掺钽TiO2薄膜的生物活性研究

采用射频磁控溅射技术在表面纳米化316L不锈钢基体上制备掺钽TiO2薄膜,研究了不同掺钽量对表面纳米化316L不锈钢基TiO2薄膜形貌、结构、亲水性和生物活性的影响规律。结果表明掺杂适量的钽能够细化TiO2薄膜颗粒;掺钽能够改善TiO2薄膜的亲水性和生物活性;含钽36%的TiO2薄膜表面自由能比未掺杂时提高了30.1mN/m,在SBF溶液中能促进羟基磷灰石在其表面晶化。     

成膜基材对含氟丙烯酸酯/聚氨酯复合乳液自组织梯度化结构的影响EI北大核心CSCD

采用细乳液法制备含氟丙烯酸酯/聚氨酯复合乳液FPAPU,研究4种不同表面性能的成膜基材(铝板、不锈钢板、PTFE板、玻璃板)对FPAPU乳胶膜中含氟组分自组织梯度化分布结构的影响。结果表明:在铝板和不锈钢板上成膜其梯度化结构不明显;而在PTFE和玻璃板基材上成膜后,存在一定梯度化结构。特别是在玻璃板上成膜,含氟组分含量从膜-基材(F-S)面向膜-空气(F-A)面梯度化增加,膜两面差异性明显,其表面自由能差异达到11.71 mN/m,从F-S面到F-A面形成明显分层结构,F-A面粗糙度较大,水和油(二碘甲烷)在其上的接触角可达到121.6°及90.6°,具备优异的疏水疏油性。     

Adhesion and vacuum forming properties of tin-zinc thin films deposited on polyester film substrate

Sn-Zn alloy thin films were deposited on a polyester (PET) film substrate by co-evaporation and evaluated their surface, tensile and adhesion properties with a vacuum forming test and pull test.Relationship between the surface roughness and elemental composition of these thin films was evaluated. The surface roughness decreased with increase of the Sn content.The tensile property was estimated by observations of micro-cracks of the thin films due to a vacuum forming test. Sn-Zn alloy thin film, whose elemental composition is 85:15 (wt%), had high vacuum forming durability.The adhesion strength between the Sn-Zn alloy thin films and PET substrate was measured with a pull test apparatus. The pull strength decreased with increase of the Sn content.     

The Influence of High Pressure Treatment and Thermal Pasteurization on the Surface of Polymeric Packaging Films

Several common single layer films (PE‐HD, PE‐LD, PP‐BO, PA6‐BO and PET‐BO) and multilayer (PS/PE, PP‐BO/PEpeel and PET‐BO/PE) films were treated by either high pressure (600 MPa) or temperature (80 °C/90 °C) to simulate a high pressure or thermal pasteurization process. The samples were tested by atomic force microscopy (AFM), profile method and surface energy measurements to obtain information about the influence of the treatments on the surface topography and surface energy of the samples and by differential scanning calorimetry and by tensile testing concerning material properties. As key figures arithmetic surface roughness (by AFM at Pulsed Force Mode and profile method), surface energy by surface energy measurement and adhesion between tip and surface by AFM were extracted. Results indicate an influence of both high‐pressure processing and thermal‐processing on the surface roughness of biaxial oriented polymer films as single layer films. Laminated biaxially oriented polymer films showed no changes regardless of which processing was performed. The surface energy was hardly affected by both of the treatments for any stretched, non‐stretched, single or laminated films.     

类金刚石薄膜的表面性能研究

利用微波-ECR等离子体源全方位离子注入设备,采用PSII与PSII+PECVD工艺在医用316L不锈钢上制备碳改性薄膜.Raman光谱分析表明,薄膜为典型的类金刚石(DLC) 薄膜.静态接触角测量技术研究表明:在酸碱溶液中,DLC薄膜表面价键遭到破坏,稳定性降低.不同工艺制备的DLC薄膜表面能在40mN/m左右,极性分量大于色散分量,呈现出疏水性质.DLC薄膜表面能高低取决于表面碳碳键与粗糙度的变化.     

Adhesive properties of polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film surfaces treated by DC glow discharge plasma

In this study, the adhesive properties of the plasma modified polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film surfaces have been investigated. Hydrophilicity of these polymer film surfaces was studied by contact angle measurements. The surface energy of the polymer films was calculated from contact angle data using Fowkes method. The chemical composition of the polymer films was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to study the changes in surface feature of the polymer surfaces due to plasma treatment. The adhesion strength of the plasma modified film was studied by T-peel strength test. The results showed a considerable improvement in surface wettability even for short exposure times. The AFM and XPS analyses showed changes in surface topography and formation of polar groups on the plasma modified PP and PET surfaces. These changes enhanced the adhesive properties of polymer film surfaces.     

