在单环管装置上用NDQ型催化剂生产BOPP薄膜专用树脂

以环己基甲基二甲氧基硅烷为外给电子体,使用NDQ型催化剂在100 kt/a的单环管聚丙烯(PP)生产装置上试生产不同等规指数的双向拉伸聚丙烯(BOPP)薄膜专用PP,并与DQ型催化剂进行对比试验。分析测试了PP的相对分子质量及其分布和力学性能,并试生产了BOPP薄膜。结果表明:与DQ型催化剂相比,用NDQ型催化剂在单环管装置上生产的BOPP薄膜专用PP的相对分子质量分布较宽,达7.5~7.7,二甲苯可溶物含量较低,拉伸强度和弯曲应力较高,且满足BOPP薄膜的生产要求。     

NDQ催化剂在单环管聚丙烯工业装置上的应用

使用NDQ催化剂在单环管聚丙烯(PP)工业装置上试生产T30S树脂,考察了NDQ催化剂对装置的适应性;与DQ催化剂进行对比,分析了2种催化剂生产PP的性能.结果表明:NDQ催化剂适用于单环管聚合装置;与目前装置使用的DQ催化剂相比活性有明显提高,催化剂和聚合物粒子破碎现象比DQ催化剂有所减少;NDQ催化剂生产的T30S树脂具有二甲苯可溶物含量低(至1.9%),相对分子质量分布宽(达5.9),拉伸屈服应力高(达35.8 MPa),弯曲强度高(达39.8 MPa)等特点.     

NDQ型催化剂在聚丙烯新产品开发中的应用

NDQ型催化剂以二醇酯为内给电子体,在5 L高压釜中进行了催化剂丙烯聚合性能评价。采用NDQ型催化剂,以环己基-甲基-二甲氧基硅烷为外给电子体,在单环管聚丙烯装置上开发了聚丙烯PPH-M12,PPT5015,PPB2025等产品。根据NDQ型催化剂的性能特点优化了聚合工艺参数(包括预聚合温度、聚合温度和聚合压力)。结果表明:用NDQ型催化剂制备的PP的相对分子质量分布较宽,分子链规整度较高,具有更好的加工性能和力学性能,并且不含邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂。     

DQ-Ⅳ催化剂在聚丙烯装置上的试生产

DQ-Ⅳ球形催化剂在扬子石油化工股份有限公司塑料厂聚丙烯装置上首次进行工业化试生产，分别试生产了均聚和嵌段共聚2种聚丙烯产品，并与进口催化剂和原国产催化剂生产作了对比。试生产表明，该催化剂活性较其他催化剂略高，并且活性释放平稳，能满足聚丙烯装置生产的需要，为聚丙烯装置催化剂的全面国产化作好了技术储备。     

四川石化聚丙烯装置国产催化剂试产BOPP

正2016年4月底,国产催化剂试生产聚丙烯BOPP料最后一批次产品分析合格,标志着四川石化公司聚丙烯装置使用国产SUG催化剂试生产BOPP(聚丙烯双向拉伸薄膜)取得圆满成功。为响应公司进一步挖潜增效号召,四川石化突出以效益为导向的生产机制,在确保安全生产、节约创效的前提下,稳步推进化工"三剂"国产化应用工作。2016年4月初,生产五部聚丙烯装置正式开始试用国产SUG催化剂生产BOPP。为保证装置     

NDQ催化剂催化丙烯聚合

采用以二醇酯为内给电子体合成的NDQ催化剂,在5 L高压釜中催化丙烯本体聚合,评价了NDQ催化剂的聚合性能.结果表明:NDQ催化剂具有较高聚合活性、立构定向性;NDQ催化剂在低氢气浓度下氢调不敏感,适宜生产低熔体流动速率的树脂;得到的聚丙烯具有相对分子质量分布宽的特点.     

