HFETR辐照孔道中子特性研究

采用蒙特卡洛(MCNP)程序对辐照孔道中子特性进行研究,包括各辐照孔道E1.0 Me V时的中子注量率(φE1.0 Me Vf(29))与E0.625 e V时的中子注量率(φE0.625 e Vf(29))的比值k,辐照孔道阳面、阴面样品中子注量率比值,辐照孔道样品最佳布置高度。研究结果表明:高通量工程试验堆(HFETR)辐照孔道k值随轴向和径向变化不同,但平均变化程度一致;9#孔道阳面、阴面材料快中子注量率比值达1.43,而G7、K11孔道阳面、阴面材料快中子注量率比值相对较小,分别为1.21和1.18。综合考虑,对于P15孔道,辐照试验段样品布置区的高度可达500 mm;对于9#孔道,样品布置高度可适当增至600 mm。     

西安脉冲堆热柱孔道中子束流参数测量

采用飞行时间法测量了西安脉冲堆热柱孔道热中子束流中子能谱分布,能谱测量结果较Thermal Maxwellian理论谱偏软,中子谱平均能量为0.042±0.01eV.采用金箔活化法测得热柱孔道出口前端热中子注量率为1.18×105 cm-2·s-1,热中子注量率测量的不确定度为3%.     

能谱变化对活化法中子注量测量的影响

在反应堆中子注量测量中，活化探测器可能会经历多个燃料循环的中子辐照，不同燃料循环的中子能谱也会发生变化。考虑到中子能谱变化的影响，对某批次国产反应堆压力容器辐照材料进行中子注量测量修正。计算结果表明，探测器权重快中子注量率（E＞1.0 MeV）修正后比理论中子注量率（E＞1.0 MeV）高1.75%；与修正前相比降低了3.73%，中子能谱变化的影响不容忽视。      

MJTR硅单晶辐照技术改进研究

为了具备8 inch（1 inch=2.54 cm）硅单晶辐照生产能力，同时进一步提高硅单晶辐照质量，对岷江试验堆（MJTR）硅单晶辐照技术进行改进研究。通过在辐照孔道增加中子屏布置改善硅单晶辐照的不均匀性，在辐照孔道外增加反射层布置提高辐照孔道热中子注量率，满足了8inch硅单晶辐照要求；同时对硅单晶辐照操作工艺进行优化设计，并对半自动辐照控制工艺进行了设计改进。硅单晶辐照技术改进后，每罐硅操作时间缩短了一半左右，辐照罐数可增加2%，辐照生产效率提升显著。      

半导体夹心谱仪测量裂变中子能谱的不确定度

本文通过对中子能谱的不确定度的阐释,明确提出了中子能谱的不确定度应理解为能区份额或某一能量范围内中子注量(率)的不确定度。以6 Li夹心半导体中子谱仪测量CFBR-Ⅱ堆泄漏中子谱为例,对3个典型能区的中子注量率谱的不确定度进行了分析。当全谱中子注量率为3.00×107 cm-2·s-1时,0~20keV能区内的中子注量率为5.70+2.38-0.33×105 cm-2·s-1(不确定度中的包含因子k=1),0.59~0.61MeV能区内的中子注量率为(4.32±0.87)×105 cm-2·s-1(k=1),4.99~5.01MeV能区内的中子注量率为0.094+0.028-0.022×105 cm-2·s-1(k=1)。     

高通量工程试验堆压力容器焊缝快中子注量计算

用MCNP4C程序分别计算了高通量工程试验堆(HFETR)首炉13#电离室和L12元件、第53-Ⅰ炉13#电离室和7#电离室、第68-Ⅱ炉12#电离室和1QS的快中子注量率并与实验测量值比较,计算结果是可靠的.通过选择不同类型的堆芯布置,计算了到2004年底HFETR压力容器焊缝所受的快中子注量.截止2004年底,HFETR压力容器焊缝内壁所受到的E≥1MeV、E≥0.1MeV的快中子最大点的注量分别为1.212×1017cm-2和2.514×1017cm-2,远小于设计值.     

