环境友好型阻燃高回弹聚氨酯软泡性能

开发环境友好型聚氨酯是目前聚氨酯（polyurethane,PU）泡沫塑料领域的热点课题。在PU中引入大豆分离蛋白质（soy protein isolate,SPI）,采用阻燃聚醚制备了环境友好型阻燃高回弹聚氨酯软泡。研究了SPI的不同添加方式及用量对聚氨酯软泡物理、力学、阻燃和生物降解性能的影响。结果表明,SPI以添加的方式而不是替代聚醚的方式加入软泡性能更好;少量添加SPI可以提高PU软泡的开孔率、密度、压陷硬度、舒适因子、回弹率和断裂伸长率,对压缩永久变形率、拉伸强度和极限氧指数影响不大。SPI改变了PU的硬段结构,可以有效促进聚氨酯泡沫的生物降解。     

MDI基聚氨酯慢回弹床垫泡沫的舒适性研究

通过对不同泡沫密度、不同异氰酸酯指数的MDI基聚氨酯慢回弹泡沫进行舒适因子、温度敏感性、透气性、压力分布等测试，研究了MDI基聚氨酯慢回弹床垫泡沫的舒适性。结果表明，增加泡沫密度有利于提高慢回弹泡沫的舒适因子，也有利于减小慢回弹泡沫的温度敏感性；MDI基聚氨酯慢回弹泡沫在较宽的密度及异氰酸酯指数范围内具有良好的透气性，且压力分布均匀，舒适性较高。     

催化体系对聚氨酯泡孔结构及其力学性能的影响

在A1/A33催化体系下,采用新型聚合物聚醚多元醇36/28和普通聚醚多元醇330N与TM300体系反应,制备了一种高回弹聚氨酯泡沫.考察了催化体系对聚氨酯泡沫泡孔结构以及性能的影响,探讨了孔径大小与泡沫力学性能的关系.结果表明,制品的力学性能与聚氨酯泡沫的孔径大小并不是简单的线性关系,还受泡沫开闭孔率的影响,当催化体...     

发泡剂和扩链剂/交联剂对聚酯型聚氨酯泡沫的影响

采用预聚体法制备聚酯型聚氨酯泡沫,利用全水发泡,分别采用1,4-丁二醇(BDO)和三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)做扩链剂和交联剂,考查三者对聚酯型聚氨酯泡沫的性能影响。结果表明:随着水用量的增加,泡沫密度不断下降,力学性能增加,回弹性能呈现先增加后减小的趋势,当水的用量为2. 5～3质量份时泡沫的各项性能最均衡;扩链剂和交联剂的加入使泡沫的力学性能得到提升,同时会降低回弹性能,最佳的扩链剂和交联剂的配比为1. 5质量份的BDO和0. 5质量份的TMP。     

聚氨酯/咖啡渣泡沫的发泡行为和慢回弹性能研究

利用废弃生物质咖啡渣（CFG）填充反应改性制备具有慢回弹特性的聚氨酯泡沫,对其发泡行为,泡沫的回弹特性、力学性能和隔热性能进行研究。结果表明,CFG参与聚氨酯聚合的链增长反应,同时减少二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)与水反应产生的发泡气体量。此外,CFG含量对泡孔结构和泡沫性能具有影响作用。在40 %（质量分数,下同）的CFG填加量时,聚氨酯泡沫的开孔率从57 %降低至15 %;其拉伸强度和模量分别提高至0.15 MPa和33.5 MPa,热导率降低至0.050 W/（m·K）;在37 ℃下,其回弹时间大于3 s,具有良好的慢回弹特性;CFG填充改性具有对慢回弹聚氨酯泡沫泡孔结构和性能的调控效应。     

低密度及阻燃低密度高回弹聚氨酯泡沫研制

采用聚醚多元醇和阻燃聚合物多元醇为主要原料,制备了低密度及阻燃低密度高回弹聚氨酯泡沫,讨论了低密度高回弹聚氨酯泡沫性能及阻燃聚合物多元醇TM-300用量对聚氨酯泡沫性能的影响。结果表明,低密度高回弹泡沫密度可低至35kg/m3,性能与一般密度聚氨酯泡沫相当。随着TM-300用量增加,阻燃低密度高回弹聚氨酯泡沫的硬度和拉伸强度增加,撕裂强度和伸长率下降;TM-300可有效提高聚氨酯泡沫的阻燃性能,氧指数可达到32,各项性能均较优异。     

