三次采油用表面活性剂的制备、应用及进展

主要介绍和概述了三次采油(EOR)用表面活性剂的制备、性能、应用特点及其最新进展。阴离子型表面活性剂在三次采油中应用最为普遍，它们主要包括石油磺酸盐、烷基苯磺酸盐、石油羧酸盐、木质素磺酸盐等，而其中以磺酸盐型最多。三次采油用表面活性剂的研究趋向主要是耐高含盐量、耐高温、吸附损失低、成本低等方面。     

三次采油用表面活性剂体系的发展趋势及展望

介绍了三次采油用表面活性剂体系在抗盐、耐温和低成本方向的发展,指出高性能和低成本的结合点仍是今后表面活性剂研究的重点,并对表面活性剂今后的发展作了展望。     

我国油田化学品的现状与发展前景（一）

综述了钻井液处理剂、三次采油用油田化学剂、特殊油气田开采用化学剂和三次采油采出液破乳剂的研究与应用现状、现存问题和发展趋势。驱油用表面活性剂的发展趋势是改进传统表面活性剂、开发新型表面活性剂和研究表面活性剂复配技术。在稠油热采方面应用的表面活性剂应提高耐温性,研制高效、环保的破乳剂是三次采油采出液破乳剂的发展趋势。     

专利信息

一种驱油用阴离子表面活性剂的制备方法;一种驱油用表面活性剂、配方体系及其在三次采油中的应用;一种三次采油用高效阴离子型表面活性剂的制备方法;一种利用生物表面活性剂的采油方法;一种表面活性剂及在采油工艺中的配方体系.     

三次采油用抗盐性表面活性剂的制备及应用

介绍了当前三次采油用抗盐性表面活性剂的制备方法及实际应用,并展望了今后的研究方向和发展趋势。     

Gemini表面活性剂的结构特点及在采油中的应用

文章简要地介绍了Gemini表面活性剂的结构特点；从表面活性剂的作用原理出发，介绍了Gemini表面活性剂的优良性能：如表面张力、泡沫力、润湿力、优异的协同效应、耐温抗盐性等；在此基础上，阐述了该类表面活性剂在油田三次采油上的应用前景。     

表面活性剂在三次采油中的应用

三次采油属于是对原油的充分采收的技术,通过热回收、微生物注入、超声波刺激、化学注入,气体注入等方式提升采收率。石油属于国家发展的重要资源,因此在对原油进行采收时需要确保彻底性,在三次采油过程中,通过表面活性剂的添加驱替,能够有效提高原油采收率。本文以表面活性剂在三次采油中的应用为核心,首先介绍表面活性剂种类,然后陈述三次采油中表面活性剂作用机理,最后分析表面活性剂在三次采油中的具体应用。     

采油用阴离子双子表面活性剂的研究进展

阴离子双子表面活性剂由于独特的物化性质,使其在三次采油中的应用具有一定的可行性和巨大的应用潜力,越来越受到重视。综述了国内外采油用阴离子表面活性剂的合成研究现状。主要介绍了羧酸盐型、硫酸盐型和磺酸盐型三类阴离子双子表面活性剂的合成及应用研究,并探讨了阴离子双子表面活性剂的应用发展前景。     

表面活性剂在三次采油中的应用

介绍了三次采油使用的表面活性剂类型、特点及要求,展望了今后表面活性剂的研发方向。     

烷基二苯醚双磺酸盐类表面活性剂的多功能性和应用前景

介绍了最早实现工业化的双亲水基阴离子表面活性剂烷基二苯醚双磺酸盐的制备方法、性能特点，并与传统的单亲水基阴离子表面活性剂进行了比较。认为这类表面活性剂非常适于配制低温无磷超浓缩液体洗涤剂以及含漂白剂的洗涤剂，并有望在三次采油及土壤修复等与地质有关的场合大量应用。     

A Review of Gemini Surfactants: Potential Application in Enhanced Oil Recovery

Gemini surfactants are a group of novel surfactants with more than one hydrophilic head group and hydrophobic tail group linked by a spacer at or near the head groups. Unique properties of gemini surfactants, such as low critical micelle concentration, good water solubility, unusual micelle structures and aggregation behavior, high efficiency in reducing oil/water interfacial tension, and interesting rheological properties have attracted the attention of academic researchers and field experts. Rheological characterization and determination of the interfacial tension are two of the most important screening techniques for the evaluation and selection of chemicals for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). This review deals with rheology, wettability alteration, adsorption and interfacial properties of gemini surfactants and various factors affecting their performance. The review highlights the current research activities on the application of gemini surfactants in EOR.     

