济钢50mm厚低碳TMCP型EH36船板的研制开发

根据EH36级船板的技术要求和3 500 mm中厚板生产线工艺装备特点,济钢通过合理的成分设计、优化的冶炼及轧制工艺,成功开发出低成本50 mm厚低碳TMCP型EH36级船板,并对研制钢板进行了相关的理化性能检验。结果表明:开发的EH36船板组织为均匀细小的针状铁素体+准多边形铁素体及少量的小颗粒珠光体,具有适当的强度和良好的低温韧性。     

桥梁钢Q420qD焊接热影响区组织性能研究

桥梁钢Q420q要求同时具有优异的强韧性和良好的可焊性,焊接热影响区(HAZ)的显微组织和性能直接影响构件焊接接头质量。20 mm厚度控轧控冷型Q420qD钢板在不进行焊前预热和焊后热处理条件下进行焊接试验,并针对其焊接热影响区的组织和性能展开分析研究。结果表明:当焊接线能量为15 kJ/cm时,焊接接头的力学性能达到国家标准;焊接接头各区域断口均由韧窝组成,呈现韧性断裂形貌;-20℃冲击功≥279 J,超过国家标准要求值;焊接接头区域未出现明显的软化、硬化现象;焊缝显微组织以针状铁素体为主,能有效阻碍裂纹扩展;熔合线显微组织包含粒状贝氏体、侧板条铁素体、针状铁素体和多边形铁素体;粗晶区的显微组织为粒状贝氏体、板条贝氏体、针状铁素体及少量多边形铁素体的混合组织;细晶区的显微组织为大量多边形铁素体、珠光体及少量渗碳体。     

微合金元素钒和铌对诱发针状铁素体的影响

 氧化物冶金是将非金属夹杂物变害为利，它是利用钢中高熔点粒子改善钢的组织，进而改善钢板焊接热影响区（HAZ）性能的有效手段。以DH36级船板钢为依托钢种，根据二维错配度理论，系统研究了不同微合金元素铌和钒对船板钢铸态组织中诱发奥氏体晶内针状铁素体(IAF)的影响。研究表明，根据错配度理论，微合金元素钒易于铌诱发IAF，但是当奥氏体向铁素体转变时，微合金元素钒的第二相粒子在钢中析出温度低、析出量少，所以微合金元素铌充分细化了钢的铸态组织、轧态及焊接HAZ组织，HAZ低温冲击韧性约为微合金元素钒的4倍，达到工业化生产大线能量焊接用钢板的要求。     

Ti对低合金高强度钢焊接粗晶热影响区组织及韧性的影响

对Ti微合金化高强度钢模拟粗晶区组织及韧性的研究结果表明,焊接热循环过程中,钢中弥散的TiN粒子可有效地阻止奥氏体晶粒的长大,促进针状铁素体析出,从而显著改善低合金高强度钢粗晶热影响区的韧性,t8／5（800－500℃冷却时间）越大,这种改善作用越明显。     

大线能量焊接用钢热影响区组织和性能的研究进展

工程结构向大型化、高参数化方向发展，促进了大线能量焊接技术的应用，因此使传统的低合金高强度钢焊接粗晶热影响区(CGHAZ)的性能恶化，相应地对钢板提出了抗大线能量焊接的要求。为提高CGHAZ的性能，国内外广泛研究奥氏体晶粒、二次组织和针状铁素体对CGHAZ性能的影响。Ti微合金化和针状铁素体组织有利于提高CGHAZ的综合性能。     

V-N微合金钢焊接热影响区组织与力学性能研究

为解决V-N微合金钢焊接热影响区晶粒异常粗化导致局部脆性的问题,采用OM、SEM、TEM、EBSD等手段分析了不同焊接热循环条件下焊接热影响区的显微组织、析出行为和力学性能之间的关系。结果表明,单道次焊接试验中随着线能量的增大,组织中贝氏体数量减少,针状和多边形铁素体数量增多,原奥氏体尺寸和晶界铁素体的尺寸逐渐增大,表现出较差的冲击韧性;双道次焊接试验中随着峰值温度的提高,粗晶热影响区的冲击韧性逐渐提高,铁素体外侧大角度晶界增多。微观组织分析表明,小尺寸的多边形铁素体增加了大角度晶界的比例,提供了较大的解理断裂的阻力,可抑制裂纹的扩展。奥氏体中的V(C,N)可细化M-A岛,改善冲击韧性。     

