基于制造网格的虚拟企业组织变更与制造资源调度问题研究

为提高虚拟企业的组织和运营效率，引入网格技术，基于制造网格构建面向应用的虚拟企业架构。在虚拟企业环境下，根据制造资源不同的调度阶段，分别建立基于外网格的虚拟企业制造系统和基于内网格的成员企业制造子系统；提出以制造资源特征匹配为核心的虚拟企业分布式调度策略和成员企业本地调度策略。针对特征匹配过程，建立制造资源特征集，对每个特征集制订相应的匹配准则，以保证特征匹配的可行性，进而完成调度过程。最后，通过定制型人工关节产品开发实例，阐述了基于制造网格的虚拟企业组织和制造资源调度过程。     

支持分布业务的产品信息建模关键技术

中性数据描述和产品分类结构问题，是面向虚拟企业等分布业务的产品信息建模的关键技术。利用中性数据的方法，记录需要访问的产品数据特性描述，以获得关于访问方法、资源位置、资源数据表达格式等方面的知识；同时，在虚拟企业成员中采用一致的且普通接受的产品分类方法，并建立产品层次式的分类结构及相互关联，从而高效地运用分布的各种类型的资源，形成产品开发协同团队。可应用于制造业在Internet环境下的分布式业务协作。     

Partnership Synthesis for Virtual Enterprises

The virtual enterprise (VE) concept is one of the most important ways to raise the agility and competitiveness of a manufacturing enterprise. Under this concept a master company develops its products by using the manufacturing resources of external partners. Thus product design and partner selection or partner synthesis become two important issues. In this paper, we propose an integrated product design and partner synthesis process model, and develop an architecture of computer-aided product design and partner synthesis system for the VE (CAPDPS), in which product design and the partner synthesis module and the respective databases are implemented. Partner synthesis activity, in this paper, is divided into two phases: partner type synthesis and partner instance synthesis. In the partner type synthesis phase, group technology (GT) is applied for retrieving and selecting potential partners. In the partner instance synthesis phase, more factors other than the cost are identified, and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method is employed to select the best partner from the potential ones. A specific automobile manufacturing group (including master company and its partner factories) and its typical product – automobile steering assembly – are used as a case to verify the feasibility of the proposed approach.     

A Distributive and Collaborative Concurrent Product Design System through the WWW/Internet

Concurrent engineering involves the integration of people, tools, information, and processes into a responsive and efficient system. This paper addresses a key requirement in distributed concurrent engineering, namely, the ability for geographically dispersed and disparate parties, having heterogeneous computing platforms, to exchange design and manufacturing data. The development of an effective and efficient collaborative product design support environment based on the WWW/Internet is presented. A new method that reduces the transmission time through the use of macro files is proposed to realise the real-time communication, together with a monitoring methodology for synchronising group operations, and maintaining consistency of shared CAD models in a cooperative design review (co-modifying) process. Based on the proposed methods, a software interface has been developed to extend the traditional single location CAD software system to a multi-location application for coordinated product design through the Internet. This software interface was coded in Java. The architecture is a connection-oriented client/server structure using TCP/IP protocol. Unigraphics on a UNIX Workstation and MicroStation on Windows NT have been successfully integrated. The findings of this paper allow product designers to exchange and share product data, communicate with team members, modify geometry data on particular aspects of the design, and maintain operations consistency in all the distributed cooperative sites on a wide variety of platforms.     

基于Web服务的敏捷制造资源集成框架研究

为解决敏捷制造资源集成的若干问题，提出了一种基于Web服务的敏捷制造资源集成解决方案，主要包含企业端的制造资源提供程序和运行在Internet上的敏捷制造资源集成服务，以及制造资源搜索引擎，并运用基于本体论的制造资源建模。制造资源提供者程序首先对制造资源本体建模，然后通过制造资源访问器将其相应的Web服务发布到Internet。敏捷制造资源集成服务提供制造资源服务的注册、快速发现和集成等功能，它是统一描述、发现和集成协议的扩展；面向制造资源的搜索引擎建立在敏捷制造资源集成的基础上，提供集成的制造资源的智能化发现功能。与现有的制造资源集成方法相比，该方法不但支持跨越Internet的、松散耦合和异构环境下的制造资源集成，还支持快速的制造资源发布与发现，具有高度的可扩展性、可维护性和可伸缩性。     

OpenPDM-based product data exchange among heterogeneous PDM systems in a distributed environment

In a global product development environment, more and more companies are implementing distributed engineering processes in order to shorten the time to market and merge different core competences. One of the important issues in collaborative product development during the whole product creation is to easily and quickly access the digital product definition models and documents of relevant partners. The essential problems of product data distribution are that each partner has to know what information to find in which system, how to collect the necessary information from individual systems, and how to assemble partial information so that it becomes complete. Even more difficult is the need to ensure the partner adapts to every change in the distribution model of information. To solve these problems, we propose the OpenPDM-based product data exchange method among heterogeneous PDM systems, which is a concept of a virtual data warehouse that provides data access to all partners in a distributed environment. The method is effective for partners who require real-time access to data residing in multiple heterogeneous PDM systems. We also implemented an integrated PDM system for logically linking product data which are physically distributed, and we used this system in a data exchange experiment.     