国内外强化采油用表面活性剂研究进展

中国石油对外依存度持续上升,而采收率持续下降。中国剩余石油储量中大部分为高温高盐、低渗透、稠油油藏等难以开采的苛刻油藏。化学驱强化采油技术目前所使用的石油磺酸盐、烷基苯磺酸盐等常规表面活性剂由于活性低、耐盐性差而导致低效甚至无效。综述了新型表面活性剂,如阴-非离子表面活性剂、双子及寡聚表面活性剂、甜菜碱型两性表面活性剂、高分子表面活性剂、烷基糖苷表面活性剂、黏弹性表面活性剂、生物表面活性剂、阴阳离子混合表面活性剂等的研究进展。讨论了国内外强化采油用表面活性剂评价方法的差异。最后,对采油用表面活性剂的发展方向进行了展望。     

低渗砂岩岩心AESO3表面活性剂驱油室内效果评价

随着我国低渗透油田步入三次采油阶段,三次采油用表面活性剂的研究成为当前研究的重点。ZC油田长2储层是典型的低渗透储层,本次为其选取了AESO3表面活性剂,其抗盐性与表面张力均符合长2储层流体的要求,本次选用的表面活性剂可以将储层驱油效率平均提高5.7%,将储层水相渗透率平均提高10%。     

表面活性剂复配在三次采油中的应用进展

在三次采油技术中应用最广泛的是阴离子型和非离子型表面活性剂。阴离子表面活性剂界面活性高,吸附量小,但其耐盐性能较差;非离子表面活性剂耐盐性好但不耐温;将不同的表面活性剂进行混合复配,所得到的混合物存在着协同效应,可改善单一的表面活性剂性能。本文介绍了阴离子表面活性剂与阴离子、非离子表面活性剂以及新型表面活性剂复配的应用进展,讨论了表面活性剂复配协同机理的研究进展。     

磺化产品的功能化与绿色化

综述了磺酸盐/硫酸酯盐表面活性剂的国内现状与发展趋势。指出,首先应开发多功能化的磺化产品,以满足未来洗涤用品的发展要求;其次,应开发适合三次采油用的磺酸盐型表面活性剂;再次,应开发适合不同应用领域的油脂基表面活性剂,推进被磺化原料的绿色化进程。     

Enhanced oil recovery chemical needs

A large fraction of known petroleum resources will not be recoverable by conventional methods. Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) is costly, but a significant amount of production is possible at current world oil prices, and additional production is possible at prices equivalent to synthetic alternates. Many opportunities exist for uses of chemicals in EOR. In particular, polymers and surfactants that are effective and stable at high temperatures and high salinities are needed for surfactant flooding to achieve its potential. Potential markets can be large in the 1990s and beyond. Many factors other than improved chemicals will impact on the future development of EOR. Risks to the chemical industry in new product development would appear to be reasonable, as long as oil producers continue a major effort to develop EOR processes.     

Effect of Nanoparticles on Viscosity and Interfacial Tension of Aqueous Surfactant Solutions at High Salinity and High Temperature

Surfactant flooding has widely been used as one of the chemically enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques. Surfactants majorly influence the interfacial tension, γ, between oil and brine phase and control capillary number and relative permeability behavior and, thus, influence ultimate recovery. Additives, such as nanoparticles, are known to affect surfactant properties and are regarded as promising EOR agents. However, their detailed interactions with surfactants are not well understood. Thus, in this work, we examined the influence of silica nanoparticles on the ability of surfactants to lower γ and to increase viscosity at various temperatures and salinities. Results show that the presence of nanoparticles decreased γ between n-decane and various surfactant formulations by up to 20%. It was found that γ of nanoparticles–surfactant solutions passed through a minimum at 35 °C when salt was added. Furthermore, the viscosity of cationic surfactant solutions increased at specific salt (1.5 wt.%) and nanoparticle (0.05 wt.%) concentrations. Results illustrate that selected nanoparticles–surfactant formulations appear very promising for EOR as they can lower brine/n-decane interfacial tension and act as viscosity modifiers of the injected fluids.     

Synergism and Performance for Systems Containing Binary Mixtures of Anionic/Cationic Surfactants for Enhanced Oil Recovery

The surfactant structure–performance relationship and application properties in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) for binary mixtures of anionic and cationic surfactants are presented and discussed. A polyoxyethylene ether carboxylate anionic surfactant was blended with a quaternary ammonium chloride cationic surfactant and tested for a high-temperature, low-salinity, and high-hardness condition as found in an oil reservoir. These mixtures were tailored by phase behavior tests to form optimal microemulsions with normal octane (n-C8) and crude oil having an API gravity of 48.05°. The ethoxy number of the polyoxyethylene carboxylate anionic surfactant and the chain length of the cationic surfactant were tuned to find an optimal surfactant blend. Interfacial tensions with n-C8 and with crude oil were measured. Synergism between anionic and cationic surfactants was indicated by surface tension measurement, CMC determination, calculation of surface excess concentrations and area per molecule of individual surfactants and their mixtures. Molecular interactions of anionic and cationic surfactants in mixed monolayers and aggregates were calculated by using regular solution theory to find molecular interaction parameters β ^σ and β ^M . Morphologies of surfactant solutions were studied by cryogenic TEM. The use of binary mixtures of anionic/cationic surfactants significantly broadens the scope of application for conventional chemical EOR methods.