Hybrid Observer for Global Frequency Estimation of Saturated Signals

A hybrid observer for the on-line global estimation of the frequency and the bias of a saturated sinusoidal signal is proposed. Robustness of the observer against unknown saturation level is discussed.     

A hybrid observer for localization of mobile vehicles with asynchronous measurements

The aim of this paper is the design of a hybrid nonlinear observer for mobile vehicles. The main problem is that position and velocity measurements are provided with a very low frequency, and the time between two consecutive measurements could be not constant, but it could vary randomly within a certain interval of time. For this reason the proposed observer has been contextualized in the hybrid systems framework. The convergence analysis of the estimation error has been carried out, and the sensitivity analysis has been performed in order to evaluate the bound of the estimation error when the measurements are biased and/or noisy. Simulation and experimental results, carried out on a mobile vehicle, show the feasibility of the proposed observer and the good behaviors in terms of estimation error that can be achieved.     

Simultaneous state and output disturbance estimations for a class of switched linear systems with unknown inputs

The paper considers the issues of state estimation and output disturbance reconstruction for a class of switched linear systems with unknown inputs. A singular switched system is derived from the original switched system by taking the output disturbance as a part of a new extended state vector. For the constructed singular switched system, a robust sliding-mode switched observer which can not only estimate the states of original switched system but also reconstruct output disturbances is proposed, where the switching of the observer is synchronous with that of the switched system. A sufficient condition is provided to guarantee the existence of the switched observer by the feasibility of an optimisation problem with linear matrix inequality constraint, and the corresponding switching signal with average dwell time is designed such that the convergence of the estimation error system is proven to be exponential. Based on the state estimation of singular switched system, the methods of state estimation and output disturbance reconstruction of original switched system are proposed. Finally, the simulation results confirm the predicted performance of the proposed methods.     

基于对偶观测器的谐波提取方法

提出一种基于对偶观测器的标准正弦信号提取方法.将受到谐波干扰的信号通过一种辅助滤波器得到与谐波频率相关的可测变量;然后利用对偶关系将受干扰信号分解为已知函数和受标准正弦信号驱动的待估项;进而构造观测器估计未知参数,直接对标准正弦信号进行重构.该方法可以将谐波信号表示为关于辅助变量的参数形式,直接建立频率与干扰谐波之间关系,实现标准信号与干扰谐波的分离.由于只需要估计受标准正弦信号驱动的未知参数,很大程度上可以降低计算复杂度.利用李雅普诺夫稳定性理论证明:当不存在有界噪声时,这种观测器可以渐近跟踪标准频率信号;在多源干扰环境下,观测器误差动态满足一致最终有界特性.仿真结果验证了该对偶观测结构的有效性.     

Vehicle state estimation for anti-lock control with nonlinear observer

Vehicle state estimation during anti-lock braking is considered. A novel nonlinear observer based on a vehicle dynamics model and a simplified Pacejka tire model is introduced in order to provide estimates of longitudinal and lateral vehicle velocities and the tire-road friction coefficient for vehicle safety control systems, specifically anti-lock braking control. The approach differs from previous work on vehicle state estimation in two main respects. The first is the introduction of a switched nonlinear observer in order to deal with the fact that in some driving situations the information provided by the sensor is not sufficient to carry out state estimation (i.e., not all states are observable). This is shown through an observability analysis. The second contribution is the introduction of tire-road friction estimation depending on vehicle longitudinal motion. Stability properties of the observer are analyzed using a Lyapunov function based method. Practical applicability of the proposed nonlinear observer is shown by means of experimental results.     

Fault estimation observer design for discrete‐time systems in finite‐frequency domain

This paper proposes a framework of fault estimation observer design in finite‐frequency domain for discrete‐time systems. First, under the multiconstrained idea, a full‐order fault estimation observer in finite‐frequency domain is designed to achieve fault estimation by using the generalized Kalman–Yakubovich–Popov lemma to reduce conservatism generated by the entire frequency domain. Then, a reduced‐order fault estimation observer is constructed, which results in a new fault estimator to realize fault estimation using current output information. Furthermore, by introducing slack variables, improved results on full‐order fault estimation observer and reduced‐order fault estimation observer design with finite‐frequency specifications are obtained such that different Lyapunov matrices can be separately designed for each constraint. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the advantages of the theoretic results obtained. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Chattering free with noise reduction in sliding-mode observers using frequency domain analysis