特厚EH47止裂钢板及焊接热影响区的组织性能

 为开发大型集装箱船用特厚EH47止裂钢板,提出了一种低碳微合金MnCrNiCu钢,研究了其变形奥氏体连续冷却相变规律,使用控轧控冷工艺(TMCP)试制出最大厚度为85 mm特厚EH47级钢板,使用埋弧焊(SMA)和药芯焊丝气保焊(FCAW)技术对最厚钢板进行焊接试验,研究钢板和焊接接头的显微组织和性能。通过系列V缺口Charpy(CVN)示波冲击试验研究钢板的韧脆转变行为,获得各部位的韧脆转变温度(DBTT)及其解理断裂强度σ_f;测试了钢板及热影响区粗晶区(CGHAZ)全厚度截面的组织和CVN韧性,测试了-10 ℃的裂纹张开位移(CTOD)及其启裂韧性(K_c);通过系列温度梯度宽板双重拉伸(DT)试验,获得了钢板的止裂韧性(K_ca)与温度之间的关系。结果表明,钢板的显微组织由铁素体(PF)、针状铁素体(AF)和弥散分布的马氏体奥氏体(MA)组成;随着精轧压下率和冷却速率逐渐提高,大角度晶界分数逐渐增大,DBTT随之降低;CVN试样和DT试样具有相同的解理断裂临界事件;FCAW CGHAZ由粒状贝氏体(GB)+MA组元为主,SMA CGHAZ由AF+准多边形铁素体(QPF)+MA组元为主,前者K_c低于后者,更容易萌生解理断裂;钢板-10 ℃的K_ca为7 140 N/mm3/2,具备止裂性能。     

稀土和Ca、Mg元素对高强度钢焊接热影响区组织和韧性的影响

研究了低合金高强度非调质中厚板钢中添加稀土(REM)和Ca、Mg微量元素对大线高能焊接热影响区(HAZ)显微组织微细化和晶内针状铁素体(IAF)形成的影响.结果表明,添加REM和Ca、Mg元素可在钢的HAZ中形成弥散稳定的氧硫化物(CeCa)2O2S和(CeMg)2O2,热轧奥氏体化(1450℃)和焊接热输入10 kJ/mm时都十分稳定,比传统采用TiN强化的钢具有更优良的低温韧性.有效地控制细小弥散的氧硫化合物,能获得适中的奥氏体有效晶粒尺寸和提供HAZ中形成晶内针状铁素体及稳定活性的形核位置.促进晶内铁素体协同形核生长,有效地使得HAZ组织微细化.     

12%Cr铁素体不锈钢焊接接头组织及韧性研究

对四种不同成分的12%Cr铁素体不锈钢做了焊接性试验。分析焊接接头的组织,测量了焊接接头的低温冲击功。试验结果表明,随着碳含量的增加,焊接粗晶区组织由单相铁素体逐渐转变成以马氏体为主,粗晶区宽度变窄,晶粒尺寸变小。细晶区组织以马氏体为主,组织细小均匀。熔合线处和热影响区的低温冲击功相比母材均显著降低。断裂路径分析结果表明,窄的粗晶区宽度和小的晶粒尺寸使断裂路径经过更多的奥氏体焊缝区,提高了整体的冲击韧性。     

屈服强度460MPa级耐候钢及其焊接性能

通过连续冷却相转变行为的研究,利用试验轧机成功试制了24mm厚,屈服强度460MPa级耐候钢板,并分析了钢板微观组织、力学性能、腐蚀性能以及焊接性能。连续相转变行为和钢板试制结果表明:精轧温度不大于850℃,厚度压下率不小于0.6,冷速为4~15℃/s和终冷温度不大于465℃可得到以针状铁素体(3~10μm)和多边形铁素体(5~15μm)为主的钢板,其屈服强度不小于480MPa,抗拉强度不小于635MPa,伸长率不小于23%,-40℃冲击功不小于209J。对试制钢板进行了热输入量为72kJ/cm的双丝埋弧焊接试验,无焊前预热和焊后热处理,得到了无缺陷焊接接头,焊接热影响区-40℃冲击功不小于100J;粗晶区的高韧性与其晶内铁素体为主以及少量晶界铁素体和上贝氏体的微观组织有关。72h周浸试验结果表明:试制钢种的耐大气腐蚀能力比普碳钢Q345B提高了46%。     

