Evaluation and Calculation of Activation Cross Sections for ~(158,159)Tb(n,2n), (n,3n), (n,γ) and (n,x) Reactions Below 20 MeV

Introduction ~(159)Tb is a rare-earth element. Its activation cross section is a good indicator for nuclear science and technology applications. However, the evaluated data are very scarce in several nuclear data libraries. The cross section for ~(159)Tb(n,2n)~(158)Tb reaction was one of the Coordinate Research Program of IAEA on activation cross     

Evaluation and Calculation of Activation Cross Sections for ~(151,153)Eu(n,2n), (n,3n), (n,γ) and (n,x) Reactions below 20 MeV

Eu is a rare-earth element. Its activation cross section is important for nuclear science and technology applications. However, there are some discrepancies in several evaluated nuclear data libraries. The cross section for ~(151,153)Eu(n,2n) reactions were one of the Coordinate Research Programs of IAEA on activation cross sections     

Evaluation of Neutron Activation Cross Sections for ~(93)Nb(n,2n)~(92m)Nb and ~(93)Nb(n,n′)~(93m)Nb Reactions from Threshold to 20 MeV

Niobium is a very important structure material in nuclear fusion engineering. The activation cross sections of neutron interaction with ~(93)Nb must be considered for the evaluation of radiation safety, radiation induced material damage. Meanwhile, knowledge of the neutron(n,2n) and (n,n') reactions have been used for the neutron dosimetry. The dosimetry reaction of ~(93)Nb(n,n')~(93m)Nb is characterized by the low threshold energy less than 0.1     

Cross Section Measurement of ~(64)Zn(n,p)~(64)Cu Reaction from 4 to 7 MeV

Introduction In the areas of activation and neutron scattering cross sections, there are still deficiencies in the nuclear database. Activation cross sections were found to be unsatisfactory in 83 of the 183 reactions reviewed. The excitation curve for ~(64)Zn(n,p)~(64)Cu reaction has been measured from threshold to 10 MeV by different authors. All of these measured cross sections are not in very good agreement with each other. To clarify the discrepancy it is necessary to measure the cross sections for ~(64)Zn(n,p)~(64)Cu reaction once again.     

Measurement of Double Differential Cross Sections for ~(39)K(n,α)~(36)Cl Reaction

Introduction ~(39)K(n,α)~(36)Cl reaction data are important in nuclear engineering, nuclear medicine, astrophysics as well as in the study of nuclear mechanism. As we know, experimental data for ~(39)K(n,α)~(36)Cl reaction are scanty and there is no double differential datum. The double differential cross section data of ~(39)K(n,α)~(36)Cl reaction were measured at 4.41±0.26, 5.46±0.21 and 6.52±0.16 MeV using a gridded ionization chamber (GIC).     

Evaluation of the (n,p) Cross Sections for Natural Ni and Its Isotopes ~(58, 60, 61, 62, 64)Ni

Introduction Nickel is a very important structure material in nuclear engineering. The neutron activation cross section of the (n,p) reaction is very important for fusion reactor from the view point of monitoring neutron field in the context of radiation damage, radiation safety, neutron dosimetry, etc. The cross sections ~(58,60,61,62,64)Ni(n,p)~(58,60,61,62,64)Co were evaluated based on measured data and theoretical calculation from threshold to 20 MeV.     

Cross Section Measurements for ~(199)Hg(n,p)~(199)Au,~(198)Hg(n,p)~(198)Au,~(196)Hg(n,p)~(196)Au and ~(196)Hg(n,d np pn)~(195)Au Reactions

Introduction The importance of nuclear data for fusion power reactor design has been acknowledged, in particular for safety, environment reasons and economics. The 14 MeV neutron activation cross sections are the key nuclear data for environmental impact, material recycling, waste handling. Due to the large     

Evaluation and Calculation of Activation Cross Sections for ~(169)Tm(n,2n), (n,3n), (n,γ) and (n,x) Reactions Below 20 MeV

Introduction ~(169)Tm is a rare-earth element. Its activation cross sections are a good indicator for nuclear science and technology applications. However, there are no evaluated data in several nuclear data libraries. The activation cross sections for ~(169)Tm(n,2n), (n,3n), (n,γ) and some emission charged particle (n,x) reactions below 20 MeV were evaluated and calculated on the basis of experimental and theoretical data.     

THE EVALUATION OF COBALT DATA FOR 10~(-5) eV TO 20 MeV NEUTRONS

INTRODUCTION Cobalt is a constituent of structural materials in the nuclear power systems,and also an adequate material for threshold activation detector and fastneutron dosimetry.So the cobalt neutron data are very important.But there arelarge discrepancies between the various reported results for some reactions inthe sixties and seventies.     

Activation Cross Section Measurment for te ~(180)Hf(n,γ)~(181)Hf Reaction

Introduction D. L. Smith and E. T. Cheng have reviewed the contemporary nuclear data needs and status for fusion-reactor technology. Activation cross sections were found to be unsatisfactory in 83 of 153 reaction reviewed. ~(180)Hf(n,γ)~(181)Hf cross sections are also desired for the fusion-reactor technology. Some experimental data for this reaction from 3 kev to 4 MeV are reported in the literatures. This reaction is considered as inadequate for the present in this review. To evaluate these experimental data, it is necessary to re-measure the cross sections for this reaction.     