This paper presents analysis and regulation of switching in the sliding-mode observers for nonlinear systems. First, the high gain property of the sliding observer is employed in order to obtain fast convergence of the estimated states to the system ones. Then, when the system is in the switching condition, signals are decomposed into two modes: the slow-mode and the fast-mode. The observer parameters are designed based on the relay feedback systems such that the high gain property is provided for the slow-mode operation. This ensures fast convergence of the estimated states and at the same time, by controlling the fast-mode of the observer, the high frequency oscillations (i.e. the chattering phenomena) can be rejected by a simple low-pass filter. In addition, the behavior of the proposed observer is analyzed in the presence of the measurement noise. Moreover, a Variable Relay-Equivalent Gain technique will be introduced to make the proposed observer less sensitive to measurement noises and to maintain good estimation of the states. The proposed nonlinear observer is tested through simulations in an illustrative example involving a bioreactor. Simulation results show good performance of the proposed method as compared to the conventional sliding-mode observer.     

基于三阶超螺旋滑模观测器算法的机器人力矩估计方法

本文研究了六自由度(6-DOF)机器人关节力矩估计问题.为了提高机器人关节力矩估计精度,本文设计了一种三阶超螺旋滑模关节力矩观测器.在对观测器系统进行稳定性分析时,本文设计了一种新的Lyapunov函数证明了观测器闭环系统的稳定性.与已有的机器人力矩观测器结果不同,该力矩观测器仅以机器人关节角度作为观测器输入信号,减少了对机器人系统信息的依赖.最后,以6-DOF工业机器人为对象,开展实验验证.实验结果表明,与传统线性力矩观测器相比,本文提出的滑模力矩观测器估计误差小,验证理论的正确性.     

基于神经网络观测器的船舶轨迹跟踪递归滑模 动态面输出反馈控制

针对三自由度全驱动船舶速度向量不可测问题,考虑船舶模型参数和外部环境扰动均未知的情况,提出一种基于神经网络观测器的船舶轨迹跟踪递归滑模动态面输出反馈控制方法.该方法设计神经网络自适应观测器估计船舶速度向量,且利用神经网络逼近模型参数不确定项,综合考虑船舶位置和速度误差之间关系构造递归滑模面,再采用动态面控制技术设计轨迹跟踪控制律和参数自适应律,并引入低频增益学习方法消除外界扰动导致的高频振荡控制信号.选取李雅普诺夫函数证明了该控制律能够保证轨迹跟踪闭环系统内所有信号的一致最终有界性.最后,基于一艘供给船进行仿真验证,结果表明,船舶轨迹跟踪响应速度快,所设计控制器对系统模型参数摄动及外界扰动具有较强的鲁棒性.     

Observer design for sensor and actuator fault estimation applied to polynomial LPV systems: a riderless bicycle study case

The present paper addresses an observer design for fault estimation applied to polynomial linear parameter varying (LPV) systems. The main contribution corresponds to a design to provide the estimation of both actuator and sensor faults acting on the system, modelled as additive faults taking place at any time and simultaneously, inclusively. The observer design includes a boundary factor in order to guarantee the estimation error convergence to zero despite the fault occurrence. Simulation results showing the effectiveness of the proposed observer by considering a riderless bicycle LPV model, which depends on the translational velocity of the vehicle, are provided.     

一类非线性系统的自适应观测器

研究一类非线性系统的观测器设计方法, 这类非线性系统满足 Lipschitz 条件且含有未知参数. 提出了全状态自适应观测器设计的新方法. 构造的观测器能保证状态估计误差及参数估计误差渐近收敛于零. 文中给出数值例验证了观测器的有效性.     

Fault tolerant sliding mode control for T-S fuzzy stochastic time-delay system via a novel sliding mode observer approach

In this paper, a fault estimation and fault-tolerant control problem for a class of T-S fuzzy stochastic time-delay systems with actuator and sensor faults is investigated. A novel sliding mode observer is proposed, which can simultaneously estimate the system states, actuator and sensor faults with good accuracy. Based on the state and actuator fault estimation, a new sliding mode control scheme is developed, which can effectively eliminate the influence of actuator fault. Sufficient conditions for the existence of the proposed observer and fault-tolerant sliding mode controller are provided in terms of linear matrix inequality, and moreover, the reachability of the sliding mode surface can be guaranteed under the proposed control scheme. The propose sliding mode observer and fault-tolerant sliding mode controller can overcome the restrictive assumption that the input matrix of all local modes is the same. Finally, a numerical example is provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed sliding mode observer and fault-tolerant sliding mode control technique.     

