空心圆柱斜齿轮正挤压数值模拟研究

针对空心圆柱斜齿轮的几何特点,利用有限元软件Deform-3D对其闭式模锻工艺和空心坯料正挤压工艺进行模拟分析;利用有限元软件模拟在不同凹模入模角下的正挤压成形过程。结果表明:采用正挤压工艺比闭式模锻更合理;当凹模入模角为80°左右时,可得到几何形状满意的齿轮锻件,成形效果最好,适合空心斜齿轮的正挤压。该研究结果对空心圆柱斜齿轮精锻成形工艺的应用有一定的参考价值。     

TA15钛合金大型整框锻造成形数值模拟与实验研究

应用有限元软件DEFORM-3D对TA15钛合金大型整框零件锻造成型过程进行数值模拟分析,确定了合理的坯料形状尺寸,选择了合理的模锻工艺参数,形成了可行的整框模锻件的模锻工艺.对数值模拟结果进行了验证性生产试验.结果表明,采用模拟方法所确定的坯料所生产出的终锻件成形质量良好、工艺可行、模具设计合理,整框锻件产品性能稳定可靠.     

大型筒体翻孔工艺及参数优化的数值模拟

采用DEFORM3D软件对径向尺寸和壁厚分别为4390mm和390mm的大型厚壁筒体翻孔工艺进行了模拟研究。研究表明,该翻孔成形具有弯曲与扩孔的复合变形特点,并通过对5种不同预加工孔径及3种不同孔型下翻孔过程的模拟分析,得出优化的孔径尺寸及孔型为平均直径40mm的反锥型孔。上述结果为该工艺的工程应用奠定了科学基础。     

大型简体翻孔工艺及参数优化的数值模拟

采用DEFORM3D软件对径向尺寸和壁厚分别为4390mm和390mm的大型厚壁筒体翻孔工艺进行了模拟研究。研究表明，该翻孔成形具有弯曲与扩孔的复合变形特点，并通过对5种不同预加工孔径及3种不同孔型下翻孔过程的模拟分析，得出优化的孔径尺寸及孔型为平均直径Ф40mm的反锥型孔。上述结果为该工艺的工程应用奠定了科学基础。     

大型轴类锻件不同高径比坯料漏盘反挤的数值模拟

使用DEFORM有限元模拟软件,建立了漏盘反挤的刚塑性有限元模型;对不同高径比的大型轴类锻件的圆柱体坯料进行漏盘反挤的数值模拟,并研究沉积堆的挤出效果.结果表明,漏盘反挤工艺能基本解决沉积堆的问题.     

300 MW Mn18Cr18N护环模内冲孔工艺试验与数值模拟的研究

本文采用铅材料缩比试验和DEFORM-3D数值模拟对护环模内冲孔新工艺进行探索,通过观察、分析冲孔后制件的形状和表面质量以及模拟过程中的金属流动性,得出锻造护环钢Mn18Cr18N坯料的模内冲孔新工艺。结果表明:坯料圆柱与长方体过渡部分倒角能使制件获得良好的表面质量和形状;坯料镦粗后可改善制件表面局部未充满以及端面有毛刺的缺陷。六方体坯料进行冲孔后能获得质量良好的护环毛坯锻件,为护环冲孔工艺提供一定的理论依据和指导意义。     

变形工艺参数对钛合金框锻件等温成形变形均匀性的影响

基于Deform 3D平台,对钛合金大型框锻件等温成形过程进行了数值模拟,分析研究了变形工艺参数(变形温度、变形速度及摩擦)对变形均匀性的影响。引入变形均匀性参数对变形均匀性进行分析,结果表明:变形工艺参数对TC4钛合金大型框锻件等温成形过程具有显著影响,在锻件成形过程中应适当增加变形温度、降低加载速度和保持良好的润滑条件,以期提高坯料变形的均匀性。     

基于BP-GA的大锻件过渡区宏观成形性能优化

针对铝合金大型锻件局部加载成形工艺下过渡区筋部充填不满的问题,借助于BP神经网络和GA遗传算法与数值模拟技术相结合的策略对锻件的局部加载成形工艺参数进行了研究。以锻件过渡区填充性作为质量评价目标,建立了坯料温度、压力机加载速度、第1道次压下量、进给量与质量指标之间的关系模型,利用遗传算法求解得到了合理的工艺参数:坯料温度为435℃,压力机加载速度为5 mm·s-1,第1道次压下量为18 mm,进给量为1165 mm,并将得到的工艺参数进行再模拟,并应用于生产试制,生产后的锻件筋部过渡区充填完整,对比模拟结果,表明所提出的策略能有效对大型锻件局部加载成形过渡区充填问题进行控制。     

