适用于低速UWB的多径接收算法改进

叉指数优化选择是传统MMSE-Rake(最小均方差Rake接收机)算法的重要组成部分,广泛应用于UWB(超带宽)Rake接收机中。为了提高在低速传输条件下UWB系统对多径信号接收的快速识别能力,提出了一种基于优化抽头系数的MBER(最小误比特率)改进算法,该算法可在不降低多径分辨率的前提下,通过简化Rake叉指数实现快速定位。仿真结果表明,在低速CM3(NLOS信道)和CM4(特殊情况下NLOS信道)多径模拟信道传输条件下,改进后的算法在性能上优于传统MMSERake算法,不仅降低了Rake接收机的复杂度,还提高了信号接收的实时性。     

TR-UWB系统性能分析与仿真

分析比较了3种基于自相关接收原理的超宽带发送参考（TR）冲击无线电系统,即简单TR（STR）系统、平均TR（ATR）系统和差分TR（DTR）系统在多径信道中的误码率（BER）性能、实现复杂度和传输速率,并对这3种系统的性能在CM1和CM2信道中进行了计算机仿真。分析和仿真结果表明,ATR和DTR的性能恒优于STR,但ATR和DTR的性能的优劣则取决于具体的参数取值,在一定的参数条件和复杂度约束下,DTR系统是一种在性能、复杂度和传输速率方面都能兼顾的比较折中的传输方案。     

一种新型最佳接收机设计方法

提出了一种提高接收机性能的新方法。该方法通过对信道传输信号波形的特征参数测量,分析传输信号的成形方式,根据成形参数设计最佳接收滤波器,有效降低码间串扰和信道噪声对接收机性能的影响,并在噪声信道环境下进行了仿真研究,使用了采样统计方差、信噪比和眼图3种方法对接收机性能进行分析,结果表明,该方法能够有效提高接收机的性能。     

基于MMSE信道估计准则的TH—PPM UWB通信系统多径性能分析

基于MMSE估计准则对TH-PPM UWB多径环境下的系统接收性能进行了分析。首先介绍了TH—UWB信道的传播特征,对IEEE UWB信道模型CM1做了仿真,并分析了MMSE多径信道估计特性,在此基础上对幅值最强两条多径信号的多径延时和多径幅值误差的标准方差进行了仿真,结果表明信号越强延时估计误差越小。最后对采用MMSE估计接收和参数已知接收两种方式下系统的性能进行了仿真,结果表明采用MMSE信道估计的Rake接收机性能可以达到信道参数完全已知的Rake接收机性能。     

提高多信道接收机信道一致性的一种方法(连载一)

本文详细分析了传统的组合式多信道接收机各信道间产生不一致性的原因以及在工程应用时产生不一致性的主要环节,指出该方法在保证多信道一致性方面有先天不足。进而提出一种利用相关法保证多信道接收机各信道间一致性的新方法,并进行了理论分析及性能计算。由于新方法实际上是利用一个信道传输多个信号,因而不存在信道一致性问题。然而,由于我们是利用各个信号的相关性来区分信号的,所以各个信号的相互干扰也会引入不一致性问题。理论分析表明,等效的多信道接收机各信道间的一致性要优于传统的组合式多信道接收机,而且在工程应用时还有体积和重量方面的优势。     

传输参考型UWB相关接收机的性能分析及仿真

借鉴传输参考信号的思想,将其扩展到一组多个信号,提出一种新型超宽带(UW B)差分相关接收机。理论性能分析和UW B室内多径信道仿真表明:该接收机的检测性能优于传统的自相关接收机,尤其是在0~4 m近距离时,而且结构复杂度较低,便于实现。     

基于矩阵低秩估计的可靠多载波差分混沌键控接收机

在多载波差分混沌键控(MC-DCSK)系统中,经由无线信道传输在接收端进行检测时,参考混沌信号的传输差错将降低承载信息的检测性能,降低传输可靠性。为了提高可靠性,该文基于承载信息的调制信号因共享参考混沌信号的低秩特性,提出了一种基于矩阵低秩估计(LRAM)的MC-DCSK接收机,增强系统可靠性。该接收机将接收信号矩阵表示为秩1矩阵和噪声矩阵之和,然后对接收信号矩阵进行低秩估计,以得到参考信号的最优估计,并进而将其用于承载信息的调制信号的检测和解调,从而提升系统传输可靠性。继而,该文证明了LRAM检测可等效于最大似然估计检测,并对信息泄露率理论安全性能进行了分析,分析结果表明所提方案安全性与基准MC-DCSK系统一致。仿真结果验证了该接收机在加性高斯白噪声(AWGN)和多径衰落信道下可有效提升MC-DCSK系统的可靠性。     