微胶囊化相变材料对聚氨酯高回弹泡沫的影响

将密胺树脂包覆正十八烷形成的微胶囊化相变材料( MicroPCMs)引入聚氨酯软质泡沫,研究该MicroPCMs的热处理条件对聚氨酯复合泡沫制备以及其加入对泡沫结构、压缩性能、A组分体系粘度的影响.结果表明,MicroPCMs经过适当热处理后,可减小其对发泡的不利影响.MicroPCMs聚氨酯高回弹泡沫的泡孔孔径减小,...     

泡沫稳定剂在阻燃高回弹聚氨酯泡沫塑料中的应用

分别采用L-5 333,Y-10 366和B-8716三种泡沫稳定剂制备阻燃高回弹泡沫塑料;探讨了泡沫稳定剂对阻燃高回弹聚氨酯（FRHRPU）组合料反应活性、泡孔结构及制品力学性能的影响。结果表明：泡沫稳定剂Y-10 366制备的FRHRPU的拉伸强度为171.18 kPa,撕裂强度为3.23 N/cm和回弹性为58.70%,均高于其他两种硅油的,并且当Y-10 366与多元醇的质量比从0.5/100增加到1.2/100时,制品的泡孔孔径先减小后增大,而制品的开孔率从93%降低到35%。     

MDI的改性对高回弹聚氨酯泡沫阻燃性的影响研究

采用聚醚二醇对MDI进行预聚改性,研究了不同分子量聚醚二醇对高回弹聚氨酯泡沫阻燃性和力学性能的影响,优选出一种较佳的改性剂,并进一步考察了异氰酸酯组分的NCO含量对泡沫阻燃性、力学性能以及异氰酸酯黏度的影响。结果表明,采用相对分子质量为2 000的聚醚二醇为改性剂,既能有效提高泡沫的阻燃性,又能保证泡沫的力学性能;NCO含量越低,泡沫阻燃性越好,综合泡沫阻燃性和异氰酸酯黏度,NCO质量分数控制在25%~28%之间为宜。     

汽车顶棚用热塑性半硬质聚氨酯泡沫的吸声性能研究

通过驻波管传递函数法测试了不同条件下汽车顶棚用热塑性半硬质聚氨酯泡沫的吸声性能。研究结果表明:泡沫吸声系数随密度增加而提高;泡沫厚度对中低频区吸声性能影响较大,吸声系数随厚度增加而提高;高异氰酸酯指数情况下泡沫吸声性能较好;硅藻土的引入可有效提高泡沫的吸声性能;高回弹聚氨酯泡沫与半硬质聚氨酯泡沫复合且高回弹聚氨酯泡沫为吸声面时吸声效果较好。     

Physical and mechanical properties of soy protein-based plastic foams

Flexible plastic foams using soy protein isolate (SPI), soy protein concentrate (SPC), and defatted soy flour (DFS) were produced by interacting proteins with glycerol-propylene oxide polyether triol (polyol), surfactant, triethanolamine (crosslinking agents), tertiary amine (catalyst), and water (blowing agent). The density, compressive stress, resilience, and dimensional stability of foams with SPI, SPC, and DFS increased as the initial concentration of soy protein increased. The foam density increased with increasing weight percentage of SPI, SPC, and DFS. The resilience values of SPI containing foam increased with the increasing addition of SPI up to a maximum 30% SPI addition. An increase in SPI up to 20% caused an increase in the compressive stress (225 kPa) in comparison to control polyurethane foam (187 kPa). The control foam and foam containing 20% DFS had a similar load-deformation relationship. The foam containing 20% SPI and SPC also exhibited a similar shape, but with a higher compressive stress. The compressive stress of all foams was steeply increased after 55% strain, since the foams completely collapsed upon compression.     