TC4钛合金薄壁高筋构件近等温锻造技术研究

研究了TC4钛合金薄壁高筋构件的近等温模锻工艺,合理设计了锻件的尺寸与模具结构,同时利用有限元模拟软件Deform3D对闭式模锻与开式模锻下的预制坯锻造方案以及不同长度的圆棒锻造方案下锻件的成形过程进行了有限元模拟分析,从而对锻造工艺参数进行合理选取。基于近等温锻造工艺,通过多火次、增量变形的方法成形出了质量良好的TC4钛合金精密模锻件。微观组织分析表明,锻件各区域的微观组织均为既存在等轴初生α相,又存在片状β相的双态组织,且晶粒大小比较均匀。相对于原始坯料,经过近等温锻造的锻件的断裂伸长率略微下降,屈服强度变化不大,而抗拉强度与弹性模量比坯料略微上升,力学性能良好。     

十字头销胎模锻工艺模拟设计

本文通过对深孔凸缘类锻件十字头销的胎模锻成形过程的模拟,分析了该类锻件胎模锻过程的特点,特别对预制坯料凸台部分体积的大小对锻件的成形过程的影响进行了分析,指出了合理分配坯料在锻件胎模锻成形过程中的重要性。经过实际生产验证,证明该胎模锻工艺方案是可行的,制坯过程对坯料的分配原则是正确的。     

Mn18Cr18N护环钢电渣重熔工艺的研究

通过对10t电渣炉电气特性的分析,确定了渣池输入功率最大时的临界电流值。理论分析了供电制度、电极直径、渣系和钢种对电渣重熔钢锭表面质量的影响机理。钢锭侧面凝固前沿位置即金属熔池具有无圆柱部分是判断电渣锭表面质量优劣的基本依据。工业试验和理论分析阐明了改善Mn18Cr18N电渣重熔钢锭表面质量的主要措施,并提出了合理的重溶工艺制度。     

基于田口法的大型锻件微观组织健壮参数控制方法

为对大型锻件微观组织进行控制,提出了一种基于田口法和数值模拟的健壮参数控制方法。以圆柱体两步镦粗为例,研究坯料高径比、始锻温度、锻模击打速度和各工步压下量对终锻件微观组织均匀细小程度的影响,通过信噪比分析,获得了最优参数水平组合,方差分析表明,始锻温度和坯料高径比对微观组织影响很大,而各工步压下量和锻模击打速度对微观组织影响很小。虚拟试验验证表明,试验值与预测值比较吻合,该方法可以避免大量的仿真次数,减少计算时间,对控制大型锻件的微观组织具有一定指导作用。     

185MN油压机缸体锻件内部质量分析

介绍了125 t钢锭及其缸体锻件的生产过程,解剖试验分析了缸体锻件中间冲脱部分的内部质量。结果表明:该125 t大型钢锭内部的冶金质量优良,锻造工艺合适,为以后生产更大等级的钢锭和锻件奠定了基础。     

TiNi形状记忆合金真空感应熔炼工艺的研究

采用真空感应加石墨坩埚的熔炼工艺,研究熔炼时间、坩埚内径和铸锭质量对TiNi合金的化学成分均匀性和杂质C、O含量的影响。结果表明：杂质含量随熔炼时间和熔液比接触反应面积（A/V比）的增加而增加,其中对C含量的影响程度远大于对O含量的影响;同等条件下,A/V之比与坩埚内径、铸锭质量有密切的关系。10~20 kg铸锭采用10 min+15 min的熔炼时间和内径为160 mm的坩埚能够熔炼出杂质量较低、成分均匀的合金。     

Effect of casting speed on surface quality of horizontal direct chill casting 7075 aluminum alloy ingot

7075 aluminum alloy ingot with the diameter of 100 mm has been produced by hor-izontal direct chill casting in different casting speed. The effect of the casting speed on the ingot surface and subsurface layer was studied by surface observation and subsurface structure analysis. It was found that increasing the casting speed results in the adding of segregation knots in the ingot surface. The thickness of the dendrite microstructure layer in the subsurface reduces with increasing the casting speed. And the ...     