The significant impact of Ti content on microstructure–toughness relationship in the simulated coarse-grained heated-affected zone of high-strength low-alloy steels

This study aims to investigate the influence of Ti addition on microstructure and toughness in the simulated coarse-grained heated-affected zone (CGHAZ) of high-strength low-alloy steels. The steels with low and high Ti content respectively were subjected to 100?kJ/cm heat input welding thermal cycle. The results indicated that the second-phase particles were mainly oxide covered with MnS and fine (Ti,Nb)N precipitate in low-Ti steel, which were modified to the oxide surrounded by TiN and coarse (Ti,Nb)N precipitate in high-Ti steel. Compared with low-Ti steels, the coarser precipitates induced larger austenite grain in CGHAZ of high-Ti steel. Moreover, the wrapping of TiN decreases the ability of inclusion to promote the nucleation of acicular ferrite, resulting in lower fraction of acicular ferrite in CGHAZ of high-Ti steel. Content of martensite-austenite constituent increased in CGHAZ of high-Ti steel. They were all responsible for the degeneration in toughness in CGHAZ of high-Ti steel.     

Toughness improvement by Zr addition in the simulated coarse-grained heat-affected zone of high-strength low-alloy steels

The effect of Zr addition on the microstructure and impact toughness in the coarse-grained heat-affected zone (CGHAZ) of high-strength low-alloy steels subjected to 100?kJ?cm^-1 heat input was investigated. The second- phase particles were mainly Al–Ti complex oxides and (Ti,Nb)N precipitates in Zr-free steel, whereas lots of finer Zr–Al–Ti complex oxides and (Al,Ti,Nb)N precipitates were formed in Zr-bearing steel because of Zr addition. These finer oxides and precipitates effectively restricted the austenite grain growth by pinning effect during welding thermal cycle, and smaller and more uniform prior austenite grains were obtained in CGHAZ of Zr-bearing steel. Furthermore, more acicular ferrite grains nucleated on Zr–Al–Ti complex oxides, inducing formation of fine-grained microstructure in CGHAZ of Zr-bearing steel. The toughness improvement in CGHAZ of Zr-bearing steel with dimple fracture surface was attributed to the grain refinement by pinning effect and acicular ferrite formation.     

Effect of Magnesium on Inclusion Formation in Ti-Killed Steels and Microstructurai Evolution in Welding Induced Coarse-Grained Heat Affected Zone

Effects of Mg on the chemical component and size distribution of Ti-bearing inclusions favored grain refinement of the welding induced coarse-grained heat affected zone (CGHAZ),with enhanced impact toughness in Ti-killed steels,which were examined based on experimental observations and thermodynamic calculations.The results indicated that the chemical constituents of the inclusions gradually varied from the Ti-O+Ti-Mg-O compound oxide to the Ti-Mg-O+ MgO compound oxide and the single-phase MgO,as the Mg content increased from 0.002 3% to 0.006%.A trace addition of Mg (approximately 0.002 %) led to the refinement of Ti-bearing inclusions by creating the Ti-Mg-O compound oxide and provided favorable size distribution of the inclusions for acicular ferrite transformation with a high nucleation rate in the CGHAZ,and a high volume fraction of acicular ferrite was obtained in the CGHAZ with enhanced impact toughness.Otherwise,a high content of Mg (approximately 0.006%) produced a single-phase MgO,which was impotent to nucleate an acicular ferrite,and a microstructure comprised of a ferrite side plate and a grain boundary ferrite developed in the CGHAZ.The experimental results were confirmed by thermodynamic calculations.     

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Electro-slag welding with heat input of 530kJ/cm was applied to 60mm thick shipbuilding plate EH40, and microstructure and mechanical properties of the weld joint were characterized. Different regions such as heat affected zone, fusion zone, weld metal and base metal are found across the weld joint by microstructure analysis. A narrow coarse grain heat affected zone consisting of acicular ferrite, polygonal ferrite and grain boundary ferrite is found, width of which is less than 1mm. Acicular ferrite (?? 10??m) and grain boundary ferrite is observed at weld metal, while fusion zone have a complex structure of acicular ferrite, grain boundary ferrite and ferrite side plate. Mechanical property tests show that the absorbed energy of WM, FL and CGHAZ at -20?? during Charpy impact test is more than 60J, no evident softening phenomenon occurred at heat affected zone, and other properties met the requirement.     

