高性能Nd-Fe-B复合永磁材料微磁结构与矫顽力机制

概述了近年来有关高性能Nd-Fe-B复合永磁材料矫顽力机制的研究进展,研究了工艺过程对矫顽力的影响机制和所适应的理论模型,重点探讨了双主相合金技术制备的高性能永磁材料的微结构特征与矫顽力的关系,尝试解释了双主相合金技术制备的高性能永磁材料的矫顽力机制 由传统的单合金或双合金工艺制备磁体的矫顽力机制可用发动场理论解释,且与实际相符较好.探讨了热压/热流变磁体各向异性的形成,展示了热退磁过程中烧结和热压/热流变磁体畴结构的演变规律.制备出最大磁能积约为424 kJ/m3的各向异性纳米品Nd-Fe-B磁体,研究表明,各向异性的产生主要源于再结晶过程中晶粒的择优生长和通过边界液相所促进的晶粒滑移和旋转.揭示出高性能各向异性纳米晶Nd-Fe-B磁体的典型磁畴结构是一种交换耦合畴.交换耦合畴的温度依赖关系是影响磁体使用温度的主要因素.     

高性能各向同性及各向异性Nd-Fe-B/Fe复合磁体的制备

采用将Nd-Fe-B磁粉与Fe粉混合的方法,并结合真空感应热压烧结技术制得高性能的各向同性及各向异性复合磁体。研究了Fe粉含量对热压磁体磁性能的影响,以及温度和压力对磁体致密度和磁性能的影响。结果表明,适量的Fe粉添加(3%,质量分数)可提高热压磁体磁性能;升高温度或提高压力均可大幅提高磁体致密度,但过高的烧结温度使晶粒快速长大,恶化磁体磁性能,而温度过低磁体难易全致密化。在最佳热压温度及压力下制备的热压磁体具有最佳的磁性能:Br=0.852T,Hcj=798kA/m,(BH)m=131.5kJ/m3,磁体密度达7.72g/cm3;热变形后,最大磁能积达331kJ/m3。     

热压热变形纳米晶钕铁硼磁体微观结构研究(英文)

利用MQ-C快淬粉末并结合热压热变形技术制得致密的各向异性纳米晶Nd-Fe-B磁体,并研究了磁体磁性能及微观结构的变化。结果表明,热变形后磁体呈现较强的c轴取向,磁体磁性能大幅增大;快淬磁粉颗粒在热压过程中沿压力方向规则堆垛,而热变形后,粉末颗粒形状与晶粒变化趋势相同,呈现沿垂直于压力方向拉长;热变形后,磁体中仍有大量未取向的超大颗粒存在,能谱分析表明其Nd含量要高于周围取向晶粒。     

放电等离子烧结温度对热压/热变形NdFeB纳米晶永磁体磁性能的影响

采用放电等离子烧结技术制备了热压/热变形NdFeB磁体。研究了不同烧结温度对热压磁体、热变形磁体微观结构及磁性能的影响。结果表明,随烧结温度的升高,磁体密度上升,680℃时已达理论密度的99.7%;另一方面,晶粒则随温度的增加发生长大。剩磁和最大磁能积受密度和晶粒大小的交互作用,在650℃时达最大:(BH)m=129kJ/m3,Br=0.87T,Hci=914kA/m。热变形后,磁体主相晶粒的c轴逐渐转向与压力平行的方向,形成磁晶各向异性,使磁体的剩磁和最大磁能积大幅增加。热压烧结温度对热变形磁体的磁性能有着极大影响,其剩磁和最大磁能积随热压温度的升高先升高后降低,620℃热压后,热变形磁体磁性能达最大:(BH)m=339kJ/m3,Br=1.49T,Hci=576kA/m。     

高工作温度烧结钕铁硼磁体的研究现状

综述了高温使用烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体的研究现状,总结了制作高温烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体常用的3条途径,即提高居里温度、磁晶各向异性场和优化磁体显微组织.这三项措施一般需同时使用,以获得综合性能良好的耐高温磁体.     

