正交试验优化玻璃微珠/聚乙烯复合材料性能的研究

采用模压法制备了空心玻璃微珠(HGB)/低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)复合材料,并用正交试验法研究了HGB种类及用量、硅烷偶联剂用量、模压压力等因素对复合材料密度及力学性能的影响。结果表明:当添加30 phrHGB、硅烷偶联剂用量为1.5%、模压压力为15 MPa时,复合材料的密度降至最低值0.68 g/cm3。在此体系中加入2%的马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯,复合材料的冲击强度提高29%,拉伸强度提高14%。     

硅橡胶泡沫/HGB复合材料的制备及性能

采用室温硫化法制备了一系列不同空心玻璃微珠（HGB）用量的硅橡胶泡沫（SF）/HGB复合材料，并研究了HGB用量对SF/HGB复合材料的交联密度、泡孔结构、机械性能、动态力学性能的影响。结果表明：HGB用量为6%时对应的SF/HGB6复合材料具有最佳的综合性能。通过静态压缩试验考察了SF/HGB6复合材料的缓冲性能，其缓冲系数与聚乙烯泡沫（EPE）非常接近。动态压缩疲劳试验结果表明，SF/HGB6复合材料具有较长的疲劳寿命（600万次）和较高的高度保持率（98.4%），远高于EPE（29万次，54.5%），并且SF/HGB6复合材料的缓冲系数在疲劳试验前后几乎没有变化，明显优于传统的缓冲材料EPE，可作为包装领域的缓冲材料。     

Preparation and characterization of γ‐irradiated crosslinked silicone rubber/organoattapulgite composites

Silicone rubber (SR)/organoattapulgite (OAT) composites were prepared with γ‐irradiation crosslinking at a dose range varied from 30 to 300 kGy. Natural fibrillar silicate attapulgite (AT) was modified by silane coupling agent, and the obtained OAT was used as reinforcing fillers in SR. The effect of irradiation doses on the degree of crosslinking of SR/OAT composites was determined by solvent swelling method. It was found that the molecular weight between crosslinks (M_c) reduced with the increase in irradiation doses. Moreover, the addition of OAT to SR matrix promoted an increase in the crosslinking density of the composites because of the presence of the active crosslinking sites of OAT. The mechanical properties of the SR/OAT composites including tensile strength, elongation at break, and Shore A hardness subjected to various irradiation doses were studied. The experimental results showed that the tensile strength, elongation at break, and Shore A hardness were all improved significantly in the presence of OAT, which indicated that OAT was an alternative reinforcing filler of SR. In addition, the effect of various irradiation doses on the mechanical properties of SR and SR/OAT composites was also investigated. POLYM. COMPOS., 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers     

HDPE/空心玻璃微珠复合材料性能研究

采用硝酸钕对空心玻璃微珠进行了表面改性,通过熔融共混挤出的方法,制备了空心玻璃微珠(HGB)质量分数不同的HDPE/HGB复合材料.研究了空心玻璃微珠对复合材料微观结构、力学性能和结晶性的影响.结果表明,经过硝酸钕表面改性的HGB与HDPE的相容性较好;随着HGB用量的增加,复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度均表现出先增大后减小的趋势,断裂伸长率和冲击韧性逐步下降.结晶研究发现,HGB的加入提高了HDPE的结晶度,HGB用量低于10%时可以提升HDPE的结晶速率.     

粉煤灰空心玻璃微珠填充高密度聚乙烯的性能

采用从粉煤灰中提取的空心玻璃微珠,制备不同空心玻璃微珠含量的高密度聚乙烯复合材料,研究空心玻璃微珠对复合材料力学性能和结晶性能的影响.结果表明:随着空心玻璃微珠含量的增加,复合材料的拉伸强度逐步增大,弯曲强度和冲击强度先增大后减小,当空心玻璃微珠质量含量为5%时,弯曲强度和冲击强度达到最大.适量空心玻璃微珠的加入对复合材料的结晶性能有一定程度的改善.     

粉煤灰空心玻璃微珠对HDPE的力学性能和热稳定性的影响

研究了粉煤灰空心玻璃微珠（HGB）粒径对高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）力学性能的影响。结果表明：粒径小的HGB填充HDPE具有较高的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、弯曲强度和冲击强度,而且HGB的加入对HDPE的热稳定性影响不明显。     