Crystalline structure and morphology of biaxially oriented polypropylene film under the coexistence of organic silica particles and its influence on the adsorption diffusion of polar solvent molecules

In this article, a silica/EVA/PP composite was prepared by melt‐blending nanosilica with polypropylene, and a surface‐modified BOPP film was prepared by using this as raw material. SEM studies have shown the special microscopic morphology of the surface and its cross section. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) characterized and analysed crystallinity, molecular orientation, and grain size in the modified film. Furthermore, the presence of microholes in the modified film was verified by positron annihilation spectroscopy. The results show that compared with the unmodified films, the modified BOPP films have higher crystallinity and smaller grain size. Its dense surface structure and reticular fibre bundle structure make the diffusion coefficient and solubility of ethyl acetate small in the film. The mechanical properties, barrier properties, heat resistance, and ink adhesion of this film have been significantly improved. Modified film can be used as the food packaging film which has high performance and low residue.     

Bonding and tribological properties of perfluorinated lubricantsand hydrogenated amorphous carbon films

Molecular properties of perfluorinated lubricants and amorphous carbon films relevant to the tribological performance of hard disk drives have been measured. The bonding of water and model perfluorinated lubricants to amorphous carbon surfaces has been studied by thermal desorption spectroscopy. Binding energies consistent with a physisorbed state are found for each of these small molecules. Binding energies are found to increase with increasing molecular weight and polarity of the adsorbate as well as increasing surface free energy of the carbon film. Adhesion forces and coefficients of friction have been measured with atomic force microscopy at hydrogenated amorphous carbon surfaces as a function of hydrogen content. An increase in both adhesion and friction forces is observed with increasing hydrogen contents and is attributed to changes in the surface free energy of the carbon films     

The mechanism of adhesion and printability of plasma processed PET films

Of the several techniques available for the surface modification, plasma processing has proved to be very appropriate. The low temperature plasma is a soft radiation source and it affects the material only over a few hundred Å deep, the bulk properties remaining unaffected. Plasma surface treatment also offers the advantage of greater chemical flexibility. PET films are widely used for packaging and electrical insulation. The studies of adhesion and printability properties are important. In the present study PET films are treated in air plasma for different time of treatment. The improvement in adhesion is studied by measuring T-peel and Lap shear strength. In addition, printability of plasma treated PET films is studied by cross test method. It has been found that printability increases considerably for plasma treatment of short duration. Therefore it is interesting to study the surface composition and morphology by contact angle measurement, ESCA and AFM. Surface energy and surface roughness can be directly correlated to the improvement in above-mentioned surface related properties. It has been found that the surface oxidation occurs containing polar functional groups such as C-O, COO. A correlation of all such observations from different techniques gives a comprehensive picture of the structure and surface composition of plasma treated PET films.     

Effects of sputtering power on mechanical properties of Cr films deposited by magnetron sputtering

Abstract

Chromium (Cr) films were deposited on plain carbon steel sheets by dc and rf magnetron sputtering as well as by electroplating. Effects of dc or rf sputtering power on the deposition rate and properties such as, hardness, adhesion strength, surface roughness and corrosion resistance of the Cr films were investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microcopy (SEM) analyses were performed to investigate the crystal structure, surface roughness, thickness of the Cr films. Salt fog tests were used to evaluate the corrosion resistance of the samples. The deposition rate, hardness and surface roughness of the Cr film deposited by either dc or rf sputtering increase with the increase in sputtering power but the adhesion strength is nearly independent of the sputtering power. The deposition rate, hardness and adhesion strength of the Cr film deposited by dc sputtering are higher than those of the Cr film deposited by rf sputtering, but rf sputtering offers smoother surface and higher corrosion resistance. The sputter deposited Cr film is harder and has a smoother surface than the electroplated one. The sputter deposited Cr film also has higher corrosion resistance than the electroplated one, which may be attributed to the smoother surface of the sputter deposited film.     

