燃耗信任制中可燃毒物对乏燃料反应性的影响分析

以压水堆(PWR)常用的可燃毒物棒(BPRs)为研究对象,定性分析了组件燃耗过程中不同类型的BPRs对燃料组件反应性的影响,为基于燃耗信任制的乏燃料贮存系统临界安全分析保守参数的选取提供参考。分析表明,在组件燃耗过程中含有BPRs时,忽略含钆毒物可使临界分析结果保守,而必须考虑涂硼燃料元件(IFBA)、湿式环状可燃毒物棒(WABA)、硼玻璃可燃毒物棒(PYREX)等对乏燃料反应性的影响。     

先进非能动压水堆核电站燃料组件轴向燃耗分布研究

燃料组件的轴向燃耗分布以及末端效应是燃耗信任制技术应用中的难点。基于先进非能动压水堆核电站的运行模式及组件设计特点,结合可能的燃料管理策略,统计轴向两端使用低富集度抑制区的乏燃料组件,生成轴向燃耗包络线。以AP1000堆型的乏燃料贮存单元为例,通过分析统计,证明生成的轴向燃耗包络线用于临界安全分析是保守的。在此基础上,详细研究燃料组件顶部的低富集度抑制区对末端效应的贡献,并对燃料组件进行设计改进,减小至消除末端效应,为简化乏燃料组件相关的临界安全分析提供了一个方法。相关研究工作及成果,是先进非能动压水堆核电站乏燃料组件相关的设施设备的临界安全设计的基础,可为其他堆型的相应研究提供参考和借鉴。     

先进非能动压水堆核电站燃料组件轴向燃耗分布研究

燃料组件的轴向燃耗分布以及末端效应是燃耗信任制技术应用中的难点。基于先进非能动压水堆核电站的运行模式及组件设计特点,结合可能的燃料管理策略,统计轴向两端使用低富集度抑制区的乏燃料组件,生成轴向燃耗包络线。以 AP1000堆型的乏燃料贮存单元为例,通过分析统计,证明生成的轴向燃耗包络线用于临界安全分析是保守的。在此基础上,详细研究燃料组件顶部的低富集度抑制区对末端效应的贡献,并对燃料组件进行设计改进,减小至消除末端效应,为简化乏燃料组件相关的临界安全分析提供了一个方法。相关研究工作及成果,是先进非能动压水堆核电站乏燃料组件相关的设施设备的临界安全设计的基础,可为其他堆型的相应研究提供参考和借鉴。     

燃耗信任制的应用方法

在临界安全分析中采用燃耗信任制可在确保安全性的基础上带来巨大的经济效益。本文详细介绍了当前燃耗信任制的应用方法,如何确定所考虑的核素种类和确定燃耗计算状态得出保守的核素核子密度以及如何确定轴向燃耗分布不均匀的组件的置信燃耗深度,最后将燃耗信任制应用于某乏燃料溶解器,比较了此方法带来的效果。     

燃耗信任在PWR乏燃料贮存水池临界安全设计中的应用和发展综述

本文述评了燃耗信任在PWR乏燃料贮存水池核临界安全设计中的应用和发展现状，主要包括燃耗信任对临界应用的原理、规范和标准现状、国外发展动态，燃耗信任水平，信任同位素组选择，辐照历史、运行条件和冷却时间的考虑，轴向燃耗分布的末端效应，装载曲线和燃耗验证等．     

燃耗信任制方法在临界安全分析中的应用

采用燃耗信任制(BUC)方法及相关程序系统(APOLLO-2、DARWIN和CRISTAL)对不同辐照历史的燃料组件进行敏感性分析。结果表明:随着温度上升、硼浓度增大,乏燃料组件的中子增殖系数也将增大;燃耗信任制方法分析中,为了得到偏于保守的结果,考虑了核素成分修正因子及其计算不确定性。本文还列出了针对某个基准问题的试验值和计算值的比较。采用燃耗信任制方法对不同的轴向燃耗分布的组件进行临界计算,并进行了比较。     

乏燃料贮存燃耗信任制计算的敏感元素分析

燃耗信任制的应用分析需要计算乏燃料系统的反应性,为了保证临界安全需要保证分析结果的包络性,为此需要考虑到各种不同燃耗因素对于分析结果的影响。采用SCALE程序包中的STARBUCS模块,通过对OECD/NEA发布的Phase-IA及Phase-IIA基准题的验证分析,研究了不同信任等级、堆芯运行参数等因子对乏燃料贮存系统临界安全的敏感性分析,并得出有益的结论。     

AP1000核电厂IRWST低压安注性能研究

本文采用AFT Fathom软件分析了AP1000核电厂安全壳内置换料水箱(IRWST)的低压安注性能,分析了AP1000核电厂在压力容器直接注入管线双端断裂工况下事故后期的安全注射能力。分析结果表明,AP1000核电厂低压安注能力足以带出堆芯热量,并有较大的裕量。     