Evaluation of Cross Sections for Neutron Monitor Reactions ~(54,56,Nat)Fe(n,x)~(51)Cr,~(52,54)Mn

Introduction Iron is a very important structure material in nuclear engineering. Meanwhile, knowledge of the neutron monitor reactions for natural iron and its isotopes has been used for the evaluation of radiation induced material damage, radiation safety, neutron dosimetry, etc..     

Measurement of Cross Section for ~(92)Mo(n,p)~(92m)Nb Reaction and Deduction of Low Energy Neutron

Introduction Molybdenum is an important component of structural material for fission and future fusion reactors. It consists of seven isotopes. Therefore, fast neutrons can lead to many nuclear reactions. One of them is ~(92)Mo(n,p)~(92m)Nb reaction. Several authors published their data for this reaction, while most of the cross section determinations were     

The Calculations of ~(56)Fe(n,x)~(51)Cr,~(52,54,56)Mn Reactions Cross Sections up to 60 MeV

A set of neutron optical potential parameters for ~(56)Fe in energies of 4～100 MeV was obtained by fitting available experimental data. The yield cross sections of the activation isotopes ~(51)Cr, ~(52)Mn, ~(54)Mn, and ~(56)Mn in n ~(56)Fe reaction are calculated and predicted in energy range up to 60 MeV.     

THE MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS OF ~(98)Mo(n,γ) ~(99)Mo REACTION CROSS SECTION

INTRODUCTION Radioactivity in fusion reactors is induced by D-T neutrons and dependon the materials chosen for reactor components.The need for activationcross-sections leading to the production of long-lived(half-life longer thanfive years)radionuclides has become obvious in the recent years because of theworldwide concerns for the production of high level nuclear waste from fusionreactors.These important activation cross section,which still need to be meas-     

Evaluation of Activation Cross Sections for (n,2n) and (n,γ) Reactions on ~(63, 65, Nat)Cu

Copper is a very important structure material in nuclear fusion engineering. The neutron activation cross section are very useful in fusion research and other applications such as radiation safety, environmental, material damage and neutron dosimetry. More efforts are required to identify and resolve the differences and discrepancies in the existing activation cross sections from different laboratories. The natural copper consists of two stable isotopes, i.e. ~(63)Cu, ~(65)Cu. The reaction Q-Values and abundances are listed in Table 1.     

Measurement of Double Differential Cross Sections for ~(40)Ca(n,α)~(37)Ar Reaction at 5.0 and 6.0 MeV

Introduction Calcium is one of the most important structural materials. The abundance of ~(40)Ca in natural calcium is 96.94%, so ~(40)Ca(n,α) data are very important in nuclear engineering. As we know, experimental data for ~(40)Ca(n,α) reaction are scarce and there are large differences among them. Although ~(40)Ca is a double magic nucleus, theoretical calculation of ~(40)Ca(n,α) data is difficult to fit experimental ones. Reliable data are needed for the study of reaction mechanism.     

COMMUNICATION OF NUCLEAR DATA PROGRESS No.18(1997)

This is the 18th issue of Communication of Nuclear Data Progress(CNDP), in which the achievements of nuclear data field for the last year in P. R. China are carried. It includes the measurements of angular distributions and energy spectra for ~(58)Ni (n, p)~(58)Co reaction at 4.1 MeV, and activation cross     

Excitation Functions of Reactions from d Ti, d Mo, p Ti and p Mo

Introduction The excitation functions tbr the reactions induced by proton or deuteron beam are very important for the evaluation of nuclear reaction, which is quite useful in nuclear technology applications. Some of them can be used to derive the thick-target yield, and this characteristic is significant for medicine isotope production.     

Activation Cross Section Measurement of ~(64)Zn(n,γ)~(65)Zn Reaction from 156 to 1150 keV

The neutron capture cross sections are important not only for the studies of nuclear reaction mechanism and astrophysics but also for the nuclear technology application. ~(64)Zn(n,γ)~(65)Zn cross sections are desired for the design of fusion reactor. Up to now, there are a few data for this reaction, but mostly for thermal and fission spectrum neutrons. At the higher neutron energies, no such measurements of ~(64)Zn(n,γ)~(65)Zn activation cross section have been reported.     

Indirect Measurement of Astrophysical ~(13)C(α,n)~(16)O S-Factors

The 13C(α,n)16O reaction is believed to be the main neutron source reaction for the s-process in asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars. The astrophysical S-factors of this reaction have been determined based on an evaluation of the α spectroscopic factor of the 1/2+ subthreshold state in 17O (Ex=6.356 MeV) by using the 13C(11B,7Li)17O α transfer reaction. Our result confirms that the 1/2+ subthreshold resonance is dominant for the 13C(α,n)16O reaction at low energies of astrophysical interest.