Niederenergie-IBAD: Zusammenhang zwischen Prozeßparametern und Schichteigenschaften bei ionenstrahlunterstützten Aufdampf-und Sputtertechniken

Low energy IBAD: correlation between process parameters ans film properties for ion beam assisted evaporation and sputter deposition Binary nitride films with Al, Cr and Ti as metal components have been deposited with ion beam assisted evaporation and sputtering (IBAD) and the film properties are investigated in terms of the individual deposition parameters. In the case of ion beam assisted evaporation the flux ratio between the film forming metal atoms and the nitrogen ions from the ion source was shown to enable a quantitative control of the composition and the chemical phases of the films. Detailed studies for TiN reveal the possibilities to manipulate texture and stress, the average grain size and the morphology of the films. Such results are discussed with an extended structure zone model, introducing the energy input per film forming particle as the relevant parameter. Also, the structural film properties and the deposition parameters are quantitatively correlated with the hardness and the beginning of TiN deposition on stainless steel resulted in distinctly improved adhesion properties. For the deposition of TiN with a dual ion beam arrangement in which one beam bundle was directed onto a Ti-target and an other onto the substrate with the growing film, a strong influence of the particle energies and the incidence angles on the film texture and its directional orientation was found. Such effects are quantitatively related to the minimization of the free energy of the films and the influence of preferential re-sputtering effects. For ion beam sputter deposition without simultaneous ion bombardment of the growing film, the texture and the film stress are found to be controlled by energetic particles resulting from elastic backscattering at the target surface.     

Whey protein isolate coating on LDPE film as a novel oxygen barrier in the composite structure

To examine the feasibility of whey protein isolate (WPI) coating as an alternative oxygen barrier for food packaging, heat‐denatured aqueous solutions of WPI with various levels of glycerol as a plasticizer were applied on corona‐discharge‐treated low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) films. The resulting WPI‐coated LDPE films showed good appearance, flexibility and adhesion between the coating and the base film, when an appropriate amount of plasticizer was added to the coating formulations. WPI‐coated LDPE films showed significant decrease in oxygen permeability (OP) at low to intermediate relative humidity, with an Arrhenius behaviour and an activation energy of 50.26 kJ/mol. The OP of the coated films increased significantly with increasing relative humidity, showing an exponential function. Although the coated films showed a tendency to have less oxygen barrier and more glossy surfaces with increasing plasticizer content, differences in the OP and gloss values were not significant. Haze index and colour of the coated films were also little influenced by WPI coating and plasticizer content. The results suggest that whey protein isolate coating could work successfully as an oxygen barrier and have potential for replacing synthetic plastic oxygen‐barrier layers in many laminated food packaging structures. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

掺碳TiB2薄膜/钢摩擦副的干摩擦磨损性能

采用室温磁控溅射技术成功地在钢(Cr12MoV)基材表面制备出TiB2/SiC双层薄膜及掺碳TiB2(TiB2-C)/SiC双层薄膜,SiC薄膜为中间层。研究了掺碳对TiB2薄膜组织结构和摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明:SiC薄膜与基材和TiB2,TiB2-C薄膜间都具有明显且呈梯度的元素扩散;掺入的C以sp3C-C和sp2C-C形式存在,即以类金刚石形式存在;与钢球(直径为4 mm)对摩、干摩擦条件下,TiB2薄膜和TiB2-C薄膜的磨损速率在105mm3/(m.N)级,掺C明显降低了薄膜的摩擦系数(从0.82降低到0.45,5 min)和对对摩件(钢)的元素转移。分析表明,摩擦磨损性能的提高主要是TiB2-C薄膜中的C起到了固体润滑作用所致。     

Desolvation-Triggered Versatile Transfer-Printing of Pure BN Films with Thermal–Optical Dual Functionality

Although hexagonal boron nitride (BN) nanostructures have recently received significant attention due to their unique physical and chemical properties, their applications have been limited by a lack of processability and poor film quality. In this study, a versatile method to transfer-print high-quality BN films composed of densely stacked BN nanosheets based on a desolvation-induced adhesion switching (DIAS) mechanism is developed. It is shown that edge functionalization of BN sheets and rational selection of membrane surface energy combined with systematic control of solvation and desolvation status enable extensive tunability of interfacial interactions at BN–BN, BN–membrane, and BN–substrate boundaries. Therefore, without incorporating any additives in the BN film and applying any surface treatment on target substrates, DIAS achieves a near 100% transfer yield of pure BN films on diverse substrates, including substrates containing significant surface irregularities. The printed BNs demonstrate high optical transparency (>90%) and excellent thermal conductivity (>167 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹) for few-micrometer-thick films due to their dense and well-ordered microstructures. In addition to outstanding heat dissipation capability, substantial optical enhancement effects are confirmed for light-emitting, photoluminescent, and photovoltaic devices, demonstrating their remarkable promise for next-generation optoelectronic device platforms.     