非线性切换系统基于观测器的容错控制器设计

针对一类具有执行器故障的非线性切换系统,研究基于系统状态估计和故障重构的容错控制问题.首先,在具有平均驻留时间(ADT)的切换信号下,设计一种切换PI观测器作为状态-故障估计器,以达到对系统状态和故障同时渐近估计的目的;其次,基于线性矩阵不等式,给出非线性切换系统观测器存在的充分条件;再次,基于PI观测器给出的状态和故障估计,提出一种非线性切换系统的容错控制器设计方法;最后,以一个电子电路为仿真实例进行分析,验证了所提出方法的可行性和适用性.     

一类非线性系统的自适应观测器

This paper investigates the means to design the ob- server for a class of nonlinear systems with Lipschitz conditions and unknown parameters.A new design approach of full-order state adaptive observer is proposed.The constructed observer could guarantee the error of state and the error of parameter estimation to asymptotically converge to zero.Furthermore,a numerical example is provided to verify the effectiveness of the observer.     

A resilient adaptive sliding mode observer for sensorless AC salient pole machine drives based on an improved HF injection method

In high frequency (HF) injection methods, classical tracking algorithms are used to estimate the rotor position for sensorless alternating current (AC) salient pole machines. These algorithms were dependent on AC machine inductances which are characterized by their large variations. To overcome this dependency, a new approach based on using only the sign of the rotor position estimation error (instead of using rotor position estimation error) is proposed. This approach has also the advantage of removing the low-pass filter (LPF) used to separate the HF component from the rotor position information. Consequently, only the first order sliding mode observer can be employed to estimate the rotor position, as only the sign of the rotor position estimation error is known. To avoid the well known chattering phenomena of this observer, an adaptive step-by-step sliding mode observer is proposed as an alternative solution to estimate the rotor position of the machine. The stability study of the proposed observer is analyzed both in transient/steady state ranges and a procedure for gains tuning is then given. The performance of the proposed algorithm is tested on simulation and experimentally in the framework of a representative small-scale electric propulsion benchmark, used in automotive applications. Moreover, a comparison study is conducted with respect to some existing tracking algorithms in order to illustrate the well-founded of the designed algorithm.     

Asymptotic rejection of finite frequency modes of general periodic disturbances in output feedback nonlinear systems

This paper deals with asymptotic rejection of individual frequency modes in nonlinear systems under general periodic disturbances. An iterative observer design is proposed for disturbance estimation, and it is shown that the proposed observer design successfully extracts individual frequency modes from general periodic disturbances. The proposed iterative observer design is then applied to asymptotic rejection of nonlinear systems under general periodic disturbances.     

High order sliding mode observer‐based backstepping fault‐tolerant control for induction motor

This paper presents a robust fault tolerant control for an induction motor in presence of inter‐turn short‐circuit fault. The control strategy is based on Backstepping approach and high order sliding mode observer. That ensures a high‐performance control and a good dynamic in presence of inter‐turn short‐circuit fault. The stability of the Backstepping control is proved by Lyapunov theory. A high order sliding mode observer is used for rotor flux estimation. The performances of the fault tolerant control scheme will be examined via numerical simulation and validated through hardware implementation using MATLAB/Simulink with dSpace signal card. The analysis' results show the robustness of the proposed method for the tolerance of the inter‐turn short‐circuit fault.     

感应电机高阶终端滑模磁链观测器的研究

提出了基于高阶非奇异终端滑模的感应电机转子磁链观测方法,用于实现感应电机的按转子磁链定向控制. 设计了非奇异终端滑模面及观测器的控制策略,利用所设计的控制策略推导出电机转子磁链信息. 为了抑制常规滑模存在的抖振现象,设计了定子电流观测器的高阶滑模控制律,可将控制信号直接用于电机转子磁链的估计. 较常规滑模观测器,所提方法具有较高的观测精度,并对电机参数变化具有良好的鲁棒性.仿真结果验证了方法的有效性.