蜜氨基聚脲多元醇对聚氨酯泡沫性能的影响

以自制蜜氨基聚脲多元醇为主要原料制备高回弹聚氨酯软泡,研究蜜氨基聚脲多元醇对泡沫的开孔率、密度、回弹率、压陷硬度、水平燃烧速率和氧指数等方面的影响。三聚氰胺聚脲多元醇为其泡沫提供了优良的泡沫压陷硬度和阻燃性。玻璃化温度和热解温度测试值表明蜜氨基聚脲多元醇为其泡沫提供了优异的热稳定性。     

Flame retardant polyurethane foam prepared from compatible blends of soybean oil‐based polyol and phosphorus containing polyol

A phosphorus containing polyether polyol (THPO‐PO) was synthesized by polymerization between tris(hydroxymethyl) phosphine oxide (THPO) and propylene oxide (PO). A soybean oil‐based polyol(SBP) was synthesized from epoxidized soybean oil by ring‐opening reaction with lactic acid. The corresponding polyurethane foams (PUFs) were prepared by mixing SBP with THPO‐PO. The density of these foams decreased as the content of THPO‐PO increased. The yield strength of PUFs was observed to be decreased firstly and then increased with the addition of THPO‐PO. Microphotographs of PUFs were examined by scanning electron microscope which displayed the cells as spherical or polyhedral. The thermal degradation and fire behavior of PUFs were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis, limiting oxygen index (LOI), and UL‐94 test. Although the thermal stability of PUFs were decreased with increasing THPO‐PO percentage, the flame retardancy of PUFs were improved. The LOI value increased to 27.5 with 40% THPO‐PO. THPO‐PO in sequence worked in inhibiting flame and forming phosphorus‐rich char layer, thus endowing PUFs with the increased flame‐retardant performance. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 45779.     

Effect of foam density on the properties of water blown rigid polyurethane foam

Density is an important parameter that influences the properties and performances of rigid polyurethane foam (PUF). Rigid PUF with different densities were prepared by varying the amount of distilled water as blowing agent. This investigation reports the mechanical, morphological, water absorption, thermal conductivity, and thermal behavior of rigid PUF varying with the density, which controls the foam architecture. The density of the PUF decreased from 116 to 42 kg/m³ with an increase in the amount of water from 0.1 to 3.0 parts per hundred polyol by weight (phr), respectively. It was found that the mechanical properties of the PUFs changed with the foam density. The results of water absorption of the PUFs showed that water absorption increased with decrease in density, due to increase in the cell size and decrease in the cell‐wall thickness. The thermal conductivity measurements showed that the thermal conductivity decreased with increase in density. It was due to the decrease in cell size. The thermal analysis of the PUFs shows that the glass transition temperature increases with the decrease in foam density, but the thermal stability decreases with the decrease in foam density. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Polyurethane foams made from liquefied bark‐based polyols

Liquefaction is known to be an effective method for converting biomass into a polyol. However, the relationships between bark liquefaction conditions and properties of the resulting foams are unclear. In this study, polyurethane foams (PUF) were made using bark‐based polyols obtained through liquefaction reactions of bark at two different temperatures (90 and 130°C). Through systematic characterization of the PUFs the influence of the liquefied bark and liquefaction conditions on foam properties could be observed. The bark‐based foams had similar foaming kinetics, thermal stability, and glass transition temperatures compared with the PEG‐based control foam. The bark‐based PUF from the polyol obtained at the higher liquefaction temperature showed comparable specific compressive strength to the PEG‐based control foam. Lastly, both bark foams exhibited a high amount of open‐cell content, with the foam made from the lower temperature liquefied polyol having poor cell morphology. This deviation from the controls in the open‐cell content may explain the lower modulus values observed in the bark PUFs due to the lack of cell membrane elastic stretching as a strengthening mechanism. These results demonstrated the influence of the bark liquefaction conditions on foam properties, thereby providing a better fundamental understanding for the practical application of bark‐based PUFs. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40599.     

