透明质酸水凝胶的制备与评价

透明质酸(HA)被广泛地用于生物医药领域。以1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨丙基)-碳化二亚胺/N-羟基丁二酰亚胺(EDC/NHS)催化HA与己二酸二酰肼(ADH)反应,制备化学交联的HA水凝胶。通过扫描电镜和红外光谱来测定HA与HA水凝胶的结构,测量HA水凝胶在模拟胃肠液中的溶胀率,并以牛血清白蛋白(BSA)为模型药物,初步探讨了HA水凝胶体系的释药行为。实验结果显示:HA水凝胶由酰胺键生成三维网络结构且网络孔径较大,具有较好的吸水性能。该水凝胶制备过程简单,反应迅速,条件温和,属酸敏突释释药体系。     

Noncovalent Modification of Nanodiamonds with Tritium-Labeled Pantothenic Acid Derivatives

The efficiency of tritium labeling of salts of pantothenic (HO–R–COOH), hopantenic (HO–R–CH₂–COOH), and 4-D-phosphopantothenic [(HO)₂P(=O)–O–R–COOH] acids [R = CH₂C(CH₃)₂CHOH–CONH(CH₂)₂] with thermal activation of tritium at target temperatures of 77 and 295 K was studied. The phosphate group inhibits the isotope exchange. The tritium-labeled compounds were used for studying the adsorption of pantothenic acid derivatives from aqueous solutions and in the presence of 0.9% NaCl at 297 ± 3 K onto nanodiamonds prepared by detonation synthesis (NDs). Preparation of stable ND suspensions in advance enhances the ability of NDs to adsorb the compounds studied. The parameters of the equation describing the sorption isotherms at different ionic strengths of the solution were calculated. The strength of the adsorbate retention in contact with water, 0.9% NaCl solution, 0.01 M HCl solution, and 40 g L^?1 bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution was determined. The data obtained allow two mechanisms of the adsorbate retention on the ND surface to be considered: reversible adsorption due to ionic interactions and irreversible binding due to hydrophobic interactions. The strongly bound molecules undergo slow desorption in the presence of BSA. The revealed trends confirm high potential of NDs as a drug delivery platform.

     

壳聚糖透明质酸复合水凝胶的制备及性能

用零长度的1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC·HCl)和N-羟基丁二酰亚胺(NHS)作为偶联剂和稳定剂制备了壳聚糖基透明质酸复合水凝胶,探讨了溶液pH值对该类水凝胶溶胀性的影响。溶液的pH在4.0时,该类水凝胶的溶胀率最低,升高和降低溶液的pH,该类水凝胶的溶胀率均升高,文中还对水凝胶的降解率进行了研究,实验发现,交联后的水凝胶具有一定的稳定性。包埋在此水凝胶中的牛血清蛋白(BSA)释放随载药介质pH值的变化而显著不同,pH 7.4条件下载药的水凝胶释药率大于pH 1.2条件下的释药率。因此,具有pH敏感性的壳聚糖透明质酸复合水凝胶在药物运输领域具有潜在的应用。     

基于交联透明质酸的微针制备及性能

新型水凝胶微针具有安全包裹多相药物、药物持续、可控释放等优点,在微针透皮给药领域极具应用潜力.文中重点研究了交联透明质酸微针贴片的优化工艺,并对微针贴片进行了性能评价.在碱性条件下使用1,4-丁二醇二缩水甘油醚(BDDE)为交联剂对透明质酸进行交联,利用微浇注法制备交联透明质酸微针(cHA-MN),并优化其工艺.对所制...     

Monitoring a Flow of “Hot” Tritium Atoms in the Course of Thermal Activation

The possibility of measuring a flow of reactive tritium atoms falling on a target during thermal activation using polyethylene (PE) films was studied. Procedures were developed for pretreatment of PE films before experiment, their subsequent treatment, and radioactivity measurements. The distribution of the flow of tritium atoms in a common reactor as influenced by various modes of atomizer arrangement and different experimental conditions was studied with PE films. The rate of formation of the labeled compound was maximal when the product of the tritium pressure in the system (Pa) by the distance from the atomizer to the target (cm) was 2.     