基于矩阵低秩估计的可靠多载波差分混沌键控接收机

在多载波差分混沌键控(MC-DCSK)系统中,经由无线信道传输在接收端进行检测时,参考混沌信号的传输差错将降低承载信息的检测性能,降低传输可靠性.为了提高可靠性,该文基于承载信息的调制信号因共享参考混沌信号的低秩特性,提出了一种基于矩阵低秩估计(LRAM)的MC-DCSK接收机,增强系统可靠性.该接收机将接收信号矩阵表示为秩1矩阵和噪声矩阵之和,然后对接收信号矩阵进行低秩估计,以得到参考信号的最优估计,并进而将其用于承载信息的调制信号的检测和解调,从而提升系统传输可靠性.继而,该文证明了LRAM检测可等效于最大似然估计检测,并对信息泄露率理论安全性能进行了分析,分析结果表明所提方案安全性与基准MC-DCSK系统一致.仿真结果验证了该接收机在加性高斯白噪声(AWGN)和多径衰落信道下可有效提升MC-DCSK系统的可靠性.     

应用分组编码调制的超宽带自相关接收机及其性能分析

由于实现简单,非相干传输参考接收机(TR)对于超宽带通信具有较大吸引力,但另一方面,由于需要发送参考脉冲,降低了系统的能量效率和数据传输率.为克服这一缺点,现有文献提出一种采用分组编码调制方案的码字匹配与信号汇聚(CMSA)接收机,但相关文献没有对 CMSA 接收机的最优性和误码性能进行理论分析.针对这一问题,本文基于广义最大似然比检验,提出一种针对分组编码调制超宽带信号的新型非相干接收机.该接收机与 CMSA 接收机的码字判决规则等价,即证明了 CMSA 接收机实质上是广义最大似然意义下的最优接收机.与 CMSA 接收机不同,新型接收机采用脉冲帧信号进行自相关的结构,具有实现更加简单和灵活的特点.同时文中对接收机的错误性能进行了理论分析,在推导成对差错概率的基础上得到接收机的误比特率理论上界,多径衰落信道下的仿真结果表明当误比特率小于 10-3 时,该理论上界是误比特率的一个很好近似.     

一种超小型无人机超宽带通信信道模型研究

针对将超宽带无线信号应用于超小型无人机通信链路的低空传输环境,分析了信号传播可能遇到的各种地形、地物等因素对传输损耗的影响,选择修正的S-V多径信道模型,对选定的两个信号传播环境进行了仿真,并给出了信道的路径损耗、冲激响应、rm s时延扩展、平均超量时延、多径分量数目和功率延迟剖面,仿真结果表明该模型能够有效反映信道的特性参数,可为超宽带接收机的设计提供参考。     

Mitigation of channel estimation error in TR–UWB system based on a novel MMSE equalizer

The time reversal (TR) technique combined with the ultra-wideband (UWB) system offers a new potential for decreasing the cost and complexity of the UWB receivers. In spite of TR–UWB's good performance in perfect channel state information (CSI), it is very sensitive to the channel estimation error. The effect of channel imperfection on the TR–UWB system is considered in this paper. At first, based on a minimum mean square error (MMSE) equalizer receiver, a prefilter is calculated in closed form to improve the performance of the TR–UWB system in an imperfect CSI scenario. Furthermore, for comparison purposes, a similar calculation for prefilter is carried out based on a simple matched filter (MF) receiver. Then, in order to improve the MF receiver performance, a two-stage iteration-based algorithm is developed. The initial value for this iteration-based improved algorithm is considered to be a prefilter which is calculated in the TR–UWB system with MMSE equalizer. This optimized algorithm causes the channel estimation error in the TR–UWB system to become zero in some steps. Finally, exhaustive simulations are done to demonstrate the performance advantage attained by the improved algorithm.     