基于细胞元本体的协同制造资源共享

为实现广域分散的、异构制造资源的共享和集成,提出了一种基于细胞元本体的协同制造资源共享方法。详细介绍了细胞元本体的构建过程。细胞元本体统一描述高层次的语义信息,实现了产品全生命期的语义信息的动态获取。根据该框架,实现了一个原型系统,该系统实现了异构制造资源的语义互操作,为企业提供了更丰富的制造资源。     

基于Web的异地协同生产计划与控制策略研究

动态联盟作为敏捷制造的组织形式是实现敏捷制造的关键技术之一。文章提出了基于敏捷制造模式下的动态联盟企业异地协同生产调度与控制的框架模型，并详细探讨了生产调度的协同控制方法和核心问题，借助Internet/Intranet构建了一个协同生产调度与控制的实施模型，为制造业进行分散网络化集成产品开发与制造提供了一种参考模型。     

A distributed product development architecture for engineering collaborations across ubiquitous virtual enterprises

In order to use high-fidelity analysis and design tools at the design stage, designers need to communicate with domain experts and their tools, which may be geographically dispersed over heterogeneous computing platforms. However, technical difficulties and ontological issues such as distributed computing, application integration, and distributed product information sharing impede the collaborative product development. This paper presents a distributed product development architecture for engineering collaborations across ubiquitous virtual enterprises. It provides an integrated framework for product development services to effectively communicate to realize true engineering application integration. The focus of this paper is to address three key issues. One is concerned with product information sharing and synchronization across virtual enterprises. Another is concerned with federations of product development services over the collaborative process. The third is related to the engineering context management using semantic web for providing more human-oriented collaborations services. A case study for developing a mobile phone is shown to validate the implementation of the proposed approach, which gives a great deal of possibilities for supporting a rich set of product development scenarios in ubiquitous environments.     

支持概念设计的分布式协同设计环境的研究

一个复杂产品的概念设计往往需要多学科领域专家之间的协同。基于黑板模型 ,本文提出了一个分布式模块化协同设计框架结构。首先分别介绍了支持该框架结构的几个关键技术 ,即产品信息共享模型、设计问题的分布式构模方法以及基于约束的冲突检测方法。然后利用这些框架支持技术以及网络使能技术开发了一个分布式模块化协同设计环境 DCMDE,能有效地支持不同地理位置、不同学科的设计人员进行机械产品的协同概念设计。一个齿轮箱协同方案设计实例显示了系统的有效性     

复杂产品协同开发支撑环境的研究与实现

航空发动机等复杂产品的开发过程跨越时间、地域,需要多学科工程小组协同完成,而传统的协调方法和协同工作工具成为制造企业执行这类过程的瓶颈.本文分析了协同产品开发中的各种协作模式,提出复杂产品协同开发支撑环境的参考模型,开发了符合该参考模型的软件原型,为产品开发人员提供了一个柔性的协同工作环境.     

敏捷化产品开发的框架及关键技术

提出了敏捷产品开发的框架结构 ,在此框架结构中 ,基于工作流管理的敏捷产品开发的信息集成和系统的快速可重构是其中的两个关键 ,因此统一的工作流程管理技术、异构环境下产品数据信息的交换、对原有应用程序的封装技术、Internet环境下联盟企业信息的安全保证是几个主要的关键技术。分析了分布式企业内和异地联盟企业间的数据共享和协作机理 ,为未来完善的分布式运作提供了协同技术支持     

协同产品开发平台的研究与实现

协同产品开发平台作为中小企业提供异地设计与制造和资源共享支撑平台，是北京市网络化制造工程的重要组成部分。本文研究了协同产品开发平台框架及关键技术。平台实现了分布式资源共享方式，基于CORBA，Web和Agent封装已有系统，支持用户通过Web浏览器获取CORBA服务。协同产品开发平台包括分布式资源共享和基于ASP的资源共享两种方式。在北京市网络化制造工程中实现了协同产品开发平台原型系统。     

A distributed interconnected control for computer-integrated manufacturing

An innovative control system architecture is considered which preserves the parallelism of the manufacturing operation with the goal of improving productivity through maximal use of resources with varying product mixes. To combine flexibility with efficiency, the expert integrated management (XIM) architecture technology is developed which governs a multiprocess environment with distributed intelligent interfaces and which controls the communication and synchronization tasks for each manufacturing situation. The performance of this distributed interconnected control system is demonstrated with the special purpose expert simulator (XIM-SIFIP), which combines the previously developed simulational facilities (XS-SIFIP, for flexible manufacturing sections and XT-SIFIP, for tool-supplying service) by means of a new information processing device that enables parallel control of the multiagent framework.     

