = 60–77 years) completed 1 of 3 versions of a computerized Corsi block test. For 2 versions of the task, trials were either all visually similar or all visually distinct, and were presented in the standard ascending format (shortest set size first). In the third version, visually distinct trials were presented in a reverse order of presentation (longest set size first). Results: Span scores were reliably higher in the ascending version for visually distinct compared with visually similar trials, F(1, 30) = 4.96, p = .03, η2 = .14. However, combining distinct trials and a descending format proved no more beneficial than administering the descending format alone. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that a more accurate measurement of the visuospatial WM span scores of older adults (and possibly neuropsychological patients) might be obtained by reducing within-test interference. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
11.
Watson Derrick G.; Maylor Elizabeth A.; Allen Gareth E. J.; Bruce Lucy A. M. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2007,33(3):549
Three experiments examined the effects of target-distractor (T-D) similarity and old age on the efficiency of searching for single targets and enumerating multiple targets. Experiment 1 showed that increasing T-D similarity selectively reduced the efficiency of enumerating small ( 相似文献
12.
Reports an error in the original article by Charles R. Strother, K. Warner Schaie, and Paul Horst (Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology, 1957[Sept], 55, 166-170. The cuts for Figs. 1 and 3 were erroneously transposed in printing. The graph labelled Fig. 1 is derived from the data shown in Table 4 and represents the corrected T-score values. The graph labelled Fig. 3 is derived from the data in Table 1 and shows the uncorrected values. (The following abstract of this article originally appeared in record 1959-03294-001). Scores on primary mental abilities, speed, memory, and motor rigidity were obtained from 50 college graduates ranging in age from 70 to 84 years. A cross sectional study demonstrates a differential decline in these abilities with advancing age. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
13.
Scores on primary mental abilities, speed, memory, and motor rigidity were obtained from 50 college graduates ranging in age from 70 to 84 years. A cross sectional study demonstrates a differential decline in these abilities with advancing age. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
14.
Why is Neuroticism so harmful to marriage and other intimate relationships? Given that such relationships generally involve a sexual component, the current longitudinal study explored whether the apparent negative impact of own and partner's Neuroticism on marriage could be explained by dissatisfaction with the sexual relationship. Just after their weddings, 72 couples reported their marital satisfaction, sexual satisfaction, and Neuroticism. One year later, they again reported their marital and sexual satisfaction. Own Neuroticism predicted lower levels of concurrent marital and sexual satisfaction among husbands and wives, declines in sexual satisfaction among husbands and wives, and declines in marital satisfaction among wives. Partner's Neuroticism predicted lower levels of concurrent marital satisfaction among husbands and wives, lower levels of concurrent sexual satisfaction among husbands, and declines in sexual satisfaction among husbands. Consistent with predictions, sexual satisfaction mediated every effect of own and partner Neuroticism on marital satisfaction. Results highlight the prominent role played by the sexual relationship in accounting for marital outcomes and thus suggest specific processes through which Neuroticism may affect the marriage. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
15.
Mitnick Danielle M.; Heyman Richard E.; Malik Jill; Slep Amy M. Smith 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2009,23(4):464
Although research supports the negative sequelae of the “demand/withdrawal” pattern, research is scant on the impact of “nondemanding” change requests (e.g., specific, increasing, “we” requests). We hypothesize that such change requests will be associated with less partner withdrawal/resistance, better problem resolution, and greater relationship satisfaction. Seventy-two conversations between couples who were recruited through random digit dialing were coded for change request qualities. Results indicate that wife specific and “we” requests led to less husband resistance, and husband increasing and “we” requests led to less wife resistance. Greater percentages of wife and husband specific and “we” requests were related to better problem resolution in the conversation, and greater percentages of wife specific and “we” requests were related to greater wife satisfaction. Research and clinical implications are detailed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
16.
Wright Thomas A.; Cropanzano Russell; Bonett Douglas G. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2007,12(2):93
This research provides further clarification to the age-old quest to better understand the happy/productive worker thesis. Using data from 109 managers employed by a large (over 5000 employees) customer services organization on the West Coast of the United States, both job satisfaction (r = .36, p 相似文献
17.
Wahlin ?ke; MacDonald Stuart W. S.; de Frias Cindy M.; Nilsson Lars-G?ran; Dixon Roger A. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2006,21(2):318
Much research on cognitive competence in normal older adults has documented age and sex differences. The authors used new cross-sectional data from the Victoria Longitudinal Study (VLS) (n = 386; age 61 to 95 years) to examine how health and biological age influence age and sex differences in cognitive aging. The authors found evidence for both moderating and mediating influences. Age differences were moderated by health status, such that the negative effects of age were most pronounced among participants of relatively better health. Sex differences were moderated by health and were more pronounced among participants reporting comparatively poorer health. Although health mediated a notable amount of age-related cognitive variation, BioAge mediated considerably more variance, even after statistical control for differences in health. A complex pattern emerged for the mediation of sex differences: Although BioAge accounted for sex-related variation in cognitive performance, health operated to suppress these differences. Overall, both health and BioAge predicted cognitive variation independently of chronological age. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
18.
Story T. Nathan; Berg Cynthia A.; Smith Timothy W.; Beveridge Ryan; Henry Nancy J. M.; Pearce Gale 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2007,22(4):719
This study examined whether positive sentiment override (greater positive appraisal of spouse's affiliative behavior than is warranted by observed behavior) occurred more frequently in older compared with middle-aged married couples and whether age differences were mediated by older adults' greater marital satisfaction when controlling for optimism. Participants included 270 middle-aged (40-50 years old) and older (60-70 years old) couples who discussed a marital disagreement and completed an errand task. Couples provided appraisals of their spouse's affiliation, and the authors coded affiliative interactions using the structural analysis of social behavior. Hierarchical multivariate linear modeling indicated that older husbands and wives viewed their spouse's behavior as more positive during disagreement interactions than did independent observers; in the errand task, only older wives demonstrated positive sentiment override. Age differences in positive sentiment override were mediated by marital satisfaction, even when controlling for optimism. The results are consistent with theories of emotion regulation, such as socioemotional selectivity theory, that suggest that older adults are biased toward the positive aspects of close relationships. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
19.
This study investigated the impact of computer-mediated communication on teamwork by examining 40 4-person teams working in either face-to-face or computer conferencing environments. Results were consistent with the belief that computer-mediated teams have trouble maintaining mutual knowledge. Compared with their face-to-face counterparts, computer-mediated teams viewed their discussions as more confusing and less satisfying, spent more time devising decisions, and felt less content with their outcomes. Discussion time mediated the relationship between the communication medium and outcome satisfaction. Confusion and outcome dissatisfaction predicted inaccuracies when members independently recorded team decisions; accordingly, the electronic communication medium reduced decision recording accuracy. By clarifying several shortcomings associated with computer conferencing, these results can be used to inform choices when selecting and developing effective team communication media. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
20.
Urban communities, with their myriad systemic problems of poverty, social dysfunction, and diminishing public and private resources compounded by endemic health and economic disparities, provide the single psychologist practitioner with a rewarding opportunity to become involved in urban community activities and to make a positive impact. Finding common ground for discourse and action with community members can benefit both the community and the psychologist by helping them to identify, understand, and engage the community in developing solutions for community-based problems faced by residents on a daily basis. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献