(Y,Gd)2O3:Eu(YGO:Eu)纳米粉体合成及透明陶瓷制备

研究以碳酸氢铵作为沉淀剂制备Y1．34Gd0.6Eu0.06O3（YGO：Eu）纳米粉体的工艺，并采用真空烧结制备了YGO：Eu透明陶瓷．实验结果表明：以硝酸盐为母盐，以碳酸氢铵为沉淀剂，在本研究试验条件下获得的YGO先驱物为晶态的水合稀土碳酸钇钆正盐．先驱物在600℃煅烧后可以得到立方晶型的YGO粉体．煅烧温度对粉体的颗粒尺寸及尺寸分布有影响，1100℃煅烧所获得的粉体由粒径-100nm的球形颗粒组成，颗粒尺寸分布均匀，粉体具有较好的烧结性能．采用所制备的YGO：Eu纳米粉体，在1670℃真空烧结2h可获得透光性良好的透明陶瓷，样品在可见光区的最高透过率可达74．6％，高于相同工艺条件下制备的氧化钇透明陶瓷．     

MgO和烧结温度对Al_2O_3透明陶瓷显微结构和性能的影响

采用高纯Al2O3粉末为原料,在氢气气氛中烧结了氧化铝透明陶瓷。研究了添加剂MgO和烧结温度对Al2O3透明陶瓷致密化过程、显微结构和性能的影响。实验结果表明,适量掺杂MgO能够抑制晶粒生长,改善烧结性能,提高致密度,0.05%(质量分数)是MgO最佳含量;随着烧结温度的升高,晶粒发育完全,透光率增加,1850℃为最佳烧结温度;在最佳条件下获得的氧化铝透明陶瓷,相对密度为99.72%,平均晶粒尺寸约20μm,总透光率达到93%,显微硬度(HV5)为20.75GPa,抗弯强度达到320MPa。     

国产氧化铝粉体的改性及其烧结性能研究

通过某国产氧化铝粉体的研磨和分散,得到颗粒粒度分布窄、颗粒大小均匀的氧化铝粉体;添加氧化镁为烧结助剂,分别进行无压烧结和真空烧结,研究了烧结温度对氧化铝陶瓷的相对密度、显微结构、抗弯强度和直线透过率的影响.在1 500℃无压烧结样品晶粒尺寸为2-3 μm,抗弯强度达到545 MPa; 1 850℃真空烧结样品的晶粒尺寸为20-30 μm,直线透过率(600 nm)达到32%.     

钇稳定氧化锆纳米粉体烧结工艺的研究

实验研究了钇全稳定氧化锆(8YSZ)纳米粉体的烧结工艺,根据阿基米德原理测瓷体密度,通过测定烧结前后瓷片尺寸获得烧结线收缩率,使用扫描电子显微镜观测样品微观形貌,并探讨了纳米粉体烧结的致密化过程,分析了烧结工艺对致密度和晶粒大小的影响,得到了8YSZ纳米粉体合理的烧结工艺为:采用两步烧结,首先升温到1500℃,升温速率为3℃/min,然后降低温度到1450℃,烧结时间为4h.结果显示,采用该工艺,可以得到相对密度98%,晶粒尺寸小于3μm的性能优异的8YSZ瓷体.研究发现,粉体粒度对烧结性能影响较大,纳米粉体比普通粉体具有较低的开始烧结温度,双粒度混合粉体可以进一步提高其烧结性能.     

SPS制备亚微米晶氧化铝陶瓷

以商业α-Al₂O₃粉体为原料, MgO为烧结助剂, 采用放电等离子烧结技术(SPS)制备亚微米晶氧化铝陶瓷. 系统研究了烧结温度、烧结助剂含量对亚微米晶氧化铝陶瓷的致密化过程及显微结构的影响. 分析结果表明, 1250℃以及0.05wt%分别是最佳的烧结温度和烧结助剂含量; 在此条件下获得的亚微米晶氧化铝陶瓷, 其相对密度达到99.8%TD(theoretical density),平均晶粒尺寸约0.68μm,显微硬度(HV5)达到20.75GPa,在3～5μm中红外范围内直线透过率超过83%. 当MgO掺杂量超过0.1wt%时, 第二相MgAl₂O₄形成, 引起光散射, 降低红外透过率.     

