氧化时间对微弧氧化膜电接触微动磨损行为的影响

目的研究不同氧化时间的铝合金表面微弧氧化涂层在电接触条件下的微动磨损行为,并探讨其磨损机理。方法通过控制氧化时间(10、20、30、40、50、60、70 min),在铝合金表面制备不同表面状态的微弧氧化涂层,并利用四线接触法研究其在电接触条件下接触电阻的变化,通过分析摩擦系数、F-D曲线、磨损形貌、三维轮廓及磨痕化学成分来揭示其微动磨损机理。结果电接触微动磨损下,氧化不同时间形成的微弧氧化涂层在相同电接触微动磨损条件下的耐磨性存在明显差异,进而影响其电接触行为。氧化10 min时,涂层磨损最严重,磨损区域的涂层迅速失效,从而导致铝合金基体外露,接触电阻骤降至零;氧化50 min时,涂层厚度最大,具有良好的耐磨性,缓减了接触电阻的衰减,接触电阻曲线在衰减过程中受到磨斑表面裂纹的影响而产生波动。结论氧化时间会影响微弧氧化膜表面形貌、粗糙度以及厚度,对其在电接触条件下的微动磨损行为影响较大。     

不同表面处理下H13钢的高温摩擦磨损行为

为研究H13钢在抛丸和喷砂处理下高温摩擦磨损行为，利用UMT-3高温摩擦磨损试验机、扫描式电子显微镜、能谱仪和三维共聚焦表面轮廓仪等设备分析了H13钢在不同温度下的摩擦因数、磨面形貌、磨痕成分、磨损体积及磨痕深度。结果表明，抛丸和喷砂处理的H13钢表面硬度和粗糙度均比未处理的高。喷砂处理的试样在磨损前期摩擦因数波动小，更早进入稳定摩擦阶段。620℃时磨损体积由未处理的6×10^-3 mm³降低至喷砂处理的4×10^-3 mm³,最大磨痕深度由40.423μm减小至16.837μm。未处理和抛丸处理的磨损机制分别为磨粒磨损和氧化磨损，喷砂试样中O元素含量大幅度降低，加工硬化效应使抵抗犁削和变形能力增强，磨损机制为氧化磨损和粘着磨损共同作用。经抛丸和喷砂处理的耐磨性能均比未处理要好，且喷砂处理的耐磨性能最佳。     

晶粒度等级对高铁车轮钢滚动摩擦磨损性能的影响

采用GPM-30型轮轨滚动接触疲劳试验机对比研究了3种不同晶粒度等级的ER8高铁车轮钢试样的滚动摩擦磨损性能,通过测量摩擦因数、计算磨损率、观察表面磨损形貌来评价其磨损性能。结果表明,试样晶粒度等级越高,稳态平均摩擦因数越小,磨损率越低。晶粒度11.0级试样的稳态平均摩擦因数为0.19,磨损率为0.663×10^-5 g/m,而晶粒度10.0级、晶粒度9.5级试样的稳定平均摩擦因数分别为0.26、0.35,磨损率分别为1.326×10^-5、4.421×10^-5 g/m。晶粒度9.5级试样表面的剥落损伤严重,磨损率最高。晶粒度11.0级试样磨损后表面氧化严重,在表面形成了一定厚度的氧化层,氧化层在磨损过程中起到减小摩擦的作用,因此,试样摩擦因数较小。     

喷丸处理对锆合金微动磨损及抗腐蚀性能的影响

目的探索喷丸处理工艺对锆合金包壳管的微动磨损及抗腐蚀性能的影响。方法对锆合金包壳管进行喷丸处理,对原始试样及喷丸处理试样进行微动磨损试验,并测量磨损深度和磨损体积、表征微动磨损后的表面粗糙度和表面形貌。此外,对原始试样及喷丸处理试样进行腐蚀试验,测量喷丸前后锆合金的腐蚀增重。结果喷丸处理使ZIRLO锆合金的磨损体积相对于未处理试样减少了5.7%。喷丸处理能够提高ZIRLO锆合金包壳管的硬度,但是高硬度区域较薄,约为4～8μm。腐蚀介质为去离子水和Li OH溶液时,喷丸试样的腐蚀增重分别经过140 d和220 d后低于原始试样。Li OH溶液条件下,未喷丸的ZIRLO合金管氧化膜的厚度约为15μm,喷丸后ZIRLO合金管氧化膜的厚度约为1.21μm。结论喷丸处理在一定程度上可以提高ZIRLO锆合金抗微动磨损性能和抗腐蚀性能,其中抗微动磨损性能有提高,但幅度不大,这与硬化层较薄有关。喷丸后试样经过腐蚀试验,腐蚀增重减少,氧化膜厚度减小,说明抗腐蚀性能增强,但喷丸试样的抗腐蚀性能在腐蚀进行到一定阶段时才开始体现。     

