辊速及晶化工艺对(Nd, Pr)13Fe80Nb1B6快淬薄带组织和矫顽力的影响

用熔体快淬法制备(Nd,Pr)_(13)Fe_(80)Nb_1B_6快淬薄带并晶化处理,研究辊速和晶化条件对其组织和矫顽力的影响.结果表明,在10～20、25和35 m/s分别得到纳米晶、部分非晶和完全非晶薄带,且在18 m/s制备的薄带有较好的c轴各向异性.快淬态薄带的矫顽力随辊速(10～25 m/s)的增大而增加.非晶薄带晶化后由(Nd,Pr)_2Fe_(14)B相和富稀土相组成,且完全非晶薄带晶化后比部分非晶薄带晶化后的矫顽力要高,这是由于前者比后者具有更均匀的微结构造成的.非晶薄带晶化后矫顽力最大为1616 kA/m,高的矫顽力与添加Pr和Nb有关.     

优化边界结构制备高矫顽力及高热稳定性烧结Nd—Fe—B磁体

用双合金工艺在(Nd0.75Dy0.10Tb0.15)12.69Fe79.01Co2.00Nb0.30B6.00近正分主合金粉中掭加质量分数为3%的富稀土辅合金(Nd0.75Dy0.10Tb0.15)25.00Fe21.50Co<21.50>Nb4.00Ga8.00Ti5.00Al8.00B7.00粉和3%的Dy2O3粉,成功制备出超高矫顽力和高热稳定性的烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体,内禀矫顽力Hci和最大磁能积(BH)max分别为3028 kA/m和254 kJ/m3,22-220℃剩磁和矫顽力的温度系数分别为-0.104%/℃和-0.356%/℃,260℃不可逆磁通损失Lhirr的绝对值仅为4%.微观组织分析表明:主相Nd2Fe14B晶粒边界光滑、平直,富Nd相连续均匀分布于主相晶粒周围;在Nd2Fe14B晶粒表层附近富含Dy,Dy2O3中的Dy通过扩散与富Nd相及Nd2Fe14B晶粒表层中的Nd发生置换,从而在界面附近增强了磁各向异性.在此基础上,进一步提出了制备高矫顽力烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体中Dy的理想分布示意图.     

回火工艺对烧结(CePrNd)-Fe-B磁体内禀矫顽力的影响

以双主相法制备不同Ce含量的烧结(CePrNd)-Fe-B磁体,研究不同回火温度下磁体的磁性能,并对微观组织断口进行BSE和EDS分析。结果表明:含Ce磁体的共晶温度和居里温度随Ce含量的增加呈减小的趋势;回火温度对烧结(CePrNd)-Fe-B磁体的剩磁影响不显著;Ce取代量为12%(质量分数)的磁体经回火温度410℃处理后,内禀矫顽力从762.6 kA/m上升到1357.2 kA/m,相应提高77.97%,方形度达到最佳值0.953。经410℃回火后,磁体主相晶粒间的微观结构形成的壳核结构,晶界分布着较多的条状富Nd相分布。富Nd相中的Ce含量增高,浸润性相对提高,因而有利于减少主相晶粒间的反向磁耦合,提高了室温和高温下磁体的内禀矫顽力。     

优化边界结构与高性能烧结Nd-Fe-B永磁材料的制备

采用双合金技术,在富Nd晶界相中,同时添加TM1(Nb、Ti)和TM2(Al、Ga),获得了矫顽力超高、热稳定性好、力学性能和耐腐蚀性强的烧结Nd-Fe-B永磁材料.在(NdDyTb)12.69(FeCoNb)84.01B6.00伽主合金中添加6%的(NdDyTb)25(FeCoNbTiGaAI)68B7辅合金,磁体的内禀矫顽力达到2880 kA/m,260℃时磁通不可逆损失仅为5%,22-220℃剩磁和矫顽力的温度系数分别为-0.1 10%/℃和-0.381%/℃,抗弯强度为328 MPa,168 h失重2.5 mg/cm2.     

Sm—Fe—N永磁体的研制

用机械合金化的方法及退火和渗氮处理,用纯Fe粉和Sm粉制备出内禀矫顽力为33.1kA/cm(41.6kOe)和磁能积为98.7kJ/m~3(12.4MGOe)的Sm—Fe—N永磁材料.用X射线衍射方法对样品制备过程中的机械合金化、晶化、渗氮过程中所形成的相进行了分析,用脉冲磁强计测量磁性实验结果发现,采用高能球磨机是机械合金化的方法制备高矫顽力永磁体的较好工具晶粒尺度为几十nm是获得高矫顽力Sm—Fe—N永磁体的重要因素,样品中存在的软磁第二相是磁滞回线中出现蜂腰形状的主要原因。     

纳米晶复合NdFeCoZrB永磁合金磁性能和温度稳定性的研究

利用熔体快淬法和品化退火工艺制备了纳米晶复合NdFeB永磁粘结磁体,研究了添加Zr元素对磁体室温磁性能和温度稳定性的影响.结果表明,添加3at%Zr元素能明显提高磁体的矫顽力和最大磁能积.在淬速18 m/s、退火温度640℃下制备的Nd_(9.5_Fe_(76)Co_5Zr_3B_(6.5)粘结磁体具有良好的综合磁性能,即剩磁为0.71 T,矫顽力为652 kA/m,最大磁能积为80kJ/m~3.适量添加Zr元素可以有效改善磁体的温度稳定性,在20～150℃,纳米晶复合Nd_95Fe_(76)Co_5Zr_3B_(6.5)粘结磁体的剩磁温度系数为-0.13%/℃,内禀矫顽力温度系数为-0.35%/℃;在150℃时效100h后,不可逆磁通损失为-4.50%.     