燃料循环后段临界安全技术前期研究

考虑由于燃料的燃耗而带来的反应性降低的做法即为燃耗信任制技术,这种在核临界安全分析时采用燃料中实际成分的做法使得贮存、运输和后处理的能力大大提高,经济效益非常显著。燃料循环后段临界安全技术涉及燃耗计算技术研究、核临界安全计算技术研究、燃耗测量技术研究、临界实验装置设计技术研究、热室解剖和封装技术研究、化学分析测试技术研究和关键核素核数据处理技术研究。为了应用燃耗信任制技术,必须准确知道乏燃料的各种成分。利用SCALE、CASMO等程序进行计算,得出乏燃料的成分范围。为了实验验证乏燃料成分计算的准确性,初步…     

燃耗信任制临界计算中保守性因素研究

在运用燃耗信任制技术进行乏燃料储存、运输等环节的临界安全分析时,临界计算所采用的条件是否具有足够的包络性十分关键。本文借助于OECD/NEA发布的若干燃耗信任制临界安全基准题,使用SCALE5.1软件中的STARBUCS模块进行分析,对信任核素选取、乏燃料冷却时间以及端末效应等因素对乏燃料系统临界安全性的影响进行了研究,得出了各参数保守性的有关结论。     

Identification of radiation treatment of wheat （Triticum aestivum. L）and rice （Oryza sativa. L） samples using thermoluminescence of contaminating minerals

Food irradiation is gaining popularity worldwide and this technology is important to improve quality and reduce the post harvest losses of food. Because of the rapid commercialization of irradiated foods throughout the world, compliance of different regulations relating to use of technology in different countries and demand of consumers for clear labelling of irradiated foods, there is need for the development of analytical methods to detect radiation treatment of food. Among several methods studied so far, thermoluminescence （TL） is an important method that can be used to find out the irradiation history of food that contain even a very minute amount of dust particles. In this study, the irradiated and unirradiated wheat and rice samples were analyzed using the TL method. The samples were purchased from the local market of Peshawar and irradiated to radiation doses of 0.5 and 1.0 kGy using Co-60 gamma irradiator at the Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture （NIFA）, Peshawar. The mineral contaminants were isolated by jet water, ultrasonic treatment, and density gradient. TL glow curves of the isolated minerals from irradiated and unirradiated samples were recorded between the temperature ranges of 50-500℃ using a TL reader. Generally, the glow curves for irradiated samples showed much higher TL intensities （TL1） than the unirradiated samples. The results were normalized by rerradiation of mineral samples to gamma-ray dose of 1.0 kGy followed by determination of the second glow curves （TL2）. The ratio of the area of first glow curve to that of second glow curve （TL1/TL2） was calculated for selected temperature intervals and compared with the recommended values for unirradiated and irradiated samples. Finally, the shapes of the glow curves for irradiated and unirradiated samples were also analyzed. On the basis of these results （comparison of TL-intensities, TL1/TL2 ratios and shapes of the glow curves）, all the irradiated and unirradiated samples of wheat and rice were unequivocally identified.     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

The preclinical pharmacological study of dopamine transporter imaging agent 18F-FP-β-CIT

The paper is to study pharmacologic characteristics of 18F-FP-β-CIT (18F-N-(3-fluoropropyl)-2β- carbomethoxy-3β- (4-iodophenyl)nortropane) as an imaging agent for dopamine transporter. The radiochemical purity of 18F-FP-β-CIT in aqueous solution was over 95% after standing at room temperature for 4h. Biodistribution displayed rapid uptake in rat brain (1.375 %ID/organ at 5min and 0.100 %ID/organ at 180 min) and the striatal uptake was 1.444,0.731, 0.397, 0.230 and 0.146 %ID/g at 5, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min, respectively. The values of striatum/cerebellum,striatum/frontal cortex and striatum / hippocampus in rat's brain at 30 min were 3.38, 2.17 and 2.40 respectively. The uptake in striatum can be blocked by β-CFT, suggesting that 18F-FP-β-CIT binds to DAT peculiarly. The compound was rapidly cleared from monkey's blood. The striatal uptake was bilaterally decreased in the left-sided lesioned PD rats, compared with normal control. Brain PET imaging studies in normal monkey showed that 18F-FP-β-CIT was concentrated in striatum. The test of undue toxicity showed that the dose received by mice was 1250 times as by human, which indicates that 18F-FP-β-CIT is very safe. So 18F-FP-β-CIT is a promising PET imaging agent for DAT with safety and validity.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

PLASMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AUTHOR INDEX TO VOLUME 16(2014)

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Radioactivity levels in soil of salt field area,Kelambakkam,Tamilnadu,India

Soil samples in and around salt field area have been analyzed for natural radioactivity concentration using gamma ray spectrometer.The activity concentration for ~(232)Th,~(238)U and ~(40)K are ranged from 27.88 to 45.27 Bq/kg, from BDL to 13.30 Bq/kg,and from 135.54 to 381.28 Bq/kg,respectively.The measured activity concentrations for these radionuclides were compared with world average activity of soil.The average activity concentration of ~(232)Th in the present study is 1.19 times higher than world median value while the activity of ~(238)U and ~(40)K is found to be lower. The absorbed dose rates due to these radionuclides were calculated.The average absorbed gamma dose rate due to the presence of ~(232)Th,~(238)U and ~(40)K in soil samples is 36.99 nGy·h~(-1).These results indicate no radiological anomaly. The data presented in this study will serve as a base line survey for primordial radionuclides concentration in the study area.