基于Unipol工艺的流延膜专用二元无规共聚聚丙烯的开发

对流延膜专用二元无规共聚聚丙烯的性能指标进行了深入研究和分析,确定了其技术攻关指标,开展了添加剂配方选择、装置试生产及试用工作.根据添加剂选择、催化剂选择、装置试生产、下游客户试用情况,对流延膜专用二元无规共聚聚丙烯进行持续优化,适当提高了二甲苯可溶物含量,将其调整为6.7％±0.5％(w).     

简讯

扬子石化引进聚丙烯装置采用国产催化剂中国石化扬子石油化工股份有限公司(简称扬子石化)引进的200 kt/a聚丙烯(PP)装置采用中国石油化工股份有限公司催化剂北京奥达分公司生产的NA(2)催化剂试生产共聚PP K8003取得成功。经检测,产品各项经济技术指标均达到了与     

DQC-401催化剂在双环管工艺聚丙烯装置的应用

使用DQC-401催化剂在海南炼化双环管聚丙烯装置进行试生产,与DQ-Ⅲ-2催化剂进行对比,结果表明：DQC-401催化剂适合在双环管聚丙烯装置上应用。     

高乙烯含量抗冲聚丙烯的研发

在Hypol工艺聚丙烯中试聚合装置上,采用经过预处理的超细粉体替代含微量氧气的氮气(LPN),进行高乙烯含量抗冲聚丙烯的制备试验。确定了适宜的超细粉体类型,建立了超细粉体羟基含量测试方法。结合相应的预处理方式,进行超细粉体羟基含量测试和表征。试生产了2个批次的低熔体流动速率指数(MFR)共聚聚丙烯,与现有牌号J340和C180产品相比,综合性能优于现有工业装置的产品。同时开发了更高乙烯含量的聚丙烯产品,试验发现,使用TK系列催化剂生产的共聚产品乙烯质量分数最高达到23%,流动性和稳定性均较好。     

合成R134和R134a的新工艺

以一氯二氟甲烷（Ｒ２２）为原料,裂解成含四氟乙烯Ｃ２Ｆ４混合气,以钯为催化剂加氢合成１,１,２,２ 四氟乙烷（Ｒ１３４）,以铬为催化剂经异构化制得１,１,１,２ 四氟乙烷（Ｒ１３４ａ）。自行设计和制作了中试合成装置,加氢的最佳工艺条件是：反应温度为８０℃,Ｖ（Ｃ２Ｆ４）∶Ｖ（Ｈ２）＝１∶２～１∶４,气体流速２．５０～３．５０ｍ／ｍｉｎ,Ｃ２Ｈ４的转化率为８０％左右;异构化的最佳工艺条件是：温度３００℃,异构化后的混合物中Ｒ１３４ａ的体积分数达７２．６％。     

Investigation of the gypsum quality at three full-scale wet flue gas desulphurisation plants

In the present study the gypsum (CaSO₄·2H₂O) quality at three full-scale wet flue gas desulphurisation (FGD) plants and a pilot plant were examined and compared. Gypsum quality can be expressed in terms of moisture content (particle size and morphology dependent) and the concentration of residual limestone and other impurities. The particle size distributions (PSD) in the holding tanks of the investigated plants were similar, apart from a slightly higher fraction of small particles in the full-scale plants. These high levels of small particles could originate from nucleation, attrition or accumulation of fly ash and impurities from the sorbent. The crystal morphology obtained in the pilot plant was columnar with distinct crystal faces as opposed to the rounded shapes found at the full-scale plants. All the investigated full-scale plants consistently produced high quality gypsum (High purity, low moisture content and low impurity content). An episode concerning a sudden deterioration in the gypsum dewatering properties was furthermore investigated, and a change in crystal morphology, as well as an increased impurity content (aluminium, iron and fluoride), was detected.     