HFETR裂变中子转换器设计

为提高高通量工程试验堆(HFETR)局部快中子注量率,裂变中子转换器采用以含7%Mo的高裂变密度UMo合金作为燃料芯体的十字形燃料棒。转换器内62根燃料棒以三角点阵布置于63 mm外套管和24 mm内套管间,中心区域为20 mm的辐照孔道。采用蒙特卡罗计算表明,该转换器内辐照样品的快中子（E>1 MeV）注量率可达3.34×10¹⁴cm^-2•s^-1,较堆芯相同位置不放置转换器时高约40%。在HFETR设计流速和压力下,利用ANSYS/CFX程序分析得到,转换器最大允许功率可达2.4 MW,燃料棒芯体最大功率密度为8.007 kW/cm³。此时,燃料棒包壳温度为193.6 ℃,能满足HFETR的热工要求,不会产生流动不稳定。     

高通量工程试验反应堆

我国高通量工程试验反应堆(HFETR)是一座压壳型反应堆,它采用高浓铀套管元件,水作慢化剂和冷却剂,铍作反射层,热功率125兆瓦,燃料内最太热中子通量6.2×10~(14)中子/厘米~2·秒。该堆已于1980年12月16日高功率运行。     

岷江试验堆核探测器布置的改进

岷江堆(MJTR)仪表控制系统用的核探测器．因距离堆芯较近．受较强的中子照射和^y辐射而使其使用寿命缩短;另外．随着堆内辐照孔道的孔径扩张、中心位置的变更及辐照样品体积的增大．使探测器处的中子信号受样品进出堆的干扰变大．对反应堆的安全运行造成不利影响。为了解决上述问题,对MJTR核探测器的布置进行了改进：本文介绍了在改进设计中．采取的措施以及设计的原则、方法和结果。改造完成后的各项调试结果表明．重新设计的探测器孔道布置和功能分配合理．完全满足设计要求。     

核电厂压力容器材料在49-2反应堆的辐照技术研究

应用MCNP程序对堆芯建模,计算得出辐照孔道内距堆心底部高25 cm处的中子能谱,结合多箔活化法测量结果,通过SANDII程序解谱得出该位置的快中子注量率;通过相对快中子注量率测量,获得孔道内轴向快中子注量率分布,从而确定辐照时长和辐照方案,使样品辐照达到快中子(E≥1 Me V)注量~6×1019cm-2的技术指标。为完成辐照样品解体,应用ORIGEN2程序计算,获得待解体样品源项;使用MCNP程序对解体时的操作环境进行建模,计算得出不同屏蔽层厚度的γ剂量率数据;与实测结果进行对比,计算结果与实测结果符合较好,证明屏蔽设计有效。本次辐照考验完全满足技术指标。。     

Identification of radiation treatment of wheat （Triticum aestivum. L）and rice （Oryza sativa. L） samples using thermoluminescence of contaminating minerals

Food irradiation is gaining popularity worldwide and this technology is important to improve quality and reduce the post harvest losses of food. Because of the rapid commercialization of irradiated foods throughout the world, compliance of different regulations relating to use of technology in different countries and demand of consumers for clear labelling of irradiated foods, there is need for the development of analytical methods to detect radiation treatment of food. Among several methods studied so far, thermoluminescence （TL） is an important method that can be used to find out the irradiation history of food that contain even a very minute amount of dust particles. In this study, the irradiated and unirradiated wheat and rice samples were analyzed using the TL method. The samples were purchased from the local market of Peshawar and irradiated to radiation doses of 0.5 and 1.0 kGy using Co-60 gamma irradiator at the Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture （NIFA）, Peshawar. The mineral contaminants were isolated by jet water, ultrasonic treatment, and density gradient. TL glow curves of the isolated minerals from irradiated and unirradiated samples were recorded between the temperature ranges of 50-500℃ using a TL reader. Generally, the glow curves for irradiated samples showed much higher TL intensities （TL1） than the unirradiated samples. The results were normalized by rerradiation of mineral samples to gamma-ray dose of 1.0 kGy followed by determination of the second glow curves （TL2）. The ratio of the area of first glow curve to that of second glow curve （TL1/TL2） was calculated for selected temperature intervals and compared with the recommended values for unirradiated and irradiated samples. Finally, the shapes of the glow curves for irradiated and unirradiated samples were also analyzed. On the basis of these results （comparison of TL-intensities, TL1/TL2 ratios and shapes of the glow curves）, all the irradiated and unirradiated samples of wheat and rice were unequivocally identified.     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Gamma radiation levels in the ambient environment of the QNPP Base

Monitoring results of gamma dose rate level in 1992～2004 in the ambient environment of the Qinshan Nuclear Power Plants(QNPP)Base,the northeast of Zhejiang Province,are reported in this paper.It is shown that the gamma dose rate of five monitoring sites of 2.5 km to QNPP Base is 84～113 nGy/h,with an average of 96 nGy/h in the 13 years.The average value is close to the background level of 93 nGy/h prior to operation of the QNPP Base,and is lower than the monitoring result of 101 nGy/h at the reference site in Hangzhou City.Within 50 km from the QNPP Base,the cumulative dose rate of the thermoluminescent dosimeter(TLD)is 90 nGy/h,which is lower than the back- ground level of 111 nGy/h.