Branched polyols based on oleic acid for production of polyurethane foams reinforced with bamboo fiber

Fatty acids and bamboo fiber (BF) are abundant and renewable materials that have great potential application in the production of high-valued chemical products. In this work, polyurethane foams (PUFs) with remarkable mechanical and thermal properties were synthesized using OAPs (polyols-based on oleic acid (OA), an important fatty acid) and polymeric isocyanates. PUFs were reinforced with BF. Novel OAPs were prepared from OA through a process consisting of hydroxylation, carboxylation, and esterification. The strategy afforded branched polyols with high content of primary hydroxyls. Phthalic anhydride was used as a modifying agent to improve the properties of OAPs. Physicochemical properties of the polyols were characterized by standard methods (analyses of hydroxyl number, viscosity, acid value, density, and water content) and instrumental analysis (gel permeation chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetry). The mechanical properties of polyurethane foams made from the OAPs were improved by applying modified BF as filler. With BF having particle sizes of 250–500 μm, the compressive strength of composite foams increased from 0.45 to 0.66 MPa, and the flexural strength increased from 0.66 to 0.77 MPa. Surface modification of BF by alkali could enhance the interfacial interaction between the reinforcing fibers and foam matrix, resulting in greater mechanical strength of the PUFs. It also improved the thermal stability and dynamic thermomechanical properties of PUFs.     

Polyisobutylene-based urethane foams. II. Synthesis and properties of novel polyisobutylene-based flexible polyurethane foams

Novel polyisobutylene-based flexible polyurethane foams (PIB–PUF) have been prepared manually by the prepolymer method using three-arm star hydroxyl-terminated polyisobutylenes (PIB–triols) and toluene diisocyanate (TDI). Solvent extraction and IR spectroscopy of PIB–PUFs indicated essentially complete crosslinking. Conventional polyether-based polyrethane foams (PE–PUFs) and polybutadiene-based polyurethane foams (PBD–PUFs) have also been prepared by the same method and select physical-mechanical properties of all these urethane foams, such as tensile strength, elongation, resilience, water permeability, hot air stability, and hydrolytic stability, have been examined and compared. Although the density of PIB–PUF is lower than that of PE–PUF, its tensile strength is superior to the latter. Elongation of PIB–PUF is almost the same as those of the other foams. The PIB–PUF exhibits low resilience which indicates good damping properties. Due to the hydrophobicity of the soft segment, PIB–PUF exhibits very low water permeability. The hydrolytic and hot air stability of PIB–PUFs are outstanding. Attempts have been made to determine gas permeabilities; however, due to the open-cell nature of the foams, these studies could not be completed. The new PIB-based urethane foams combine excellent thermal, environmental, barrier, and mechanical properties, unmatched by conventional PUFs.     

蒸馏水含量对三明治结构硬质聚氨酯泡沫性能的影响

采用异氰酸酯、聚酯多元醇、发泡剂（水）等原料通过一体发泡成型技术制备出一种新型的三明治泡沫夹心复合材料。利用热重分析、扫描电子显微镜等对不同水含量（质量分数分别为0、0.5 %和1.0 %）的硬质聚氨酯泡沫材料的泡孔直径、密度、热导率、压缩性能、三点弯曲和热力学性能等做了研究,进而确定提高硬质聚氨酯性能的最佳工艺。结果表明,随着水含量的增加,硬质聚氨酯泡沫材料泡孔直径增大,密度变小,热导率降低,保温性能提高,而压缩性能和三点弯曲却呈下降趋势;综合考虑硬质聚氨酯泡沫材料泡孔结构和良好的保温隔热及弯曲等力学性能,其最佳含水量为0.5 %。     

高密度聚氨酯硬泡塑料／玻纤粉复合材料的研究

以聚醚多元醇、PAPI、催化剂、发泡剂和玻璃纤维等为原料,制备高密度聚氨酯硬泡及它与磨碎玻纤粉的复合材料。研究了不同密度硬泡的强度及磨碎玻纤粉粒径、预处理及其含量对复合材料强度的影响,不同复合材料的热稳定性。结果表明,随着密度的增加,硬泡的各种强度值总体上均呈逐渐增加趋势,其中500kg/m^3的聚氨酯的拉伸强度比200kg/m^3的提高了104．74％,冲击强度提高了194．84％;400目粒径的玻纤粉可使复合材料具有更高的拉伸强度、弯曲强度及压缩强度;玻纤的加入将降低材料的强度值,但偶联剂预处理可使它们有所改善;加入磨碎玻纤粉后,材料的热稳定性增加,且采用偶联剂KH550对玻纤粉进行预处理可进一步改善复合材料的耐热性能。