Mg_xZn_(1-x)O:Al靶材制备工艺和Mg掺杂对微观结构的影响研究

以纳米级的ZnO、MgO和Al2O3粉体为原料,经过湿式球磨得到了混合粉体,采用常压固相烧结的方法制备了高致密度MgXZn1-XO:Al陶瓷靶材,研究了预烧粉体、Mg掺杂量和烧结温度对靶材微观结构和性能的影响.研究表明,预烧粉体可以减少第二相的生成;随着Mg掺杂量的增加,MgO立方相逐渐增多,在x=0.3时产生了相分离;在1100～1300℃内,随着烧结温度的升高,靶材的晶粒大小和密度逐渐增大,增大趋势在1300℃后变缓,1300℃烧结4h可以制得结构均匀、高致密度的MgxZn1-xO:Al靶材.     

多晶铈掺杂硅酸镥闪烁陶瓷的制备和发光性能

本工作对铈离子掺杂多晶硅酸镥(LSO:Ce)闪烁材料的制备方法进行了系统研究。将LSO:Ce前驱体溶胶喷雾干燥后得到了球形LSO:Ce前驱粉体, 该前驱粉体在1000℃和1100℃的温度下煅烧后分别得到了不同晶型的的单相LSO : Ce球形粉体。显微结构观察显示: 粉体颗粒的平均直径约为2 µm, 是由几十纳米大小的LSO:Ce纳米晶粒堆积而成。A型球形LSO:Ce粉体经1200℃/80MPa的放电等离子体烧结(SPS)后获得了平均晶粒尺寸为1.3 µm, 相对密度高达99.7%的LSO:Ce闪烁陶瓷。由A型球形LSO:Ce粉体压制的素坯在1650℃的空气气氛下烧结4 h后可获得相对密度达98.6%, 平均晶粒尺寸为1.6 μm的LSO:Ce陶瓷。该陶瓷经1650℃/150 MPa的热等静压(HIP)处理1 h后, 获得了相对密度为99.9%的半透明LSO:Ce闪烁陶瓷, 其平均晶粒尺寸为1.7 μm, 晶界干净。该LSO:Ce陶瓷的光产额可达28600 photons/MeV, 发光衰减时间为25 ns。     

以碳酸氢铵为沉淀剂制备纳米钇铝石榴石粉体

以碳酸氢铵为沉淀剂,硝酸盐为原料,采用沉淀法,通过仔细控制沉淀过程的工艺参数,得到了煅烧后可直接生成纯相YAG的前驱体沉淀物,前驱体经过900℃煅烧即可获得纳米YAG粉体.BET,TEM和XRD的测试结果表明纳米YAG粉体的晶粒尺寸为67～175nm,晶粒形态为球形,分散性良好.粉体达到完全致密化的最低烧结温度为1450℃.所获得的粉体经过1700℃真空烧结3h,烧结体具有一定的透明度.研究表明,这种纳米YAG粉体所具有的良好烧结活性与粉体的纳米晶粒尺寸,球形晶粒形态及极佳的分散性有关.     

晶粒可控钛酸钡致密陶瓷的制备及表征

采用超重力反应沉淀法制备的纳米钛酸钡粉体和常规陶瓷工艺,通过控制烧结温度在 1200 ~1300℃,分别制备了晶粒尺寸 0.45~2.2μm的致密陶瓷。实验结果表明超重力反应沉淀法制备的粉体具有良好的烧结和介电性能。烧结温度为 1200℃时,相对密度即可达到95%,晶粒尺寸为 0.45μm,随烧结温度的升高,晶粒逐渐长大,未出现晶粒的异常长大现象,到1300℃相对密度和晶粒尺寸分别达到 97.7%和2.2μm。钛酸钡陶瓷介电性能有明显的粒度效应,晶粒在1.2μm左右时,室温介电常数达到最大(4143)。由于晶粒内部立方相成分的出现,包含更细晶粒的陶瓷(d=0.45μm)呈现低的介电常数。     

Ba0.65Sr0.35TiO3陶瓷材料的制备及介电特性研究

采用溶胶-凝胶工艺制备了Ba_0.65Sr_0.35TiO₃粉体,并利用微波烧结技术对粉体进行了合成和烧结,研究分析了样品的介电特性,并与传统制备工艺获得的样品进行了性能比较.实验结果表明,获得的Ba_0.65Sr_0.35TiO₃粉体颗粒较细,其合成温度和烧结成瓷温度都较传统工艺有大幅度降低,分别为900和1310℃;可以获得晶粒尺寸在1μm以内的陶瓷;随晶粒的减小,材料的相对介电常数变化不大,而介电损耗大大降低.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.