时间和粗糙度对4Cr5Mo2V钢离子氮化层高温磨损性能的影响

目的 提高4Cr5Mo2V钢离子氮化层的高温磨损性能.方法 以表面粗糙度(Ra)与氮化时间为变量,通过正交和单变量试验对4Cr5Mo2V钢进行离子氮化.使用显微硬度仪、光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、高温摩擦磨损试验机分别表征4Cr5Mo2V钢离子氮化层的表面硬度、显微硬度梯度、有效厚度、疏松度、物相及高温磨损性能,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和光学轮廓仪对渗层微观组织及高温摩擦磨损试样的磨损体积、磨痕形貌、截面形貌进行分析.结果 氮化6 h时,渗层表面硬度及有效厚度均随粗糙度增加而增大,但疏松度均在3—4级,渗层质量差且高温磨损性能不佳;氮化10 h时,离子氮化效果与氮化6 h时相反,且Ra为1.05μm的试样氮化层逐渐减薄至200μm,渗层疏松度进一步增加至5级;当氮化时间达到14 h时,Ra为0.15μm的试样获得质量最优的氮化层,其渗层有效厚度为300μm,显微硬度梯度为5级,渗层疏松度为1级,该试样在高温摩擦磨损试验下,磨损率比Ra为1.05μm的氮化试样低64％,高温磨损性能显著提高.结论 随着氮化时间的增加,表面粗糙度的增大会造成4Cr5Mo2V钢离子氮化层的减薄及疏松度的增加,使其高温磨损性能变差.表面粗糙度为0.15μm的4Cr5Mo2V钢经14 h氮化后,离子氮化层质量最佳,渗层的高温磨损性能有效提高.     

DLC薄膜对TC4钛合金微动磨损行为的影响

目的 为提高TC4钛合金的抗微动磨损性能,对比研究类金刚石薄膜(DLC)和TC4钛合金在干摩擦条件下的微动磨损行为,揭示DLC薄膜抗微动磨损的机理.方法 在TC4钛合金基体上利用非平衡磁控溅射技术制备DLC薄膜.利用原子力显微镜、拉曼光谱和纳米压痕仪分析薄膜的表面形貌、物相组成以及纳米硬度.利用球/平面接触形式SRV-V微动摩擦磨损试验机研究DLC薄膜和TC4钛合金的微动摩擦磨损性能.采用激光共聚焦显微镜和自带能谱分析仪的场发射扫描电镜分析材料的磨痕情况.通过Ft-D-N曲线、三维轮廓、磨损形貌及磨痕化学成分分析来揭示DLC薄膜和TC4钛合金微动损伤机理.结果 DLC薄膜与TC4钛合金相比,摩擦因数和磨损体积都很小.载荷为10 N时,DLC薄膜的摩擦因数为0.01～0.03,TC4钛合金的摩擦因数为0.07～0.12.从磨损率来看,TC4钛合金的磨损率随着位移幅值的增大而增大,DLC薄膜的磨损率随着位移幅值的增大而减小.位移幅值为100μm时,TC4钛合金的磨损率取得最大值(5.02×10?5 mm3/(N·m)),DLC薄膜的磨损率取得最小值(6.70×10?8 mm3/(N·m)).TC4钛合金磨损严重,磨损机制为粘着磨损、磨粒磨损、疲劳剥层和氧化磨损,同时伴随有塑性变形;而DLC薄膜磨损轻微,磨损机制以磨粒磨损为主.结论 DLC薄膜具有较高的硬度和良好的润滑特性.在干摩擦条件下,DLC薄膜可以显著提高TC4钛合金的抗微动磨损性能.     