用固定床吸附方法脫去液体蜡中的芳香烴

用尿素脱蜡方法生产出来的液体蜡,一般都含有3～10%的芳香烃。欲将此蜡用来作为合成洗滌剂、石油酯增塑剂等轻化工产品的原料,就必须设法降低其中的芳香烃含量到允许范围。前阶段的工作表明,采用固定床循环吸附方法,脱除直馏煤油及其液体蜡中芳香烃是有工业化前途的。本工作就是在以往工作的基础上,进一步探索工艺条件和产品质量之间的初步规律,为中间放大试验提供了操作依据。 试验用原料油有两种:一种是成球法尿素脱蜡中型试验装置生产的液体蜡,馏程210～260℃,芳香烃含量3～5%;另一种是异丙醇尿素脱蜡工业试验装置生产的液体蜡,馏程210～260℃,芳香烃含量8～10%。吸附剂为青岛海洋化工厂生产的粗孔硅胶。隔带剂是90～120℃馏分的溶剂汽汕。脱附剂是工业苯。 试验结果表明,对于芳香烃含量为3～10%的液体蜡,采用固定床循环吸附方法脱去其中芳香烃的最惠工艺操作条件为:加料比（克原科/克硅胶）K=2.68～0.172C_0(C_0表示进料中的芳烃重量百分比）;隔带剂和脱附剂用量,当以体积表示时,均为硅胶在床层中孔隙率的0.7～1.0倍,即1.0～1.5毫升/克硅胶。在最惠操作条件下,当控制去芳烃液体蜡产品中芳香烃含量小于1%时,回收率可达93～95%;副产品芳烃浓缩物纯度较高,折光率（n_D~(20)）可控制在1.5000以上。     

羰基合成醋酐联产醋酸工艺研究

在确定选用均相铑系催化剂后,为了进一步研究中试放大,需对羰基合成小试工艺进行研究。实验采用贵金属铑为主催化剂,碘甲烷为助催化剂,以醋酸甲酯、甲醇和一氧化碳为原料,选用锆材高压釜,均相羰基化合成醋酐并联产醋酸。在温度180—200℃下,压力3.0—6.0MPa,催化剂质量分数700×10-6—1000×10-6,碘甲烷质量分数10%—15%和停留时间70—90min的工艺条件下,按一氧化碳计醋酐选择性为95.4%,CO转化率为97.4%,羰基产物醋酐收率为92.9%;催化剂的时空收率(按醋酐计)为38671.28g/(mol.h)。此工艺参数的提出可以初步指导中试放大并为工业化生产提供基础数据。     

Comparison of Dissolved Air Flotation and Sedimentation in Treatment of Typical North China Source Water

The treatment of typical north China water by dissolved air flotation (DAF) and sedimentation process was examined. A pilot plant with a water treatment capacity of 120 m3/d constructed in the Jieyuan Water Treatment Plant (JWTP) of Tianjin, China, was utilized for the comparison of the two processes. The results show that during the pilot test, DAF process can remove particles and organic mater more efficiently than sedimentation process. The removal rate for turbidity by DAF process is 5.5% higher than that by sedimentation in normal turbidity period, and 40% higher in low turbidity period, it is 5%~10% higher for removals of algae, total organic carbon (TOC), trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) and bacteria in all periods. The removal rates for turbidity, TOC, THMFP, algae and bacteria by DAF process can reach 95%, 30%, 20%, 94% and 97% respectively. From the results of the pilot test, it can be concluded that DAF is a feasible clarification process, especially for source water with low turbidity and high algal blooming.     

高透明抗冲聚苯乙烯中试研究

在连续本体聚苯乙烯中试装置上对高透明抗冲聚苯乙烯树脂进行了研究。结果表明,中试产品冲击性能与增韧剂相当,比小试产品稍差。小试产品、中试产品及增韧剂具有相似的互穿网络结构。     