硅橡胶隔热复合材料的制备及性能

采用空心玻璃微珠（HGB）和膨胀蛭石（EVMT）作为隔热填料,分别与高温硫化硅橡胶（HTV）共混制备HGB/HTV和EVMT/HTV隔热复合材料,并考察了隔热填料的种类和用量对隔热复合材料的隔热性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着HGB和EVMT用量的增加,隔热复合材料的导热性能明显下降。相比于HTV试样,当HGB与HTV的质量比为20/100,EVMT与HTV的质量比为10/100时,隔热复合材料的导热系数分别下降了20.44%和12.34%。HGB和EVMT均能提高HTV隔热复合材料的100%定伸应力和邵尔A硬度,降低其拉伸强度与扯断伸长率。当HGB与HTV的质量比为20/100,EVMT与HTV的质量比为10/100时,隔热复合材料的拉伸强度分别为10.51 MPa和11.59 MPa,邵尔A硬度分别为71.6和59.1。     

Preparation and properties of peroxide dynamically vulcanized poly(vinylidene fluoride)/silicone rubber/zinc dimethacrylate composites

Composites of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), silicone rubber (SR), and zinc dimethacrylate (ZDMA) were prepared via peroxide dynamic vulcanization. The effect of ZDMA loading on the morphology, mechanical properties, and rheology of the PVDF/SR/ZDMA composite was investigated. It was found that, some rubber particles with different diameters were aggregated and distributed in the PVDF matrix. The average diameters of rubber particles increased when ZDMA was incorporated into the PVDF/SR blend. A higher content of ZDMA seemed to show a favorable effect on the mechanical properties of PVDF/SR/ZDMA composites. The tensile strength, flexural strength, and flexural modulus of PVDF/SR/ZDMA composites decreased with increasing the ZDMA loading, which was due to the decreased tensile strength and total crosslink density of SR/ZDMA composite and the increased diameter of rubber particles, but the compatibility and interfacial interaction between PVDF phase and SR phase were obviously improved, which contributed to improved the Izod impact strength. In addition, the rheology analysis also suggested that interfacial adhesion between PVDF phase and SR phase was improved due to the incorporation of ZDMA. POLYM. COMPOS. 37:1093–1100, 2016. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Mechanical properties and processibilty of glass‐fiber‐, wollastonite‐, and fluoro‐rubber‐reinforced silicone rubber composites

The reinforcement of silicone rubber (SR) imparted by different types of fillers was investigated. Glass fiber (GF), wollastonite and fluoro rubber (FR) as nontraditional filler for rubber were compounded SR and mechanical properties of the prepared composites were evaluated. The addition of silane pretreated GF and wollastonite into SR, tensile strength, abrasion resistance and tear strength of the composites improved considerably. The improvement in the properties was assigned to an increased interaction between the filler and the polymer matrix. For the SR/FR composites system, the elongation at break was increase with increasing concentrations of FR due to sponge like structure resulting from poor compatibility between the two components. To investigate the production potential of extrusion processing method, prepared composites were extruded in a rod type sample. During the curing stage, GF, wollastonite and FR lead to the formation of void in the matrix resin. When GF and wollastonite were treated with silane, the void formations were reduced significantly. The silane treatment process improves not only mechanical strength but also processibility of SR composites in dry conditions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007     

Effect of tensile rates on thermal and mechanical properties of porous PTFE composites

To achieve polymer-matrix composites for sealing materials with thermostability and toughness, PTFE composites filled with short glass fibers (SGFs) were hyperthermal stretched to prepare a substrate material with high thermal stability and porosity. The effects of various tensile rates on the thermal and mechanical properties and morphologies were investigated. The results revealed that the thermal stability could be improved slightly and the thermal expansion coefficient of composites increased by the tensile rate. Through observing the morphologies, tensile process produced cavities and the increased tensile rate had negligible effects on porosity, which also could be proved by density test. From mechanical properties analysis, stretched composites exhibited that the tensile strength increases first and then decreases with the increased tensile rate. Although the variation tendency of Young's modulus is similar to that of tensile strength, which is smaller than that of unstretched composite. When the tensile rate reached 50 mm·min⁻¹, the tensile strength and Young's modulus of the stretched composites increased by 65 and 9% to maximum, respectively. Meanwhile, elongation at break and shore hardness decreased. The thermal and mechanical properties improvement could be ascribed to the strain-induced crystallization and crystal alignment. In addition, the interplanar spacing and grain size were inversely proportional to the tensile rate. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 48175.     

