凝胶注模成形制备TiAl合金实验研究

将凝胶注模成形技术应用于制备钛铝合金中,分别以氢化钛粉和铝粉、钛粉和铝粉为原料,经过低温烧结制成TiAl合金粉,经凝胶注模成形后通过脱胶和高温无压烧结制备了TiAl合金制件。结果表明:钛、铝粉在500℃保温2 h,再在600℃保温3 h得到TiAl合金粉,氢化钛、铝粉在750℃保温3 h得到TiAl合金粉;烧结工艺分别为1450℃保温2 h和1400℃保温2 h,可以得到致密度不同的制件,它们的致密度分别为91%和96.75%。     

Synthesis of Ultrafine Crystal/Nanocrystalline TiAl-based Alloy by in Situ Sintering

本文研究了原位烧结法制备TiAl基超细晶/纳米晶合金。首先,通过球磨方式细化TiH2, Al, Si 和 Nb 粉,然后将球磨后粉末进行放电等离子烧结。利用X-射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和透射电镜分析球磨粉末及其烧结块体的特性,利用差热分析仪测试高温抗氧化性。试验结果显示,球磨过程中产生了非晶、Ti3Al纳米晶和TiH2的分解产物,球磨后粉末经高温烧结时,这些细小粉末迅速地转变成TiAl和Ti3Al相,TiAl相的晶粒尺寸为500nm~1μm,Ti3Al相为几个纳米,这种超细烧结组织在1000℃下非常稳定,而且具有良好的抗氧化性。     

原位烧结法合成超细晶/纳米晶TiAl基合金（英文）

研究了原位烧结法制备TiAl基超细晶/纳米晶合金。首先,通过球磨方式细化TiH2,Al,Si和Nb粉,然后将球磨后粉末进行放电等离子烧结。利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和透射电镜分析球磨粉末及其烧结块体的特性,利用差热分析仪测试高温抗氧化性。试验结果显示,球磨过程中产生了非晶、Ti3Al纳米晶和TiH2的分解产物,球磨后粉末经高温烧结时,这些细小粉末迅速地转变成TiAl和Ti3Al相,TiAl相的晶粒尺寸为500 nm~1μm,Ti3Al相为几个纳米,这种超细烧结组织在1000℃下非常稳定,而且具有良好的抗氧化性。     

等离子体烧结制备TiNi合金的表征

将高能球磨制备的原子比为1:1的Ti Ni合金粉进行等离子体真空烧结。利用XRD、EDS和SEM对合金粉和烧结样进行了成分与微观形貌的表征,同时对烧结样进行了硬度测试。结果表明:球磨22 h后Ti Ni粉呈非晶态粉末,球磨30 h后的TiNi合金粉发生了明显的固相反应,生成了TiNi、Ni_3Ti、Ti_3Ni_4等物相。等离子体烧结样的物相是Ti Ni,Ni_4Ti_3、Ni_3Ti和Ti_2Ni。平均晶粒尺寸约2μm,平均硬度(HV)达到9000 MPa,自然时效1年后的平均硬度达到6800MPa,是常规电弧熔炼法制备的Ti Ni合金的2~5倍。     

原位反应合成TiN/Al2O3复合陶瓷

研究了Ti,Al和TiO2混合粉体经无特殊气氛保护的高能球磨和真空热压烧结工艺原位合成了TiN/Al2O3复合材料,该材料的抗弯强度达到850 MPa,断裂韧性为5.5 MPa.m1/2.利用DTA,XRD及SEM等手段的分析测试结果,结合热力学计算,研究了该粉体的高能球磨过程和球磨粉体在后续热处理中的物相形成及转化规律.结果表明:在球磨过程中粉料吸附并溶解了空气中的N2和O2气,在后续热压烧结处理中首先原位反应形成了Ti2AIN,Al2O3以及TiAl,Ti3Al,TiAl3等金属间化合物相.随温度的升高Ti2AIN逐渐分解形成TiN相,当热压温度升高到1300℃时,其它物相基本消失,从而形成了FiN/Al2O3复合材料.     