变形量对热压/热变形纳米复合Nd_9Fe_（84.5）Co_1B_（5.5）永磁体晶粒尺寸和矫顽力的影响

采用热压/热变形工艺制备纳米复合Nd9Fe84.5Co1B5.5永磁体,研究了热变形过程中的变形量对磁体平均晶粒尺寸的影响以及由此带来的晶间相互作用和矫顽力的变化。结果表明变形量54%的磁体中的硬、软磁性相的平均晶粒尺寸分别为61.0和51.8nm,与其热压状态时的两相平均晶粒尺寸（52.1和54.0nm）接近;而变形量74%的磁体中的硬、软磁性相的平均晶粒尺寸则分别显著减小至19.2和22.4nm。随着两相晶粒尺寸的显著细化,磁体中的晶间相互作用由以静磁耦合作用为主转变为以晶间交换耦合作用为主,这导致其矫顽力提高了64%。     

Ga对HDDR磁粉热变形磁体磁性能和微观结构的影响

利用HDDR工艺制备出Nd32FebalBGax(x=0.0、0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%(质量分数))磁粉,并且对HDDR磁粉进行热压/热变形处理制备出全密度各向异性磁体。研究了热变形温度和Ga含量对Nd-Fe-B热变形磁体磁性能的影响,观测了不同Ga含量热变形磁体的微观结构,探讨了微量元素Ga的添加对用HDDR磁粉制备的热变形磁体微观结构和磁性能的影响机制。研究发现,Ga的添加能够明显减小热变形磁体的主相晶粒尺寸,改善磁体的微观织构,并可以同时提高热变形磁体的剩磁和矫顽力。当Ga含量为0.6%(质量分数)时,热变形磁体的磁能积达到最大值228.3kJ/m3。     

温度及变形速率对单级热变形Nd-Fe-B磁体磁性能的影响

对经冷压处理的Nd-Fe-B磁粉直接进行热变形从而制得各向异性致密磁体,并研究了变形温度及变形速率对磁体密度、各向异性、磁性能及微观结构的影响.结果表明,当变形温度过低或变形速率过高时,单级热变形后磁体不易致密,且硬磁相晶粒的c轴取向度较低,因此磁体磁性能较低;而当变形温度过高或变形速率过低时,尽管磁体较为致密,磁体取向度也较高,但易出现晶粒异常长大,从而降低磁体磁性能.以适中的变形温度和变形速率热变形后,磁体具有最佳的磁性能.当变形温度为700℃及变形速率为0.1mm/s时,单级热变形磁体最大磁能积(BH)m达232kJ/m3.     

回收制备烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体的磁性能与耐热性能

以废旧钕铁硼磁体为原料,采用短流程回收制备技术制备了烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体,通过添加镨钕混合稀土研究了磁体的磁性能和耐热性能。结果表明,在回收磁体中添加2%PrNd,制备的烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体的剩磁为1.31T、矫顽力为1 474.86kA/m、磁能积为353.90kJ/m~3。与一次成品相比矫顽力恢复到102%,剩磁恢复到95%,磁能积恢复到90%。在293~393K范围内未掺杂PrNd磁体的矫顽力温度系数为-0.589 9%/K,掺杂2%PrNd磁体的矫顽力温度系数为-0.556 4%/K,提高了磁体在高温下的耐热性能。这是由于添加混合稀土PrNd增强了主相晶粒间的去磁交换耦合作用,提高了主相的磁晶各向异性场,从而提高了磁体的矫顽力和耐热性能。     

回收制备烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体的磁性能与耐热性能

以废旧钕铁硼磁体为原料,采用短流程回收制备技术制备了烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体,通过添加镨钕混合稀土研究了磁体的磁性能和耐热性能.结果表明,在回收磁体中添加2％ PrNd,制备的烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体的剩磁为1.31T、矫顽力为1 474.86 kA/m、磁能积为353.90 kJ/m3.与一次成品相比矫顽力恢复到102％,剩磁恢复到95％,磁能积恢复到90％.在293～393 K范围内未掺杂PrNd磁体的矫顽力温度系数为-0.589 9％/K,掺杂2％PrNd磁体的矫顽力温度系数为-0.556 4％/K,提高了磁体在高温下的耐热性能.这是由于添加混合稀土PrNd增强了主相晶粒间的去磁交换耦合作用,提高了主相的磁晶各向异性场,从而提高了磁体的矫顽力和耐热性能.     