石墨烯纳米片对D16T铝合金微弧氧化膜层结构与性能的影响

目的研究石墨烯纳米片对D16T铝合金耐磨耐蚀性的影响,为铝合金表面微弧氧化处理技术在油气领域的应用提供理论依据。方法利用微弧氧化技术在含与不含石墨烯的电解液中在D16T铝合金表面制备微弧氧化膜层,采用XRD、SEM、EDS分析了膜层相结构和表面形貌,测试了膜层的粗糙度和显微硬度,通过摩擦磨损和电化学实验研究了石墨烯纳米片对D16T铝合金微弧氧化膜耐磨性和耐蚀性的影响。结果微弧氧化膜层主要由α-Al2O3和γ-Al2O3相组成,石墨烯的添加使Al2O3相的衍射峰值和衍射峰的数量增加,Al衍射峰明显降低;膜层表面平整,表面熔融颗粒较少,表面有大块团聚物堆积。膜层由外部疏松层和内部致密层组成,疏松层微孔数量和微裂纹较少,膜层厚度稍有增加,致密层厚度由不含石墨烯时的0.6μm增至1.6μm。含石墨烯的膜层容抗弧半径明显增加,Bode图中低频阻抗值由5×10^5Ω·cm^2提升至106Ω·cm^2,疏松层电阻由1.57×10^5Ω·cm^2增至1.98×10^5Ω·cm^2,致密层电阻由3.07×10^5Ω·cm^2提升至1.24×106Ω·cm^2;膜层自腐蚀电位由-0.53 V提高至-0.41 V,自腐蚀电流密度由3.15×10^-7 A/cm^2降低至3.97×10^-8 A/cm^2;膜层质量磨损量明显降低,摩擦系数减小,耐磨性增加。结论石墨烯纳米片通过放电通道进入膜层填充膜层中的孔和裂纹,部分石墨烯形成团状覆于膜层表面,使膜层更加平整、致密,膜厚增加,膜层耐磨性和耐蚀性得到明显提升。     

石墨烯添加剂对ZL109铝合金活塞微弧氧化复合膜层摩擦性能的影响

在电解液中加入不同浓度石墨烯添加剂,通过微弧氧化在ZL109铝合金表面制备了石墨烯复合陶瓷膜,通过测厚仪和硬度计对膜层进行检测;然后对最佳浓度处理试件进行摩擦磨损试验,分析其摩擦因数、表面形貌以评价石墨烯添加剂对微弧氧化复合陶瓷膜摩擦性能的影响和作用机理。结果表明:石墨烯添加剂的加入使微弧氧化膜层具有更加优异表面性能和抗磨减摩性能,在浓度为6 g/L时膜层厚度达29.68 μm,硬度达到990.12 HV0.3,摩擦因数稳定在0.19,较普通陶瓷膜摩擦因数显著降低,达34.48%。在磨擦过程中,石墨烯对摩擦副表面的凹槽和划痕进行了填充,表面珩磨纹更加细密;同时,复合添加剂在磨擦过程中形成了C元素薄膜,起到了自修复作用。     

纯镁微弧氧化含碳陶瓷层的耐磨性能

为进一步提高纯镁表面微弧氧化陶瓷层的摩擦磨损性能,在硅酸盐体系的电解液中加入不同质量浓度的石墨烯添加剂,对纯镁试样进行微弧氧化处理。利用扫描电子显微镜、电子探针、显微硬度仪和原子力显微镜等分析镁微弧氧化陶瓷层的表面和截面形貌、陶瓷层成分、显微硬度和表面粗糙度,并用MS-T3000球-盘磨损实验机对微弧氧化陶瓷层的摩擦学性能进行研究,台阶仪计算比磨损量。结果表明:在微弧氧化电解液中加入少量石墨烯添加剂后制备的陶瓷层中含有一定量的碳元素,含碳的微弧氧化陶瓷层在干摩擦小滑动距离下的摩擦因数显著减小,最低至0.095,较原始镁试样的0.45减小近50倍,含碳微弧氧化陶瓷层比磨损量是原始试样的1/5。纯镁表面含碳微弧氧化陶瓷层有效提高了纯镁表面的减摩和耐磨性。     

复合镀层轧辊摩擦磨损性能研究

利用电沉积规律,试制出了粗糙度Ra=1.6μm,峰值密度Pc=140个/cm;Ra=2.0μm,Pc=140个/cm;Ra=2.5μm,Pc=130个/cm以及Ra=3.4μm,Pc=120个/cm等多组镀层,并对材料结构参数进行了实验测定。结果表明:使用相同的电沉积参数和镀液成分可以制备出表面特征、结构和性能均一致的镀层;镀层表面形成了半球形的凸包,凸包尺寸为20~30μm,凸包周边的低洼区域形成润滑油坑,减轻了轧制和冲压过程中轧辊、模具与工件之间的摩擦,保证了成形件良好的表面质量。利用MM-200摩擦磨损试验机,研究了滑动条件下轧辊的摩擦磨损性能。研究表明:在摩擦过程中,镀层与钢板结合力良好,无起皮、脱落、破损等情况发生;钢块的磨损程度随镀层表面粗糙度下降而逐渐减弱。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.