超宽带系统在窄带干扰条件下的性能研究

超宽带（Ultra Wide-Band，UWB）系统发射信号的带宽在一个非常大的频段范围内，易与已存在的窄带无线通信系统的带宽形成重叠。因此，有必要研究UWB系统在频段重合范围内的抗干扰能力。文中首先分析了直接扩频超宽带系统在最小均方误差准则检测方式下，RAKE接收机的比特误码率（Bit Error Rate，BERl，然后研究了普通窄带系统的功率谱密度，最后做出了仿真分析。结果表明，在CM1信道传播下，窄带干扰对UWB系统不会造成很大影响，而在CM2信道传播下会照成一定影响，必须通过其他通信手段如信道编码来降低BER，实现通信的可靠性。     

The TR-UWB receiver based on spatial diversity

This paper presents a new Transmitted Reference (TR) Ultra-WideBand (UWB) receiver based on Spatial Diversity (SD), which employs Multi-Antenna Technology (MAT) to improve the performance of TR-UWB receiver. According to the amplitude of correlator output of every antenna branch, this paper analyzed the performances of the proposed TR-UWB receiver employing three different kinds of combina-tion strategies, i.e., Maximum Ratio Combination (MRC), Equal Gain Combination (EGC), and Selective Combination (SC), which are different from conventional ones, and theoretically proved that the performance of EGC is better than MRC. Simulation results verify that when EGC is adopted and BER=10–3, increasing three antennas provides Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) gain of about 3 dB in CM4 channel and SNR gain of about 2 dB in CM2 channel.     

Smart UWB System Based on STC and TR Techniques for BER Performance Enhancement and Interference Rejection

In this research, a novel smart UWB system is introduced. The proposed system is based on using an adaptive maximum ratio combining (MRC) Rake receiver. The proposed adaptive Rake receiver uses Genetic algorithm (GA) to adaptively select the delays of the fingers of the Rake receiver depending on the channel impulse response. It adaptively selects the delays that will allow the Rake receiver to capture most of the energy in the multipath components with minimum complexity. This adaptive Rake receiver is referred to as a GA Rake. The adaptive GA Rake is applied to a single-input single-output and space time coding (STC) multi-input single-output UWB systems. The performance of those systems using a GA Rake is compared to their performance when using a conventional MRC-Rake receiver and showed a great enhancement in performance with less receiver complexity. Also, in this paper, the smart UWB system using STC is modified by using the time reversal (TR) pre-coding technique. The modified system is referred to as a TR smart UWB system. This modification leads to more enhancements in performance and more reduction in receiver complexity over the smart UWB system. Moreover, this paper also shows the ability a TR smart UWB system in combating interference from other UWB systems.     

Chaos-Based transmitted-reference ultra-wideband communications

Transmitted-reference (TR) ultra-wideband (UWB) communication systems have gained increasing popularity for the usage in the low data rate application, due to its non-coherent receiver structure. In conventional TR system, non-coherency at the receiver is achieved by sending reference pulses prior to the data-bearing pulses. Then, at the receiver side, reference pulses are used as template signals for correlation with data-bearing pulses. Therefore, the orthogonality between reference and data pulses is obtained in time division multiple access (TDMA) fashion. However, the implementation of a wideband delay line is very difficult in the current low power integrated circuits. In this paper, a TR method called Chaos-Based TR (CB-TR) is proposed. In the proposed method, chaotic sequences are used to separate the reference and data pulses. Such approach exploits the benefits of chaotic signals, such as non-periodicity, easy-to-generate, impulse-like autocorrelation value and low cross-correlation value. Furthermore, in order to decrease the influence of some negative properties of conventional chaotic maps, a modified chaotic generator (MCS) is proposed. Simulation results over the IEEE 802.15.4a channel model show comparable bit error rate performance to other TR methods.     