放电等离子烧结制备高性能热变形Nd-Fe-B磁体

使用放电等离子烧结(SPS)可在短时间内将非晶Nd13.5Fe80.5B6粉末晶化,且可获得接近于全致密的各向同性磁体,其剩磁、矫顽力、最大磁能积分别为Br=0.8T,Hci＝1346kA/m,(BH)m=108kJ/m3.热变形后,随变形量的增加,硬磁相晶粒的取向度增加,Br及(BH)m大幅增加,在65%时达最大:B...     

Improvement of Coercivity and Corrosion Resistance of Nd-Fe-B Sintered Magnets with Cu Nano-particles Doping

Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets with a small amount of Cu nano-particles doping have been prepared by conventional sintered method.Effects of Cu content on magnetic properties,corrosion resistance,and oxidation properties of the magnets have been studied.It shows that the coercivity rises gradually,while the remanence decreases simultaneously with increasing Cu doping amount.Microstructure observation reveals that Cu element enriches mainly the Nd-rich phase.Autoclave test results show that the corrosion rate of the magnets decreases with increasing Cu content.After oxidation,the maximum energy product loss of the magnets with 0 and 0.2 wt% Cu nano-particles doping are 6.13% and 0.99%,respectively.Therefore,it is concluded that Cu nano-particles doping is a promising way to enhance the coercivity and corrosion resistance of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets.     

纳米晶复合Nd9.5Fe76Co5Zr3-xNbxB6.5（x=0～3.0）粘结磁体的磁性能和温度系数的研究

采用熔体快淬法及真空退火工艺制备了Nd9.5Fe76Co5Zr3-xNbxB6.5(x=0～3.0)粘结磁体,研究了其磁性能及温度系数。结果表明,随着Nb含量的增加,合金剩磁逐渐提高,磁能积和矫顽力呈现先增大后减小的趋势。Zr元素与Nb元素复合添加,能够有效地改善矫顽力温度系数β。经最佳条件退火处理后制备的Nd9.5Fe76Co5Zr1.5Nb1.5B6.5的粘结磁体,具有最优的综合磁性能:Br=0.717T,Hcj=773kA/m,(BH)max=82kJ/m3,α20～150℃=-0.111%/℃,β20～150℃=-0.356%/℃。     

掺杂Dy_2O_3Nd－Fe－B磁体的氧含量对磁性能的影响

用穆斯堡尔效应和磁性测量等方法，研究了掺杂Ｄｙ_２Ｏ_３Ｎｄ－Ｆｅ－Ｂ磁体的氧含量对磁性能的影响以及氧含量与掺杂浓度和制粉球磨时间的关系，结果表明，掺杂Ｄｙ_２Ｏ_３可以有效地提高磁体的矫顽力，但其剩磁和最大磁能积会不同程度地降低，磁体中的氧含量由掺杂浓度和制备工艺所决定，并满足一定关系式。当掺杂浓度为１．０ｗｔ％时，磁性能在氧含量为１１０００ＰＰｍ附近发生突变。     

The Influence of Co and Nb Additions on the Magnetic Properties and Thermal Stability of Ultra-high Intrinsic Coercivity Nd-Fe-B Magnets

The effect of Co and Nb additions on the magnetic properties and thermal stability of ultra-high intrinsic coercivity Nd-Fe-B magnets has been investigated. The results show that the remanence (B _r ) and maximum energy product (BH)_max of sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets first increases, and reaches a maximum, then starts to decrease with increasing Co content. The intrinsic coercivity and temperature coefficients of remanence (α) decrease, and the temperature coefficients of coercivity (β) increase with increasing Co content. The minimum reversible magnetic flux loss, temperature coefficients of reversible magnetic flux, total magnetic flux loss and irreversible magnetic flux loss are obtained when the Co content is 7.5 at.%. The temperature coefficients of coercivity (β) and remanence (α) for sintered Nd₉Dy₆Fe_79?x Nb _x B₆ magnets from 300 K to 513 K are 0.36 %/K and 0.127 %/K respectively when the content of Nb is 1.0 at.%. The reasons for the variation on magnetic properties and temperature coefficients were analyzed.     

