燕山大学高层住宅的个性化设计

住宅设计中针对不同的使用对象,对影响设计的若干因素中所考虑的重点也有所不同,才能体现出建筑的个性与多元化.以燕山大学高层住宅为例,综合考虑各影响因素的利弊,合理取舍和优化方案,使其功能更有针对性,为特定的使用者设计出理想的生活空间.     

刍议高层建筑剪力墙的连梁设计

通过对连梁的介绍,探讨了连梁设计中需注意的刚度、内力、跨度等问题,指出高层建筑剪力墙连梁的设计受诸多因素的影响,需综合考虑,统筹兼顾,才能设计出抗震性强的建筑物。     

城市立交辅道设计中的人性化设计研究

城市立交桥是解决十字路口交通问题的重要手段之一,其设计过程中涉及多个专业的内容,是一项复杂的系统性工程。城市立交桥作为立体化交通的重要节点,不仅需要考虑对交通系统的影响,还要能够与城市景观进行融合,并深入考虑立交桥的人性化设计,从而充分发挥出立交桥应有的功效。论文阐述了城市立交辅道设计中人性化设计的主要含义和影响因素,提出城市立交辅道设计中人性化设计的相关措施。     

浅谈桥梁的绿色设计

桥梁建设对环境带来不利影响的事实已毋庸质疑,桥梁设计不仅应考虑功能、安全、经济、美观等传统因素,还应考虑建造、使用乃至废弃后的整个生命周期内对环境的不利影响,桥梁设计应该是可持续发展的＂绿色设计＂。     

建筑节能设计中考虑的因素

从影响建筑节能设计的主要因素如用地因素、墙体因素、窗户因素、屋顶因素等进行分析。得出影响建筑节能的因素很多,要综合考虑各方面的因素,才能取得良好的节能效果。     

山区公路路线线型设计的影响因素研究

随着汽车这种运输工具的数量越来越多,人们对出行公路也越来越重视起来。如今公路已经慢慢进入了山区人民的视野中,山区公路路线线型设计是一项重要的工作,它对山区的开发以及发展也有着很大的影响。为了设计出更加符合山区地形的公路,需要设计人员做好施工前的勘探工作,还要考虑多方因素来决定公路的路线及线型。本文对山区公路路线线型设计的影响因素进行探究,希望对山区公路设计有所意义。     

灰熵 TOPSIS 理论下的设计—施工一体化影响因素分析

通过查阅相关文献及统计资料,综合考虑了在贫数据、不确定的复杂系统内影响设计—施工一体化程度的多个相关因素。建立了包含技术、经济、规模、环境和风险 5 个层面的指标体系。该体系以 2010~2014 年为时间维,选用主成分分析方法筛选出相关性较大的部分指标。构造出多属性判断矩阵。利用灰熵理论与 TOPSIS 理论相结合,计算出各指标的数值,以综合评价系数为评价依据得出各影响因素重要性的排序。并对于各影响因素重要性提出了促进设计—施工一体化的建议。     

某高层住宅的基础设计

建筑基础设计是结构设计中非常重要的一项内容.结构师应该根据工程所在的具体位置深入分析地质、土质情况,同时综合考虑经济等其他因素,只有这样,才能设计出最合理的基础方案.论文以滨州市一项实际工程为例,综合考虑当地实际情况,经过反复对比与演算,提供出合理的基础设计方案,对高层建筑设计人员有一定参考价值.     

探讨影响书籍装帧设计品质与格调的因素分析

书籍装帧设计是书籍造型设计的总称,是书籍的整体设计,主要包括了纸张、封面材料、字体等的选择和设计。通过书籍装帧设计能够有效的反应出作者所创作的意图,该书籍的特色等方面,同时还需要考虑读者需求,以及符合大部分人的审美观念。以下主要针对书籍装帧设计品质和格调的影响因素进行了分析。     

建筑工程防水设计问题初探

湿(包括气态和液态水)是影响建筑外墙性能的决定因素,防水是实践性很强的学科。本文对比了国内外相关标准,分析了建筑工程防水等级和设计年限的影响因素,归纳出建筑使用寿命中考虑湿影响后的效应,并提出延长建筑工程防水年限的措施及建议。     

User behavior in whole building simulation

Energy use in buildings is closely linked to their operational and space utilization characteristics and the behavior of their occupants. The occupant has influence due to his presence and activities in the building and due to his control actions that aim to improve indoor environmental conditions (thermal, air quality, light, noise). Due to the demand for sustainable buildings more passive buildings will be built. Consequently the weight of the user behavior on the energy balance of a building increases. In the design phase, e.g., via building performance simulation, this effect has only recently been recognized. In this study the effect of user behavior on building performance has been evaluated further to assess requirements for design solutions to arrive at buildings that are more robust to the influence of user behavior. In the research two recent developments with respect to user presence and user interactions in a building have been combined. The results indicate that for specific buildings user behavior should be assessed in more detail, to allow the building design to be optimized for the actual user and its peculiarities. A guideline supports the decision process.     