Performance of UWB Receivers with Partial CSI Using a Simple Body Area Network Channel Model

Ultra wideband (UWB) communication is a very promising candidate for the use in wireless body area networks (BAN). The high UWB peak data rate allows for medium average data rates in combination with a very low duty cycle, which is the key for a very low power consumption. Devices in a wireless BAN require low complexity. Hence, mainly non-coherent receivers such as energy detector and transmitted-reference receiver are suited. In this paper, the symbol-wise maximum-likelihood (ML) detectors for pulse position modulation (PPM) and transmitted reference pulse amplitude modulation (TR PAM) are derived assuming partial channel state information (CSI) at the receiver. Additionally, also the ML detectors for a combination of PPM and TR PAM are presented. The performance of the derived receiver structures is evaluated using a novel BAN channel model not distinguishing line-of-sight and non line-of-sight situations. This simple channel model is based on 1100 channel measurements in the frequency range between 2 and 8 GHz, which were measured in an anechoic chamber. Using the BAN channel model, performance of the derived receiver structures is evaluated showing that the knowledge of the average power delay profile (APDP) at the receiver improves performance substantially. Requiring only slightly more complexity such receivers are a well suited alternative to non-coherent receivers for the use in a BAN.     

一种符号间干扰下的超宽带发射参考接收机

该文在超宽带传统发射参考接收机的基础上,对时分多址方唏下諘数据传输速率时参考接收脉冲与数据接收脉冲波形都受到脉冲间干扰污染的相关接收机进行了分析,在此模型的基础上利用超宽带室内信道慢衰落的特点,采用少量无重叠的导频脉冲对模型系数进行估计,并用Volterr系统下的LMS箕法进行跟踪.采用求根法对存在二阶符号间干扰的系统辛行非线性均衡.用IEEE802.15.3a的室内多径信道模型仿真结果蠨明,采用该非线性均衡算法下接收机比线性均衡能更有效地克服符号间干扰.     

Time hopped transmitted reference with multiple autocorrelation sampling for ultra wideband radio

Transmitted reference (TR) schemes for ultra wideband (UWB) eliminate the need for channel estimation, reducing receiver complexity at the cost of reduced performance. This letter proposes a transmitted reference (TR) scheme with multiple autocorrelation sampling detection. The proposed receiver captures the energy in the received signal's autocorrelation side lobes, outperforming the traditional TR scheme for the operational range of signal to noise ratio (SNR) values. Time hoping, as well as the use of bandwidth efficient signaling with favorable spectral characteristics, facilitate significant improvement in system capacity in comparison to a similar scheme using orthogonal chirp signals in multipath spread channels.     

Performance analysis of non-coherent UWB receivers at different synchronization levels

Non-coherent ultra-wideband (UWB) receivers require no channel state information for demodulating the received signal. The primary non-coherent receiver in the UWB literature is the autocorrelation receiver, which autocorrelates the received signal at specific time lags, circumventing problems of template signal design and multipath energy combining. A unique advantage of the UWB autocorrelation receiver is its robustness to synchronization errors, which has not been explored yet to date. This paper investigates two major UWB schemes employing autocorrelation receivers: the transmitted reference (TR) scheme (R. Hoctor and H. Tomlinson, 2002) and the differential (DF) scheme (M. Ho et al., 2002). Performance is analyzed for TR and DF receivers at different synchronization accuracy levels, their robustness to synchronization errors is shown, and the existence of a tradeoff between performance and synchronization complexity for non-coherent UWB receivers is revealed. As a result of our analysis, comparisons of TR and DF schemes are also made in the presence of synchronization errors, which have not been addressed before. Simulations corroborate our findings.     

M-ary orthogonal coded/balanced ultra-wideband transmitted-reference systems in multipath

A new M-ary orthogonal coded signaling is introduced to avoid the inter-frame interference that is especially detrimental to realizing high rate ultra-wideband (UWB) transmitted-reference (TR) systems. To further increase the information rate, the inter-pulse interference by an overlap of multipath-delayed pulses is controlled by integrating the signaling and a pair of balanced matched Alters in a joint manner, so as to permit a shorter time delay between the reference and data pulses in TR systems. To evaluate an achievable information rate increase relative to conventional TR, the symbol error probability (SEP) is theoretically derived for the proposed M-ary orthogonal coded/balanced TR system, considering the realistic IEEE standard UWB channel models. In addition, we consider the issue of receiver complexity and present two alternative low- complexity receiver implementations for the proposed TR system.