A Nd-Fe-O intergranular phase in Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets and itseffect on coercivity

The intergranular microstructure and coercivity of Nd richer Nd _xFe_93-xB₇ (x=16-28) sintered magnets have been systematically studied by means of scanning electron microscopy, analytical transmission electron microscopy, scanning Auger multiprobe, thermomagnetic analysis, magnetic measurement and annealing experiments. A new stable Nd-Fe-O ferromagnetic phase with a composition NdFe₂O_x (x≈0.3) and a Curie temperature of 145°C is found in the intergranular regions of the magnets, due to the introduction of a considerable amount of oxygen during magnet processing and its segregation in the intergranular regions. The phase forms at ~650°C and volume fraction reaches a maximum of ~4% in the Nd₂₂Fe₇₁B₇ magnets. This new phase has a strong hindrance effect on the propagation of reversed domain walls between Nd₂Fe₁₄B grains, and thus leads to a considerable enhancement of coercivity. Raising the Curie temperature of this phase would be a new important approach to improve the high-temperature coercivity of Nd-Fe-B magnets     

Coercivity and spin reorientation transitions in Nd-Fe-Bnanocomposites prepared by melt spinning

Alloys of composition Nd₉Fe₈₅B₆, Nd_11.76Fe_82.46B_5.88, and Nd₁₈Fe₇₆B₆ were prepared by melt spinning at roll velocities from 19 to 25 m/s. The grain size distribution of rapidly quenched flakes was evaluated by means of X-ray diffraction line broadening. The average grain size of rapidly quenched Nd-Fe-B alloys is within a range from 19 to 40 nanometers and differs from the roll contact side to the free side of the flakes. For the first time, the spin reorientation transitions T_ST of nanophase Nd ₂Fe₁₄B alloys have been determined. They were found to be lower than that of bulk Nd₂Fe₁₄B. The smaller the grain size, the lower is T_ST. Also for the first time, the temperature dependence of the coercivity of nanophase Nd-Fe-B magnets was determined from 4.2 to 300 K by measuring hysteresis loops on a single flake in a pulsed-field magnetometer with a field strength up to 24 MA/m. The coercivity of the nanophase Nd-Fe-B has less of a temperature dependence than sintered magnets     

含Ti和C的纳米复合Nd2Fe14B／α—Fe磁体研究

研究Ti和C添加对Nd9.4Fe79.6B11合金磁性能的影响规律。结果表明:Ti和C联合添加能够在不降低合金剩磁的情况下显著提高合金的矫顽力,最佳工艺条件下制备出的Nd9.4Fe75.6Ti4B10.5C0.5合金薄带的剩磁Br=0.91T,矫顽力Hcj=975.6kA/m,磁能积(BH)max=135.4kJ/m3。在磁体密度为6.1g/cm3时,黏结Nd9.4Fe75.6Ti4B10.5C0.5磁体剩磁Br=0.68T,内禀矫顽力Hcj=975kA/m,最大磁能积(BH)max=76 kJ/m3,性能和MQ-D磁粉制备的黏结磁体性能相当,具有低价位高性能的特点。     

Exchange Coupling and Magnetic Behavior of SmCo_(5-x)Sn_x Alloys

Exchange coupling and magnetic properties of SmCo5 alloys containing different amounts of Sn were investigated in sintered magnets.X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the formation of Sm2Co17 and Sm2Co7 phases in SmCo5 matrix.Exchange coupling mechanism was evaluated by switching field distribution,dcdemagnetization and magnetization curves as function of reverse applied field.Energy product of 59.2 kJ/m 3(7.4 MGOe),remanent magnetization to maximum magnetization ratio of 0.97 and remanence coercivity to intrinsic coercivity ratio of 1.75 were achieved for 0.2 at.% Sn.