轨道式焊接机器人的虚拟样机设计与仿真

针对受损的水轮机叶片等具有空间复杂曲面结构,在其安装位置直接进行修复工作,设计了一种基于移动平台的焊接机器人虚拟样机。为确定焊枪末端与机器人6个关节之间的运动关系,建立虚拟样机DH坐标系,借助Matlab软件得到运动学方程正、逆解。将在Solid Works软件中建立的焊接机器人三维模型,导入ADAMS仿真软件进行运动学分析。仿真结果表明:机器人在狭窄空间启动时,由滑动、转动关节运动引起的焊枪末端空间位移变化小,速度、加速度曲线变化平缓,无任何突变,证明了该虚拟样机设计的有效性,满足基坑内的焊接工作要求。     

名优茶并联采摘机器人逆向运动学分析

结合并联机构的特点及茶叶采摘技术,创新性地开展了名优茶并联采摘机器人的研究。建立了机器人逆向运动学模型,利用齐次坐标变换计算出机器人运动学逆解;并在给定运动激励下,在MATLAB中绘制出动平台驱动臂的转角曲线。运用Pro/E绘制机器人三维图并导入ADAMS,建立了机器人虚拟样机模型,通过仿真获得驱动臂的转角曲线。上述两种方法的比较结果验证了机器人逆向运动学问题计算的正确性,同时表明了ADAMS仿真结果具有较好的精确性,并在此基础上制作了机器人原理样机。     

基于ADAMS的六自由度串联机器人运动学仿真研究

借助ADAMS仿真软件建立了六自由度串联机器人的虚拟样机模型,对其运动学问题进行了仿真研究。通过对末端执行器添加点驱动,设置期望轨迹参数方程,仿真测量得到各个关节角度变化的曲线,通过对曲线的拟合,最终得到运动学逆解。利用六个关节的运动驱动,仿真得到机器人末端执行器的位移与速度曲线,其变化平稳,无突变现象。通过在ADAMS平台上进行仿真,可直观的了解到机器人运动过程中的各连杆、各关节及末端执行器的运行状态,为机器人轨迹规划、动力学分析及离线编程、物理样机实验等提供依据。     

基于ADAMS的SCARA机器人运动学仿真研究

对SCARA机器人进行正逆运动学分析以及轨迹规划仿真时,不易直观地验证运动学算法的正确性和轨迹规划的效果。为解决以上问题,基于ADAMS软件环境,建立了SCARA机器人的三维虚拟样机模型,结合SCARA机器人的正逆运动学在笛卡尔空间对其末端规划一段圆弧路径轨迹,并将该圆弧路径轨迹数据导入虚拟样机模型中进行轨迹规划的仿真。结果表明,该系统为SCARA机器人运动学分析及轨迹规划方法的仿真验证提供了一个有效的平台。     

基于SCARA机器人的运动学分析及关节解耦

应用牧野坐标系建立SCARA机器人运动学模型,采用回转变换张量法计算运动学正、逆解。针对机械臂末端关节滚珠丝杠滚珠花键运动耦合,完成运动学解耦。采用ADAMS建立虚拟模型,进行运动仿真,验证了运动学解耦的正确性,为SCARA机器人的运动控制提供理论依据。     

ADAMS环境下并联坐标测量机运动分析与仿真

并联机构的运动学分析即是求解并联机构的输入与输出构件的位移、速度、加速度之间的关系。文章以基于Stewart平台的六自由度并联机构坐标测量机为研究对象,在ADAMS软件环境下建立了六自由度并联坐标测量机的虚拟样机模型,然后基于虚拟样机对所研究的并联坐标测量机进行了运动学仿真。通过软件仿真,可以对并联坐标测量机各种运动性能产生直观的了解,从而为并联坐标测量机的设计与开发提供软件验证方法,为建立物理样机打下坚实的基础。同时利用虚拟样机技术还可以大大简化并联坐标测量机的运动学逆解和正解,为进一步对并联坐标测量机的系统优化创造了有利条件。     

基于虚拟样机的DELTA并联机械手动力学仿真和伺服选型

通过编程逆解DELTA机械手最大运动空间轨迹;采用虚拟样机技术,利用ProE/Mechanism和ADAMS软件对DELTA并联机械手进行动力学仿真,对比验证机构仿真结果,得出驱动轴运动参数;在此基础上,提出一种伺服电机精确选型的新方法。所建立的虚拟样机模型也为DELTA机械手的研究提供了一个运动学分析和控制的平台。     

基于ADAMS的6R机器人控制模型研究

机器人的控制是机器人领域的一大难点。提出了一种机器人新的控制模型,即运用三维建模软件建立机器人的虚拟样机模型,再利用虚拟样机软件ADAMS进行动力学正、逆问题分析。为了验证模型的可靠性,将利用拉格朗日方法建立的动力学模型与利用ADAMS得到的模型进行对比,并利用ADAMS+Matlab联合仿真对机器人进行控制算法仿真。结果证明了该方案的可行性。     

基于MATLAB的采摘机器人运动特性分析与仿真研究

以RB03型六自由度机器人为研究对象,将其应用于农业果蔬的自动化采摘领域。利用D-H法建立关节坐标系统,确定连杆参数,推导出运动学方程,并求解运动学正解和逆解。在MATLAB软件的Robotics Toolbox平台下,进行运动学建模与仿真,验证了求解过程的正确性,运用蒙特卡洛法生成该机器人在关节允许范围内的工作空间云图,分析其在空间运动的极限位置。仿真结果表明:该机器人结构设计合理,满足工作要求,并为后续的运动控制和路径规划提供了依据。     

捡拾机器人机械手运动学分析与仿真

为解决训练场高尔夫球、网球、乒乓球等小球类物体捡拾问题,设计一种五自由度捡拾机器人机械手结构。采用D-H法建立机械手坐标系和参数表,推导出末端坐标系位姿模型,并求解出运动学逆解。运用正运动学分析求解机械手工作空间,证实其空间满足小球类物体目标工作区域。在ADAMS环境中完成虚拟样机的建立,选定目标捡拾点和放置点,根据逆运动学求解结果,对各关节设置相应驱动函数,进行实例仿真验证。结果表明:机械手活动范围在工作空间内,运动规律合理,逆运动学求解正确,能够完成小球类物体捡拾任务。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.