Effect of Magnesium on Inclusion Formation in TiKilled Steels and Microstructural Evolution in Welding Induced CoarseGrained Heat Affected Zone

 Effects of Mg on the chemical component and size distribution of Ti bearing inclusions favored grain refinement of the welding induced coarse grained heat affected zone (CGHAZ), with enhanced impact toughness in Ti killed steels, which were examined based on experimental observations and thermodynamic calculations. The results indicated that the chemical constituents of the inclusions gradually varied from the Ti O+Ti Mg O compound oxide to the Ti Mg O+MgO compound oxide and the single phase MgO, as the Mg content increased from 0002 3% to 0006%. A trace addition of Mg (approximately 0002%) led to the refinement of Ti bearing inclusions by creating the Ti Mg O compound oxide and provided favorable size distribution of the inclusions for acicular ferrite transformation with a high nucleation rate in the CGHAZ, and a high volume fraction of acicular ferrite was obtained in the CGHAZ with enhanced impact toughness. Otherwise, a high content of Mg (approximately 0006%) produced a single phase MgO, which was impotent to nucleate an acicular ferrite, and a microstructure comprised of a ferrite side plate and a grain boundary ferrite developed in the CGHAZ. The experimental results were confirmed by thermodynamic calculations.     

原位观察TiN粒子对低合金高强度钢模拟焊接热影响区粗晶区晶粒细化作用

采用高温激光共聚焦显微镜原位观察和电子背散射衍射技术研究TiN粒子在低合金高强度钢模拟大线能量焊接热循环过程中晶粒细化效果.研究发现合理的Ti和N含量能形成大量细小弥散分布的纳米级TiN粒子,在焊接热循环过程中有效钉扎热影响区粗晶区奥氏体晶界,抑制晶粒粗化.同时,TiN附着在Al₂O₃表面析出,在冷却过程中有效促进针状铁素体形核,得到有效晶粒尺寸非常细小的由少量针状铁素体和大量贝氏体构成的复合组织.      

低合金高强钢针状铁素体组织特征和形成机理

针状铁素体是一种具有大角度晶界、高位错密度的板条状中温转变组织,该组织能有效细化晶粒并具有良好的强韧性匹配.因此,通常在低合金高强度钢焊缝和粗晶区中,利用细小的夹杂物来诱导针状铁素体形成,形成有效晶粒尺寸细小的针状铁素体联锁组织或者针状铁素体和贝氏体的复合组织,使其具有良好的韧性.然而,相关研究对针状铁素体组织的形成机理和控制原理的解释并不十分清楚,对于针状铁素体的定义和理解也存在差异.总结了针状铁素体的本质、相变、形核、形态、晶体学取向关系、长大行为、细化机理和力学性能等方面的特征,归纳了奥氏体晶粒尺寸、转变温度、冷却速度、夹杂物类型和尺寸等对针状铁素体形成的影响,提出了针状铁素体组织形态和转变机理方面几个仍需深入研究的问题和方向.     

细晶组织耐候钢热影响区粗晶区的组织和性能

 采用焊接热模拟技术研究了焊接热循环对细晶组织09CuPCrNi钢热影响区粗晶区 (CGHAZ)显微组织和性能的影响。结果表明,在800~500 ℃冷却时间t8/5≤8 s时,该钢CGHAZ组织为贝氏体和少量马氏体。随着t8/5延长,在原奥氏体晶界上逐渐析出先共析铁素体,当t8/5＞18 s时,显微组织由大量铁素体和珠光体组成,且原奥氏体晶粒明显粗化,先共析铁素体含量增加。在-20 ℃和0 ℃下,t8/5对冲击吸收功影响较小,在-40 ℃时,随着t8/5延长,冲击吸收功下降显著,而且随着t8/5延长,CGHAZ硬度逐渐下降,但硬度值均高于母材,焊接热影响区相对于母材未出现软化倾向。