Lightweight and thermally conductive thermoplastic polyurethane/hollow glass bead/boron nitride composites with flame retardancy

Polymeric composites with low density and high thermal conductivity (TC) are greatly demanded in some specific applications such as aeronautics, astronautics, and deep-sea exploration. It is a great challenge to obtain lightweight and thermally conductive polymer composites because the heat fillers have high density (>2 g/cm³) Herein, lightweight and thermally conductive thermoplastic polyurethane/hollow glass bead/boron nitride composites (TPU/HGB/BN) were prepared with the construction of a 3D BN network under the assistance of ultralightweight HGB by a solution-mixing and hot-pressing method. A 3D BN heat network has been constructed in the TPU matrix due to the alignment of the BN platelets along with the HGB microspheres during hot-pressing, which leads to a higher TC (5.34 W/mK) of the TPU/HGB/BN composites with a low density of 1.23 g/cm³, which is close to the density of pure TPU (1.20 g/cm³). In addition, the TPU/HGB/BN composites show good thermal stability with TC losses of 4.24% and 2.22%, respectively, even after treated for 50 hot-cold cycles and heated at 80 °C for 50 h. Moreover, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of the TPU/HGB/BN composites is 51%, and they can extinguish in 8 s after ignition and exhibit enhanced flame retardancy. This work presents a simple method to design and prepare lightweight, flame retardant and thermally conductive composite materials, which can be used as lightweight thermal management materials.     

中空玻璃微珠填充聚氨酯发泡材料的吸声性能与动态力学性能研究

以聚氨酯（PU）为基体、磷酸三甲酚酯（TCP）为增塑剂、中空玻璃微珠（HGB）和偶氮二甲酰胺（AC发泡剂）为填料,采用熔融共混法制备了软质PU/TCP、PU/TCP/HGB、PU/TCP/HGB/AC材料,研究了增塑剂TCP、填料HGB和AC发泡剂的含量对PU材料的吸声性能和动态力学性能的影响。结果表明,在一定范围内,增塑剂TCP、填料HGB和AC发泡剂的加入显著提升了复合材料的吸声性能,当TCP含量为25 %（质量分数,下同）、HGB含量为10 %、AC含量为2 %时,材料的吸声性能最佳,平均吸声系数达到0.29,且频率为1 714 Hz时吸声系数最大,为0.55;以半峰宽衡量材料的吸声频率宽度,发现在一定范围内增塑剂TCP、填料HGB和AC发泡剂对半峰宽的长度分别有减少、增加的作用,为制备轻质宽频吸声材料提供了实验依据;对PU/TCP、PU/TCP/HGB材料的动态力学性能分析进一步验证了选用25 % TCP和10 % HGB配比对材料整体性能调控的合理性。     

Mechanical and Tribological Properties of PET/HDPE MFCs

Microfibrillar reinforced composites (MFCs) were prepared from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and high density polyethylene (HDPE). The mechanical and tribological properties of the MFCs were investigated. Static and dynamic mechanical tests revealed that the tensile strength, tensile modulus, and dynamic modulus of the HDPE matrix were improved greatly. Wear mechanism analysis demonstrated that the ability of HDPE to form transfer films on the counter rings was strengthened, which was responsible for the variation of friction and wear properties of the matrix.     

HGB的表面改性对PP／HGB复合材料力学性能和结晶性能的影响

采用KH550硅烷偶联剂和硝酸钕分别对空心玻璃微珠进行表面改性;熔融共混挤出法制备PP／HGB复合材料;研究复合材料的力学性能,并采用差示扫描量热法研究PP／HGB复合材料的非等温结晶过程。利用Jeziorny方程对PP和PP／HGB复合材料进行非等温结晶动力学的研究。结果表明：未经表面改性的HGB与PP的界面结合力差,复合材料的综合力学性能较差。HGB经过KH550和硝酸钕表面改性后,提高了与PP的界面黏结力,复合材料的力学性能得以提高,并且经过KH550和硝酸钕表面改性的HGB可以小幅提高复合材料的结晶度,但降低PP的结晶速率。     

Preparation of X‐ray developable LDPE/SA‐BaSO4 composites and their thermal and mechanical properties

Low‐density polyethylene (LDPE)/barium sulfate (BaSO₄) composites with different contents of BaSO₄ nanoparticles after modification by stearic acid (SA) were prepared. Characterizations of morphology, thermal, and mechanical properties of the LDPE/SA‐BaSO₄ composites were systematically performed by scanning electron microscope, thermal gravimetric analysis, tensile and flexural tests. Specially, the X‐ray radiographic and developable properties were examined by the X‐ray fluoroscopy test and the ageing resistant properties were analyzed by the simplified protocol of accelerated aging. It was found that the Young's modulus and tensile strength of the composites were increased by 24.6 and 11.0% while flexural modulus and flexural strength were increased by 10.8 and 14.0%, respectively, together with the elongation at break of 455.1% ± 26.3% which was 74.4% of LDPE when the SA‐BaSO₄ content reached 25 wt%. By contrast, when accelerated ageing for 5 years, the retention ratios of Young's modulus, tensile strength and elongation remained at 89.3, 69.5, and 69.6%, respectively. In addition, X‐ray radiographic and developable properties of the composites were also improved by the addition of SA‐BaSO₄, making it possible to achieve some applications in medical devices such as intrauterine devices and body brackets which could be easily implanted into human bodies and enable accurate external monitoring using an X‐ray medical diagnostic machine. POLYM. COMPOS., 37:1396–1406, 2016. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers     