虚拟样机多学科协同设计与仿真平台实现技术

在分析产品协同开发平台的功能框架以及主要协同模式的基础上，深入研究了虚拟样机多学科协同设计与仿真平台的分布式计算模型，及其协同运行管理、协同产品开发资源库管理、分布数据的协同交互管理与系统实现技术。基于COM／DCOM的建模与仿真工具协同、支持仿真联邦管理的数据库设计和CORBA的应用实现技术，开发了原型系统。该系统支持Internet网络环境下各种建模与仿真工具跨平台、分布交互与异构集成，可有效支持复杂产品虚拟样机的协同开发。     

面向服务链构建的云制造资源集成共享技术研究

为实现时序约束关联任务驱动的云制造环境下面向服务链构建的制造资源集成共享,研究并提出一种能促进云制造环境下制造资源快速共享、广域集成和分散服务特点的服务过程模型,对基于语义本体的云制造任务与资源建模、基于Web服务资源框架的云制造资源的平台服务化封装方案、云制造任务分解与时序约束关联原子任务链构建技术,以及云制造资源服务链构建技术等关键问题进行了研究,有效解决了云制造环境下异构资源描述、虚拟化、检索匹配与服务组合问题,最后通过仿真算例对提出的云制造服务模式及技术方案进行了验证。     

Internet-based collaborative product development chain for networked product development

Product development in the manufacturing industry has been facing unprecedented challenges brought about by ever-changing global and competitive market conditions as well as changing individual customer demands. As manufacturing enterprises become more specialized, they need to communicate and work concurrently on a large volume of product data covering their factories, sub-contractors as well as suppliers. The collaboration and cooperation between enterprises is changing from a supply chain based on material flow to a collaborative product development chain based on task flow. Computer network technologies, especially the Internet, have injected velocity into product development activities and enabled companies to shift their traditionally centralized product development philosophy to networked product development philosophy. This paper introduces a new paradigm called Internet-based collaborative product development chain (ICPDC) to answer the aforementioned needs of current product development. It connects users in geographically different locations to carry out product development activities simultaneously and collaboratively using a series of tools, including product management tools, workflow management tools, and project management tools. Some key aspects of the ICPDC, including its concept, collaboration mechanism, constituents and fashioning principle, are introduced in detail. Furthermore, a framework for the ICPDC based on a Brower/Server is proposed. Finally, a prototype is implemented using web services technology and .Net programming language to demonstrate the feasibility of the structure and the collaborative approach that has been developed.     

网格技术在虚拟企业中的应用研究

制造企业在构建虚拟企业时,普遍存在共享资源使用效率低的问题。网格技术的出现为该问题的解决提供了一种有效的方法,提高了资源使用效率。介绍了网格的特征和体系结构,探讨了制造网格的内涵,并对其进行了应用分类。在此基础上,提出了通过网格技术实现的企业信息集成框架,分析了该框架的实现方法;结合一个具体的应用背景,设计了基于网格技术构建的虚拟企业5层模型应用框架,并进行了详细的功能分析。最后,通过具体的实例,演示了应用框架在构建的制造网格试验平台中的初步实现。     

An information-integrated framework to support e-Manufacturing

The information integration of geometric design, finite/boundary element analysis (FEA/BEA), and numerical control (NC) machining is an important issue in e-Manufacturing and product development in geographically distributed sites. In this paper, a unified information-integrated framework based on XML (the eXtensible Markup Language) was created to support e-Manufacturing and integrate geometric design, FEA/BEA, and NC machining via the Internet. The structures of DTDs (Document Type Definitions) and XML files of geometric design, FEA/BEA, and NC machining were developed. Key technologies of supporting the XML-based integration and information communication, such as SAX (the Simple API (Application Programming Interface) for XML), DOM (the Document Object Model), SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol), etc., are discussed. XML-based information integration via the Internet will shorten the development cycle, save costs in product development, and, finally, improve the competitive capability of e-Manufacturing in the global competition of product development.     

Web-based distributed manufacturing control systems

With the evolution of the application of web technology, agent-based manufacturing systems can be both easily implemented and become a potential approach for modern manufacturing enterprises. In this paper, we present problems and models required for the development of web-based distributed manufacturing control systems. The specific objectives are: (1) to propose an appropriate architecture for a web-based distributed manufacturing control system, (2) to define the specification of a web-based cell controller, (3) to design the co-operative mechanisms, contract net protocol, for better system performance, (4) to upgrade the communication capability of existing CNC machines from RS232C to TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) based on Ethernet .To demonstrate the proposed development, prototype software based on ASP and VB programming was designed and implemented. As a result, not only is a great amount of time saved in the development of web-based manufacturing control software, but this development can also enhance the competitive capability of companies trying to operate on a flexible basis.