磷酸活化碱木质素制备活性炭

以造纸黑液回收的碱木质素为前驱体,经磷酸活化制备低成本的木质素活性炭,对活性炭进行比表面积、孔结构及形貌的表征;考察活化温度、磷酸与碱木质素浸渍比、活化时间以及N2流量对活性炭产率及孔结构的影响。结果表明:磷酸活化碱木质素制备活性炭的产率都大于60%;在活化温度为550℃,磷酸与木质素浸渍比为1.5,活化时间3 h以及N2体积流量为75 m L/min时,活性炭比表面积达到1 139 m2/g;低成本的碱木质素是制备低成本活性炭的潜在的前驱体材料。     

原子力显微镜对透明质酸分形结构的研究

利用原子力显微镜研究了浓度分别为0.01 mg/mL、0.1 mg/mL、1 mg/mL的透明质酸(HA)在云母上的自组装形貌,从中得出透明质酸在云母表面生长聚集形成树枝状分形结构是有浓度限制的结论,并对其生长聚集形成树枝状分形结构的作用机理和生长过程进行了研究。透明质酸的树枝状分形结构具有统计意义上的自相似性,属不规则分形结构,与计算机模拟的DLA模型相一致。研究透明质酸的分形结构为研究透明质酸各种存在状态与其生物功能之间的关系提供了有益的帮助。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备负载型钨硅酸催化剂

对用溶胶-凝胶法制备的HSiW-SiO2催化剂,首先由红外光谱和紫外漫反射光谱发现钨硅酸Keggin结构中4种特征的氧键依然存在,从而证明制备的HSiW-SiO2催化剂中,钨硅酸活性中心依然保持Keggin结构.在此基础上对用溶胶-凝胶法制备的HSiW-SiO2和用浸渍法制备的HSiW/SiO2进行了水相中钨硅酸流失率考察,结果表明,HSiW-SiO2催化剂的流失率基本保持在0.94%～1.O7%,而HSiW/SiO2催化剂的流失率为3.27%,两者相差3倍多,从而证明用溶胶-凝胶法制备的负载型钨硅酸催化剂能够更好地防止钨硅酸活性中心在水相反应中的流失.     

硬脂酸法制备纳米ZrO2

以氧氯化锆为原料，采用硬脂酸溶胶工艺制备出了纯氧化锆及钇稳定的氧化锆（YSZ）纳米晶。用傅立叶变换红外光谱（FT－IR）和热重（TG）、差热（DTA）分析仪对反应历程进行了分析，X射线衍射仪（XRD）进行物相分析及粒径计算，透射电镜（TEM）观察粒子形貌。结果表明，该工艺方法简单且制备的纳米晶颗粒均匀，分散性较好。     

磷酸活化甘蔗叶制备活性炭的工艺研究

采用正交试验方法系统研究了活化剂、添加剂、活化温度、活化时间等因素对磷酸活化甘蔗叶制备活性炭的得率、亚甲基蓝吸附值的影响,并利用SEM对样品进行了表征。结果表明,磷酸活化甘蔗叶制备活性炭的最佳工艺为:将甘蔗叶浸泡于6%添加剂1及1%添加剂2、体积浓度为35%的磷酸溶液中,浸泡12h后,在673K条件下活化40min,所制得的活性炭的微观孔结构排列整齐,活性炭的得率和亚甲基蓝吸附值分别为47.05%、202.50mg/g,其中亚甲基蓝吸附值为国家标准GB/T 13803.2-1999活性炭一级品的1.5倍。     