双步球磨法制备纳米晶结构TiAl基合金粉末的研究

以元素粉末为起始粉末,采用双步球磨法(球磨+热处理+球磨)制备TiAl基纳米晶多相结构粉末(粉末成分为Ti-47Al(at%)、Ti-45Al-2Cr-2Nb-1B-0.5Ta(at%)).采用xRD、SEM、EDs、DTA、粒度分布仪对两种粉末颗粒在球磨和热处理过程中的特性进行了表征和分析.结果表明,采用双步球磨法制备的多相结构纳米晶粉末杂质含量低,粒度分布均匀,合金元素弥散分布.一步球磨6 h获得Ti/Al均匀复合结构及实现Ti(Al)部分固溶;700℃,2 h热处理获得Ti3Al、Ti、Al3Ti、TiAl相,Al相已经消失;二步球磨实现晶粒尺寸、颗粒尺寸进一步细化.     

Ti2 AIC三元可加工陶瓷原位反应合成的研究

以Ti粉、Al粉和活性炭粉体为原料,采用高能球磨及真空热压烧结技术制备纯度较高的Ti2AIC陶瓷,通过DSC、XRD等测试手段研究了该工艺的反应合成过程,并重点分析了Al含量对反应过程及材料微结构的影响.结果表明,Al含量对合成Ti2AIC陶瓷有很大的影响,当体系中Al含量为28%时,在氩气保护下高能球磨12 h,形成以Ti、TiC和Ti-AI金属间化合物为主的复合粉体,该复合粉体在1 300℃真空热压烧结即可获得单一物相Ti2AlC块体.     

反应机械合金化/退火制备Al2O3/Fe3Si纳米复合粉体

以Fe2O3粉、Si粉和Al粉为原料,采用反应机械合金化/退火法制备出了Al2O3/Fe3Si纳米复合粉体。利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对复合粉体球磨以及退火过程中的固态反应过程、表面形貌进行表征。研究表明,Fe2O3-Si-Al混合粉体球磨5 h后发生反应生成Al2 O3、Fe5 Si3、Fe3 Si、FeSi,球磨20 h后生成Al2 O3/Fe3 Si,球磨20 h的粉体在900℃条件下退火1 h的组成物相未发生变化,复合粉体颗粒呈球形,其尺寸为5μm左右,分布均匀,组成相Al2O3和Fe3Si的晶粒尺寸分别为26.6 nm和28.3 nm。     

Ti-48at%Al机械合金化过程中物相演变及热力学分析

采用X-ray衍射分析了Ti-48at%Al混合粉末在高能球磨过程中的物相演变,用Miedema理论模型计算有序Ti/Al金属间化合物和非晶态的形成自由能。结果表明,Ti和Al元素粉末在机械合金化过程中的物相演变为:Ti+Al→无序fcc Ti(Al)固溶体、Ti Al、Ti Al3、Ti3Al→Ti Al3、Ti3Al→非晶,球磨3 h后出现了无序fcc Ti(Al)固溶体、Ti Al、Ti Al3和Ti3Al,高能球磨9 h后转化为无序非晶。经Miedema理论模型计算出各物相间在T=300 K时的自由能差,从热力学理论上证实了高能球磨Ti-48at%Al合金化过程的物相演变规律。     

双步球磨与放电等离子烧结制备细晶TiAl合金

采用双步球磨法和放电等离子烧结(SPS)技术制备细晶Ti-47Al(at%)合金,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)仪以及透射电子显微镜(TEM)等分析测试手段对球磨后的粉末形貌结构、相组成以及烧结块体的显微组织结构进行观察和分析。结果表明:双步球磨粉末的颗粒形状较规则,其颗粒尺寸在20~40μm之间,内部结构均匀,主要由TiAl和Ti3Al相组成。放电等离子烧结后的块体主要由主相TiAl和少量的Ti3Al相及Ti2Al相组成,随着烧结温度的升高,Ti3Al相含量有所增加。当烧结温度为1000℃时,烧结块体获得的主要是等轴晶组织,等轴晶粒尺寸大多数在100~250nm之间。当烧结温度为1100℃时,烧结块体致密、无孔洞,等轴晶粒有明显长大的现象,显微组织主要由等轴状的TiAl相和片层状的Ti3Al相组成。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.