Optimizing energy efficiency and occupant comfort with climate specific design of the building

Designing energy efficient and comfortable buildings requires harmonizing the complex interactions of architecture, construction and building service engineering. The building envelope has a particular importance, since it integrates many functions and has direct influence on indoor climate. Focusing on satisfaction of the user means that the indoor climate is a key for a holistic design approach. Only a satisfied user will not intervene with the designed energy concept or the indoor climate control; dissatisfaction results in multiple system interventions which may cause waste of energy and sometimes even damage to building envelope components. Satisfaction with the indoor environment also increases working productivity or enables effective recreation of residents.The paper deals with international research activities in the field of climate specific building design. Various comfort and energy monitoring surveys of office buildings as well as residential buildings provide substantial information about the occupants' behavior and their needs during specific situations under different outdoor climates. This information allows summarizing basic climate dependent design principles which architects should keep in mind during the early stages of the design process. It also helps to develop strategies aiming at reducing building energy demand and at the same time consider comfort aspects. The second part of this paper demonstrates application of the climate dependent design principles in a housing project in Dubai.     

住宅分户供暖的热源问题

分析了用户调节对热源的影响,讨论了热源负荷的影响因素。通过计算不同散热器、不同供回水温度条件下室内温度变化对热源热负荷的影响,给出了在实行住宅分户计量后热源设计中热负荷确定的参考意见。     

Improving building facade design using integrated simulation of daylighting, thermal performance and natural ventilation

The opening of building facade has a strong influence on energy consumption. However, making full use of solar energy and natural wind to reduce energy consumption is a challenge for architects. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of the facade design on energy consumption from an operable aspect. The evaluation comes from an integrated approach combining daylighting, thermal performance and natural ventilation. The study is based on computer simulation technique utilizing simulation tools EnergyPlus and Fluent. To facilitate the use of EnergyPlus, a simple graphic user interface has been developed by Matlab. The interface can set the parameters of EnergyPlus and process the wind pressure coefficients calculated by Fluent. With this interface, three type facade configurations with different areas or position changes have been modelled. The results show that opening area, compared with opening positions, exerts a greater influence on energy consumption. The opening position changes have a positive influence; however, this influence is small: at around 2%.     

"文化"在大学校园空间环境设计中的传承

文章阐述作为大学文化精神传承的重要载体——校园空间环境设计，应尊重校园人行为、心理，尊重各校特有的文化背景，在潜移默化中传承文化，营造特色校园环境。     

重庆高密度城市环境天然采光设计方法

绿色与可持续性建筑的本质在于平衡和协调室内、室外环境及满足用户的不同需求,达成建筑与环境的融合。近年来,随着城市建筑密度急剧加大,传统的建筑采光设计方法已不能满足高密度城市环境下的采光要求。因此,满足建筑采光要求已成为建筑设计中日益凸现的一个问题。通过研究重庆地区独特的地形、地貌及高密度城市形态对天然采光的影响,提出适合重庆高密度城市环境的天然采光设计方法。该方法对同类型高密度城市环境采光设计具有一定的启示作用。     

Machine Learning User Preferences for Structural Design

Abstract: The design process often proceeds through iterative stages of design configuration, analysis, evaluation, and redesign with the ultimate goal of optimization. Numerical methods for structural design optimization of only one attribute such as weight, strength, or cost are well known. However, these methods do not reflect the fact that designs are evaluated by the user in terms of their performance in several attributes. It has been extremely difficult to incorporate multiple attributes into design optimization algorithms because the acceptable tradeoffs between these attributes vary significantly between users.
This paper presents a new method for learning user-specific preferences and integrating them into the design evaluation, analysis, and optimization process in a meaningful way. The approach is a synthesis of formal decision theoretic methods with conventional design analysis techniques. The overall design objective is optimization of multiattribute utility from the viewpoint of the user.
A user-interactive computer-aided Multiattribute Structural Design Evaluation and Optimization System (MSDEOS) is presented. It enables machine learning of the user's willingness to make tradeoffs between performance attributes. With this system, it is feasible to integrate site-specific consideration of multiple attributes directly into computer aids for structural design optimization. Two examples are presented: seismic design, where tradeoffs are made between cost and damage index, and design of a three-story steel frame structure, where attributes are cost and drift index. The system learns the preferences of different users and reflects those preferences through the identification of a different optimal solution for each user.     

间歇采暖条件下建筑围护结构热工性能评价研究

建筑围护结构和设备的节能设计是实现建筑节能与室内热舒适的两个重要手段,不同的设备运行模式会导致不同的建筑和设备节能设计.但目前的相关标准仍沿用连续采暖(空调)模式进行建筑能耗的模拟计算,未考虑实际的设备运行状况,使预测的节能效果与实际情况出入较大,对围护结构热工性能的评价出现偏颇.通过对不同墙体在不同采暖运行模式下的建筑能耗和热舒适度的理论和实测研究,分析了在不同模式下不同墙体的热工性能,为正确评价建筑围护结构热工性能和建筑节能效果评价提供了方法和依据.     

建筑院系馆内部空间设计影响因素分析

本文从建筑院系馆使用者的切身角度提出文理交融的专业属性、各有侧重的教学理念、高频互动的专业需求、间歇性高强度的工作习惯四项内部空间的主要影响因素,进而总结出使用者对内部空间的多种需求。     

场景空间的营造——以杭州良渚文化村竹径茶语组团为例

建筑设计的过程中,使用者是不可缺失的一环,建筑空间的营造既要实现使用者需求的物质转化,也应关注空间的领域特性对使用者行为心理的影响。结合杭州良渚文化村竹径茶语组团的工程实践,通过对特定类型住宅空间组合模式的解析,探讨了形成场景空间的设计策略。