以玉门直馏七碳烃馏份铂重整制取甲苯的中型多段绝热反应

为了提供铂重整工业装置的设计数据及操作指标,进行了三个和四个串联绝热反应器的中型试验。铂重整中型装置的处理量为每日200—350公斤。原料油为玉门直馏汽油中85—125℃七碳烃馏份,以生产甲苯为主。采用三个反应器时,合理的操作条件为进口温度,490℃;压力,30气压;汽油分子循环比,6-7∶1;空速,3.稳定重整油的液收率为92％（重量）,甲苯产率为25％（重量）,副产品氢气纯度为95％,氢气产率为1.8％（重量,对原料油）。每个反应器催化剂容量的比例为1∶1∶1。采用四个反应器时,在同样的操作条件下,液收率为86％（重量）。甲苯产率为28％（重量）。由于第四反应器的平均床层温度过高,催化剂积炭较快,催化剂的活性不能持久。但如将第四反应器进口温度降至470℃,第四反应器即会失去效用。因此不宜采用四个反应器。在试验过程中,用热平衡方法证明中型反应器能达到绝热的条件,因此保证了工业装置设计数据的代表性。试验时,并测定了各反应器的温度降。反应系统内反应物和生成物的总热容量,以及各反应器内生成芳香烃的反应热是按照热力学基本数据计算而得的。     

Influence of a lipid phase on steam jet agglomeration of maltodextrin powders

The contribution of an oil phase to the agglomeration mechanisms of food powders was evaluated. Maltodextrin (DE 10), palm oil stearin and two palm oil oleins (up to 25% dry mass) were used as food models. Granulation runs were carried out in a pilot plant steam jet agglomerator. The powders containing oleins were more cohesive than those with stearin and the presence of oil changed the agglomeration mechanisms. The size increase mechanism of pure maltodextrin powder was controlled by surface plasticization and agglomerates with suitable instant properties were obtained. Small amount of oil degenerated drastically the rate of dispersion in water of the powders and their agglomerates but the average size and the mechanical resistance of the agglomerates increased when the oil content of the powders increased. SEM micrographs of agglomerates indicated that higher lipid content in the powders produced compact granules, favoring sinkability but hindering their disintegration. Agglomeration enhanced considerably the flowability of the particles containing oil. The dispersion behavior of the powders with higher lipid content could be correlated with the Hausner Number. A pre-agglomeration step favored the blend of the more cohesive powders producing larger and more resistant agglomerates.     

Results from trialling aqueous NH3 based post-combustion capture in a pilot plant at Munmorah power station: Absorption

Australia's Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) and Delta Electricity have developed, commissioned and operated an A$7 million aqueous NH₃ based post-combustion capture (PCC) pilot plant at the Munmorah black coal fired power station in Australia. The results from the pilot plant trials will be used to address the gap in know-how on application of aqueous NH₃ for post-combustion capture of CO₂ and other pollutants in the flue gas and explore the potential of the NH₃ process for application in the Australia power sector. This paper is one of a series of publications to report and discuss the experimental results obtained from the pilot plant trials and primarily focuses on the absorption section.The pilot plant trials have confirmed the technical feasibility of the NH₃ based capture process. CO₂ removal efficiency of more than 85% can be achieved even with low NH₃ content of up to 6 wt%. The NH₃ process is effective for SO₂ but not for NO in the flue gas. More than 95% of SO₂ in the flue gas is removed in the pre-treatment column using NH₃. The mass transfer coefficients for CO₂ in the absorber as functions of CO₂ loading and NH₃ concentration have been obtained based on pilot plant data.     

BF3催化1-癸烯制备聚α-烯烃合成润滑油基础油

低黏度聚α-烯烃（PAO）合成技术主要为国外所垄断,国内少有研究报道。为了解决这一技术问题,本文以1-癸烯为原料,在1L高压反应釜中进行聚合实验,考察反应压力、反应温度、引发剂、反应时间对转化率及聚合产物组成分布的影响,并以优化后的工艺条件在200L低黏度PAO中试试验装置上进行中试放大试验。结果表明,在反应压力为0.2MPa、反应温度为20℃、催化剂加入量为850g、引发剂加入量685mL（与1-癸烯质量比为0.5%）、反应时间2h的条件下,转化率大于95%,产品关键组分三聚体和四聚体含量大于80%,反应放热量约为6.3×10⁴kJ。以此条件获得的产品100℃运动黏度4.3mm²/s,黏度指数132,-40℃低温动力黏度2318 mm²/s,倾点-60℃,与国外产品主要性能指标相当。