块状纳米晶SmCo5烧结磁体的结构及其磁性能

采用放电等离子烧结(SPS)技术制备致密块状纳米晶SmCo5烧结磁体,研究磁体的结构和磁性能.XRD结果表明:球磨粉末基本为非晶结构,烧结磁体具有CaCu5结构.TEM结果表明:磁体获得晶体均匀分布的组织结构,平均晶粒尺寸约为30 nm.电子选区衍射(SAED)分析表明:磁体主相为SmCO5相.室温时磁体的矫顽力高达2.28 MA/m,而剩磁比Mr/Ms高达0.7,并通过剩磁曲线-M-H及其变化趋势,说明在纳米晶之间存在强烈的晶间交换耦合作用.烧结磁体具有良好的高温性能,773 K时其矫顽力为0.72 MA/m,矫顽力温度系数β为-0.146%/K.     

晶化对Co43Fe20Ta5.5B31.5非晶合金磁性能的影响

采用单辊甩带法制备了Co43Fe20Ta5.5B31.5非晶合金薄带,利用差热分析、X-射线衍射以及振动样品磁强计研究了等温晶化和非等温晶化条件下晶化对显微组织和磁性能的影响.结果表明,等温晶化时,饱和磁感应强度Ms和矫顽力Hc都随晶化体积分数α的增加而增加.经过928 K保温55 min的晶化处理以后,合金的Ms值由制备态的37.2增加到58.4 A·m2/kg,与此同时矫顽力也由制备态的1.25×79.6 A/m增加到634.45×79.6 A/m.当只有(Co, Fe)21Ta2B6相析出时,Hc和Ms的增加幅度都比较小.随着晶化的进行,当晶体相(Co,Fe)3B2和(Co,Fe)B析出时Hc和Ms都发生突然增高.在非等温晶化条件下,Ms随终止温度的提高而单调增大,但增加幅度很小.Hc随终止晶化温度的提高而变化的幅度较大,并且变化非单调.在第1个晶化峰温度范围之内时,Hc随终止温度升高而提高,但终止温度高于第2个晶化峰结束温度时,矫顽力又急剧下降.终止温度从968 K提高到1153 K时,Ms从61.74增加到67.7 A·m2/kg, 矫顽力由267.6×79.6增加到416.2×79.6 A/m.当终止温度进一步提高到1273 K时,矫顽力又下降为152.2×79.6 A/m.     

元素扩散对烧结(Nd,Tb)-Fe-B磁体反磁化和矫顽力的影响

采用双合金法,即将2种粉末混合压制成型制备烧结永磁体可提高磁体磁性能。本实验将Nd_(13)Fe_(81)B_6和TbHx粉末混合制成烧结磁体,研究Tb元素扩散分布以及其对磁性能的影响。Nd_(13)Fe_(81)B_6磁体矫顽力为358.2 kA/m,当TbHx混合量为3%(质量分数,下同)时,烧结磁体的矫顽力增加至1592 kA/m。扫描电镜和元素面分布谱表明,Tb元素更容易扩散进入Nd_2Fe_(14)B主相而不是富集在晶间富稀土相。Tb元素进入主相会替代Nd形成具有更高各向异性场的(Nd, Tb)-Fe-B表层,这样在反磁化过程中晶粒表层磁畴壁的形核场会增加,因此矫顽力增加程度显著。但是,TbHx混合量超过5%时,磁体中更多Tb原子从晶粒表层扩散入Nd2Fe14B相晶粒内部,这样晶粒表层反磁化形核场的提高程度会减弱,因而磁体矫顽力增加幅度降低。本研究说明要进一步提高双合金Nd-Fe-B磁体磁性能需控制元素扩散并优化磁体的元素分布。     

Fe含量对高温稀土永磁Sm(CobalFexCu0.1Zr0.03)7.5 (x=0.09～0.21)磁性能的影响

采用粉末冶金工艺制备了高温稀土永磁Sm(CobalFexCu0.1Zr0.03)7.5 (x=0.09～0.21),研究了Fe含量对磁体磁性能的影响.结果表明:随着Fe含量的增加,剩磁Br和最大磁能积(BH)max逐渐增加,在x=0.21时获得最大值,分别为0.96 T和176.7 kJ/m3;内禀矫顽力Hci先增加后降低,在x=0.15时获得峰值2276.6 kA/m.最佳工艺制备(x=0.15)的磁体温度稳定性良好,B-H退磁曲线在温度为500 ℃时保持为直线;内禀矫顽力温度系数β为-0.16%/℃,最高使用温度(OT)max达到533 ℃.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.