硬脂酸凝胶法制备CeO2纳米粉体

采用硬脂酸凝胶法制备了CeO2纳米晶。XRD分析表明,当焙烧温度为450～900℃时,所合成的CeO2纳米晶均属于单相立方晶系,空间群为O5H-FM3M;计算表明,随焙烧温度的升高,平均晶粒度增大,而平均晶格畸变率则随平均晶粒度的增大而减小,表明粒子越小,晶格畸变越大,晶粒发育越不完整。TEM分析表明,CeO2纳米晶呈球形,粒度随焙烧温度的增加而增大。热失重分析表明,当焙烧温度高于750℃时,CeO2中的杂质基本挥发完毕。相对密度分析表明,随CeO2纳米晶粒度的增大,粉末的密度增加。,CeO2 nanocrystalline particulates of different sizes were prepared by stearic acid gel method.XRD patterns showed that the synthesized CeO2 was cubic in structure with single-phase when calcination temperature was 450-900℃,space group was O5H-FM3M.Calcination revealed that the mean crystalline size increased with the increase of calcinstion temperature,but average crystal lattice distortion rate decreased with the increasing in the average crystalline size.This indicated that the smaller the particle size,the bigger crystal lattice distortion,the worse the crystal growed.TEM photos revealed that CeO2 particles were spherical in shape,and the mean sizes of the C eO2 particles increased with the increase of calcination temperatures.Weight loss analysis indicated that the impurity in CeO2 completely volatilized when calcination temperature was above 750℃.The density of nanocrystalline CeO2 powders analysis showed that the density of CeO2 nanocrystalline powders increased with the increasing in CeO2 particles sizes.     

竹材加工剩余物酸活化法制备竹活性炭与结构表征

利用竹材加工剩余物,如竹蔸、竹节和竹枝,制备竹炭.再以H3PO4为活化剂,在活化温度为700℃时制备竹活性炭,测定了竹活性炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附情况,并进行了结构表征.实验结果表明, H3PO4溶液的质量分数为45%时,制备的竹活性炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附效果最好,而竹蔸、竹节和竹枝活性炭中又以竹蔸活性炭吸附性能最好.在30℃时酸法竹蔸活性炭对亚甲基蓝的最大吸附量达到272.3mg/g.竹枝炭、竹节炭与竹篼炭的孔隙度分别为0.656、0.698和0.740,酸活化后竹枝活性炭、竹节活性炭和竹篼活性炭的孔隙度则分别达到0.690、0.715和0.755.竹篼炭和酸法竹篼活性炭比表面积分别为110.3536m2/g和462.0694m2/g,孔容分别为0.09047cm3/g和0.235291cm3/g,平均孔径分别为31.5517(A)和20.3685(A).红外光谱显示竹炭酸活化后,表面含氧基团增加,非极性基团减少.     

癸酸与棕榈酸低共熔混合物的制备与热特性分析

在实验测得单一物质熔点和熔化潜热的基础上,利用低共熔混合物配比计算公式对癸酸和棕榈酸低共熔混合物的配比、熔点和熔化潜热进行了理论预测,以指导DSC测试,并对低共熔混合物进行了红外光谱试验,以判断是否有新相生成.实验结果表明,癸酸的熔点和熔化潜热分别为29.85℃和150.32J/g,棕榈酸的熔点和熔化潜热分别为62.13℃和210.13J/g.低共熔混合物的理论配比为85.7:14.3(质量比),相变温度为26.74℃,相变潜热为152.74J/g.低共熔混合物的配比为86.1:13.9(质量比),相变温度为25.39℃,相变潜热为153.58J/g,与理论计算结果较吻合.红外光谱试验结果表明,癸酸和棕榈酸混合物中没有新相生成.     