Steel Packages 10 Years After Being Disposed as Litter in a Tropical Environment

A study considering Brazilian environmental conditions was carried out aiming to obtaining the development of data on the metal packaging performance when discarded in different natural conditions instead of an adequate disposal. The behaviour of steel packages in four local tropical environments during the time of 10 years was studied: on the ground at an industrial site, on the seashore, buried in the ground and immersed in a riverbed. Four different kinds of steel cans were used (plain powdered milk and soybean oil three piece tinplate cans and lacquered soft drink DWI tinplate can and tomato sauce tinplate three‐piece cans). Alternative packages containing the same products—PET bottles for soybean oil, DWI aluminium cans for soft drinks, laminated plastic bags for powdered milk and carton‐based multilayer packaging for tomato sauce—were used as control. Annually, samples of all packages were removed from the studied sites and visually analysed. Powdered milk and soybean oil cans were completely degraded in the industrial and marine environments between 6 and 7 years. Tomato sauce can sample was totally degraded between 7 and 8 years in the industrial environment. However, although some important surface damage was observed, none of the studied types of steel cans was completely degraded in both conditions: buried in the ground and immersed in a riverbed during the 10 years of study. Alternative packaging showed smaller alteration than steel cans in the studied period and conditions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Research on Surface Treatment of Magnesium Alloy and Its Wettability with Resin

After phosphatising disposal, the micro-morphology of the AZ31B sheet was observed. The contact angle of the sheet was measured. The surface energy of the sheet was calculated. The laminated sheet was prepared, with preliminary study of its performance. Results showed that the amount and grain size of phosphate were influenced by the phosphating process, as well as wettability of materials. After 30°C/5 min phosphating, a dense phosphating film consisting of zinc phosphate was obtained, and the advancing contact angle of magnesium alloy was 58.3°. Compared with 31.5?mN m^?1 of the raw magnesium alloy sheet, the surface energy of the sheet after phosphating reached 90?mN m^?1. The laminated sheet of fibre/resin–phosphated magnesium alloy–fibre/resin has good bonding interface, corrosion resistance and mechanical properties.     

Preparation and characterization of calix[6]arene Langmuir-Blodgett thin film

Calix[6]arene monolayer/multilayer was prepared on a glass substrate and the behavior of monolayer properties investigated at the air-water interface by taking Langmuir isotherm graph. UV-visible, wettability measurements, atomic force microscopy and quartz crystal microbalance measurements were used to monitor the deposition quality of this Langmuir-Blodgett film. Our results showed that a uniform and high quality film with a transfer ratio of approximately 0.99 occurred using the calix[6]arene material at a deposition pressure of 21 mN/m. The surface free energy was determined to be 25.86 mN/m based on contact angle measurements.     

溅射-氟碳高分子膜在空气中的结构和表面自由能变化

通过磁控溅射在PET织物上沉积用于新型防水透湿织物的氟碳高分子膜。为了解其在空气中的氧化机理和控制其结构及憎水性的变化，利用光电子能谱（XPS）和接触角测定仪对溅射氟碳膜的时间效应进行了研究。发现由于不饱和键及自由基的存在，随着放置时间的增加及氧化作用的进行，氧／碳比值逐渐增大。部分双键及自由基被氧化导致原－CF－，－C－CF，－C－和带有悬垂键的组分中产生－C＝O，－C－D－并产生断键，从而使其氟含量减少，碳的相对比例增加。上述结构变化导致随放置时间增加膜表面自由能极性分量增加而膜的憎水性降低。     

Polyester/aluminium adhesion: improvement by heat treatments

Because of its industrial importance, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) has been the subject of numerous studies concerning surface modifications in order to improve its bonding ability. Most of the previously reported surface treatments performed before the metallization provide good dry adhesion of vapour deposited metallic layers. However, food packaging applications also require good wet adhesion and strong oxygen barrier properties. Heat treatments have been found to improve these properties. Hence, the aim of this study was to isolate an efficient heat treatment for the metallized PET films suitable for industrial application. The adhesive performance of aluminized polyester films has been assessed by use of an ultrasonic vibration test. This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

高阻隔AZO包装薄膜制备与性能研究

为满足类似饮料、果汁、啤酒及熟制即食食品的保鲜、保质需求,制备对O2,CO2和水蒸汽等有高阻隔性的包装材料,采用靶材Zn与Al质量比为1:19,在普通PET薄膜表面制备具有高阻隔性能的包装薄膜.通过XRO衍射,对薄膜的结构和形貌进行了表征.采用透氧测湿测试仪器对不同工艺参数进行研究分析,结果表明,制备的AZO薄膜晶体结构择优取向性好、结晶度高,ZnO的离化式C轴方向拉伸力会引起衍射峰呈C轴择优取向,在适宜的工艺条件下,可制备得高阻隔性的包装薄膜.