Pore structure analysis of directionally solidified porous copper

Directionally solidified porous copper is considered as a potential candidate in the field of microchannel heat sinks.By the Bridgman-type directional solidification method,a porous copper ingot was fabricated.Evolution of the porosity,pore number density,average pore diameter and average interpore spacing at different ingot heights was investigated.The results show that with the increase of ingot height,the porosity firstly increases and then basically remains unchanged from the ignot height of 65 mm;the pore number density rapidly decreases at first,and the decreasing speed becomes slower when the ignot height higher than 85 mm;the average pore diameter increases and then remains unchanged from the ingot height of 85 mm;the average interpore spacing increases,and the increasing speed of average interpore spacing becomes slower with the increase of height to higher than 85 mm.In order to study the evolution of diameter and spatial distribution of pores,the distribution ranges of pore diameter,nearest-neighbor distance and radial cumulative pore number were analyzed.As the ingot height increases,the distribution ranges of pore diameter and nearest-neighbor distance firstly increase and then tend to be stable.There are no pore clusters and for long distance,the spatial distribution of pores is uniform at different ingot heights.Pore structure and 3D pore morphology of porous copper were observed with the help of light illumination and X-ray tomography.Pore nucleation,pore interruption,pore coalescence,diameter change of pores and lateral displacement of pores were found to exist in the pore structure.     

Effect of electromagnetic stirring on metallurgical quality of GCr15 electroslag ingot

To further improve the metallurgical quality of electroslag remelting,remove the large inclusions in electroslag ingot and refine the solidification structure of electroslag ingot,an electroslag remelting furnace with electromagnetic stirring was designed,and the influence of different magnetic induction intensities on metallurgical quality of GCr15 electroslag ingot was studied.Inclusions with different sizes and types were analyzed by an ASPEX scanning electron microscope,and the morphology and composition of inclusions were further observed by a JSM-6510LV scanning electron microscope.The distribution of alloying elements on the cross section of electroslag ingot was analyzed by original position analysis(OPA).The results show that whether or not electromagnetic stirring is used,the inclusions in electroslag ingot are mainly composed of Al₂O₃,MnS,MnS-oxide and other oxides,among which Al₂O₃ is the most.Compared with an electroslag ingot without electromagnetic stirring,the number of inclusions decreases considerably,and the proportion of small inclusions increases while the proportion of large inclusions decreases when the electromagnetic stirring with remelting current of 1.1 kA and magnetic induction intensity of 62 Gs is applied.However,excessive electromagnetic force will cause the number and diameter of inclusions to increase again.Electromagnetic stirring has different effects on the segregation of different elements.Under the experimental conditions,the weak electromagnetic force with 1.1 kA and magnetic induction intensity of 108 Gs has little effect on the segregation of C,but decreases the segregation of P,and the excessive electromagnetic force aggravates the segregation of alloy elements.     

大高径比钢锭铸造过程中缩管的研究

采用数值模拟和工业试验相结合的方法研究了大高径比铸锭内缩管的分布。利用5.3t钢锭解剖结果,验证了所建立数学模型的准确性。在此基础上,研究了10.5t钢锭内缩管的形成机理,并进一步探讨了不同浇注工艺对铸锭内缩管分布的影响。结果表明,浇注温度、浇注速度和铸模外表面冷却强度的变化对铸锭内缩管分布的影响较小。随着绝热砖长度增加,缩管深度会降低。当绝热砖长度超过500mm后,增大绝热砖长度对铸锭缩管分布影响不大。     

Comparison of unextruded air slip direct chill cast 6061 ingot with bar stock extruded from conventional direct chill cast 6061 ingot

Air Slip direct chill cast 6061 small diameter ingots (Direct Forge) were compared with 6061 extruded bar stock. The T6 mechanical properties were compared for both the Direct Forge ingot and the extruded bar stock, as well as cold impact extruded cylinders produced from Direct Forge small diameter ingot and extruded stock. It was found that the tensile and fatigue properties of Direct Forge ingot and cylinders from this ingot were significantly superior to those of extruded stock and cylinder produced from this stock. The improved properties are a result of higher solidification rates leading to smaller alloy-constituent dispersed particles and, thus, the production of smaller and more stable grain sizes. Direct Forge has the additional advantages of (a) not requiring hot or cold work prior to forming impacted extruded or forged parts, (b) being utilized in the T6 temper without any prior deformation, (c) having isotropic and consistent properties, (d) not requiring machining to remove surface segregation or defects, and (e) having more consistent and refined grain sizes.     

超高强7055铝合金铸锭均匀化工艺优化

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、差热分析及透射电镜等手段,对一种航空用超高强7055铝合金大尺寸铸锭的均匀化工艺进行分析与优化。提出分级提高均匀化温度的方法,在确保不发生过烧的情况下,最大限度改善铸锭质量。结果显示:低温预均匀化时,铸锭中析出大量的Al₃Zr相,能够大幅度降低对后续挤压变形的再结晶比例;对铸锭采用400 ℃×4 h+465 ℃×16 h+474 ℃×8 h的分级均匀化处理工艺,能够显著消除铸锭中低熔点相的含量,提高铸锭质量,同时相比于原工艺节省约13 h。新的均匀化处理工艺,不仅提高了生产效率,还能够为后续工艺提供良好的铸锭。