改性大洋黏土填充聚乙烯的力学性能研究

为确定大洋黏土的实际应用效果,对北太平洋东部的大洋黏土沉积物进行悬浮扩散提纯、硅烷偶联剂干法改性后,设计了一系列高密度聚乙烯填充实验,利用冲片机制备相应的聚乙烯复合材料进行拉伸实验,结果表明:复合材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率随着黏土用量的增加呈现完全相反的变化趋势,填充效果较好的黏土用量约为2%,双辊混炼的效果略胜于单螺杆挤出;同时,添加相容剂和抗氧剂对于改善复合材料力学性能的意义不大。     

Preparation and characterization of poly(glycerol sebacate)/cellulose nanocrystals elastomeric composites

Poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) is one of the new elastomers used for soft tissue engineering, while improving its limited mechanical strength is the biggest challenge. In this work, a novel biodegradable elastomer composite PGS/cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) was prepared by solution‐casting method and the mechanical properties, sol–gel contents, crosslink density, and hydrophilic performance were characterized. The thermal and degradation properties of composites were also investigated. Results show that the addition of CNCs into PGS resulted a significant improvement in tensile strength and modulus, as well as the crosslink density and the hydrophilicity of PGS. When the CNCs loading reached 4 wt %, the tensile strength and modulus of the composite reached 1.5 MPa and 1.9 MPa, respectively, resulting 204% and 158% increase compared to the pure PGS. Prolonging the curing time also improved the strength of both the neat PGS and PGS/CNCs composites according to the association and shift of hydroxy peaks around 3480 cm^?1. DSC results indicate that the addition of CNCs improved both the crystallization capacity and moving capability of PGS molecular chain. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42196.     

多壁碳纳米管／环氧树脂复合材料性能研究

采用物理机械方法与化学方法相结合的手段,制备了多壁碳纳米管（MWNTS）／环氧树脂（Epoxy）复合材料。通过力学拉伸试验测试了MWNTs/Epoxy复合材料拉伸强度和拉伸模量与MWNTS添加量的关系,利用扫描电镜（SEM）分析了MWNTS／Epoxy复合材料的拉伸断面,并用表面电阻测试仪对所制备的碳纳米管复合材料进行了电学性能测试。结果表明：经过化学酸化的方法处理后的MWNTS在复合材料中的分散得到了改善,力学性能也得到了明显的提高,但酸处理后的复合材料的电学性能明显低于未处理的复合材料。     

An investigation of the interfacial adhesion between reclaimed newspaper and recycled polypropylene composites through the investigation of their mechanical properties

The effects of different parameters (e.g. method of defibration of newspaper; size of the fiber; type and concentrations of coupling agents, impact modifiers, and fire retardants) on the mechanical properties of old newspaper fiber-filled recycled polypropylene (PP) have been evaluated. Statistical methods were applied to determine the effects of variables on the tensile strength, Young's modulus, tensile toughness, and impact strength. Statistical analysis revealed that the composites based on newspaper fiber prepared by mechanical defibration showed a better tensile strength compared with those prepared by the steam explosion process, while the latter type of fiber outperformed the former as far as the other mechanical properties are concerned. In the presence of maleic anhydride grafted PP (MPP) and the initiator dicumyl peroxide (DCPO), the tensile strength of the composites increased with increasing fiber loading and fiber size. Moreover, both the tensile strength and the modulus increased with an increase in the concentrations of MPP and DCPO, even in the presence of an impact modifier and fire retardants for surface-modified newspaper-filled composites. Since the tensile strength of short fiber reinforced composites is strongly dependent of the degree of adhesion between the fiber and matrix, the experimental results suggest that either one of these (MPP and DCPO) or both act as the interfacial bonding agent to develop a strong interphase between old newspaper fiber and recycled PP.     

改性纳米贝壳粉对天然橡胶复合材料力学性能的影响

采用钛酸酯对纳米贝壳粉(SP)进行了表面改性,并制备了改性纳米贝壳粉;通过与天然胶乳共混,制备了天然橡胶/贝壳粉(NR/SP)纳米复合材料;使用傅里叶红外光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜、表面接触角测定仪、XRD衍射分析仪、激光粒度仪和电子拉力试验机等研究了改性纳米贝壳粉对天然橡胶纳米复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,改性剂钛酸酯成功地偶联到贝壳粉表面,经过表面化学改性后贝壳粉表面接触角由73.5°增大到110.8°;当纳米贝壳粉用量为10%时,NR/SP复合材料可获得最佳力学性能,拉伸强度可达到34.05MPa。