原位添加静态发酵制备透明质酸-细菌纤维素生物面膜

细菌纤维素(Bacterial cellulose,BC)是一种兼具生物相容性与生物可降解性的天然高分子材料,具备优异的理化性质:高持水性、高纤维素纯度以及良好的湿态柔韧性等。静态发酵阶段原位添加透明质酸(Hyaluronic acid,HA)制得HA-BC生物面膜,该面膜呈现"上致密、下疏松"的双层结构,较BC和无纺布面膜更贴合人体皮肤结构;其拉伸强度为(1.00±0.17)MPa,弹性模量为(4.90±0.86)MPa,在一定拉扯力下不易变形,能保有其孔洞结构,抗拉力较无纺布面膜好,保证了使用者体验度;实验所制面膜90°剥离强度为(0.76±0.14)N/m,远高于无纺布面膜,面膜手感更柔软,贴肤度更强;HA-BC生物面膜水蒸气透过率为(5640±78)g·m-2·(24h)-1,较未改性BC面膜减少约2842g·m-2·(24h)-1,较无纺布面膜减少约6468g·m-2·(24h)-1,锁水力更强。HA-BC生物面膜较BC、无纺布面膜性能更为优异。     

利用磁控溅射及热蒸发法制备SnO2纳米线及结构表征

以Sn为原料,采用磁控溅射及热蒸发法制得SnO2纳米线,用扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、能量弥散X射线谱（EDS）、傅氏转换红外线光谱分析（FTIR）、拉曼光谱分析（Raman）等测试手段对纳米结构进行表征,结果表明,合成的二氧化锡纳米结构具有金红石结构,二氧化锡纳米材料的生长机制遵循气一液一固生长机制,生长过程中的温度和退火时间对二氧化锡纳米结构的形貌起着极其重要的作用,可以通过这些因素对二氧化锡纳米材料实行可控生长。     

防氚渗透涂层制备技术的研究进展

在聚变堆研究中,聚变环境中涂层材料的防氚渗透问题是聚变堆材料研究的重要课题之一.主要介绍目前常用的几种防氚渗透涂层制备技术的研究进展,并提出利用双辉技术制备梯度氧化铝涂层在316L不锈钢表面形成Al2O3和SiC复合抗氚渗透层的新技术.     

硬脂酸凝胶法制备纳米A_2O_3粉末及其表征

以硬脂酸、硝酸铝为原料,用硬脂酸凝胶法制备了Al2O3纳米粉末,运用差热-热重(DTA-TG)、傅立叶红外光谱对制备过程进行了表征;用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)和粒度仪对纳米粉末的粒径和形貌进行了表征。结果表明,该工艺方法简单,分散性较好。     

苹果酸络合物沉淀法制备纳米二氧化钛粉体

提出了一种苹果酸络合物沉淀法制备高纯纳米二氧化钛粉体方法。使含有适量表面活性剂的Ti4+与C4H4O52-反应生成苹果酸钛络合物前驱体Ti2O2(OH)2C4H4O5·4H2O,经洗涤、干燥,在900℃下煅烧2h,得到纳米TiO2粉体。经XRD和TEM检测,产物纳米二氧化钛为金红石型结构,平均粒径为40nm。     

Determination of Low Activity of Tritium-Labeled Amino Acids Using Simultaneously Flow Scintillation and Amino Acid Analyzers

The possibility of measuring a low activity of tritium-labeled amino acids in the eluate from Amino Acid Analyzer 835 (Hitachi, Japan) using a Radiomatic 150TR Flow Scintillation Analyzer (Packard Instrument Co., USA) was studied. Due to stepped variations of pH, ionic strength, and salt concentration in eluting solutions during amino acid separation and utilization of ninhydrin reagent in spectrophotometric measurements of amino acids, special selection of scintillation liquids was necessary. Six scintillation cocktails were tested: ZhS-8 (Reakhim, Ukraine), OptiPhase HiSafe 3 (Wallac Oy, EGGgr; Co., Finland), Hionic-Fluor, Ultima-Flo AP, Ultima-Flo M, and Ultima Gold (Packard Instrument Co., USA). It was found that Hionic-Fluor and Ultima-Flo AP cocktails are the most appropriate for flow measurements of tritium activity. Under optimal conditions the detection limit with Hionic-Fluor and Ultima-Flo AP was 150 and 100 decays min^{- 1} in the peak of amino acid, respectively. Such a high sensitivity allows utilization of the above analytical system for measurements of amino acid radioactivity to study the structure of proteins and protein complexes by tritium planigraphy.