旋转超声辅助磁力研磨镍基合金试验研究

对现有新材料镍基高温合金进行旋转超声辅助磁力研磨试验研究。探讨该方法及工艺参数对工件表面微裂纹、褶皱、划痕等表面缺陷问题的去除效果。试验结果表明:旋转超声辅助磁力研磨光整加工磁极转速为1 000 r/min,磁性研磨粒子平均粒径为250 μm,超声振动频率为19 kHz时比传统磁力研磨效果有显著提高,工件表面粗糙度从R_a 3.4 μm降到R_a 0.07 μm;研磨后其内部应力由拉应力+46 MPa转变为压应力-126MPa,得到了良好的表面应力状态。在相同磁力研磨加工条件和试验参数下,该方法与传统磁力研磨加工进行实验对比,旋转超声辅助磁力研磨方法通过添加轴向高频旋转超声冲击,得到良好的工件表面质量及表面粗糙度;加工后工件表面划痕、褶皱、微裂纹基本去除,表面质量及表面微观形貌有显著改善。     

超声复合磁力研磨异型管参数优化设计及分析

目的改善镍基合金异型管表面质量,降低表面粗糙度。方法在内置辅助磁极磁力研磨基础上添加轴向超声振动,促使磁力研磨粒子对管件内表面进行轴向划擦、刻划作用。采用响应面法对试验进行3因素3水平方法设计,建立参数优化三维数学模型,分析超声频率、超声振幅、主轴转速在两因素交互作用下,对异型管内壁表面质量、表面粗糙度的影响,并得出试验最佳参数组合。结果响应面法优化设计在超声频率19 kHz、超声振幅19μm、主轴转速1200 r/min条件下的加工效果最佳。在优化工艺参数下进行超声复合磁力研磨试验,加工30 min后,管件内壁表面粗糙度由原始2.4μm降至0.31μm,管件内表面残余拉应力由+49MPa转变为残余压应力?47MPa。结论在内置辅助磁极磁力研磨基础上添加超声轴向振动,使得研磨粒子翻滚加剧,研磨轨迹复杂化,有效改善了管件内壁表面粗糙度和表面加工质量。响应面法能够对试验结果进行优化参数数学建模设计,拟合出了最佳的加工参数组合,良好的应力状态有效地提高了工件的疲劳强度。     

超声复合磁力研磨加工镍基合金GH4169异形管

为解决镍基合金GH4169异型管内壁难研磨及研磨不均匀问题,采用超声复合磁力研磨光整加工方法进行试验。分析在超声复合磁力研磨条件下,主轴转速、加工间隙、超声频率和超声振幅对异形管内壁表面质量的影响。结果表明：在超声轴向频率为19 kHz、振幅19 μm,主轴转速1000 r/min,磁性磨粒平均粒径250 μm,加工间隙2 mm加工条件下,加工30 min后,管件内壁表面粗糙度Ra由原始的2.4 μm降至0.31 μm。通过在管件内部添加圆柱形辅助磁极,使得内外两磁极形成闭合磁场回路,增加磁场力的作用。辅助磁极连接高频轴向超声振动,使得吸附在磁极上的磁性磨粒在旋转运动和轴向高频振动复合作用下划擦、研磨管件内表面。由于研磨轨迹发生交叉复杂化,使得异型管内壁研磨后的表面质量和表面粗糙度得到明显提高;管件内壁表面残余应力由拉应力+52 MPa转变为压应力-48 MPa,表面应力状态得到较好的改善。     

旋转超声振动辅助磁力研磨玉石表面试验研究

该试验研究为提高玉石材料表面加工质量和加工效率,去除工件表面微裂纹、褶皱、划痕,提出旋转超声辅助磁力研磨加工技术对玉石表面进行光整加工的方法。对比了普通研磨和旋转超声辅助磁力研磨加工后玉石表面质量,分析了超声波频率、磁性研磨头直径和主轴转速对加工质量的影响效果。试验结果表明:当主轴转速1500r/min、研磨头直径为30mm,采用19 k Hz高频振动频率对玉石表面研磨30min时,玉石表面研磨的表面粗糙度及表面形貌效果最好,玉石表面粗糙度从0.89μm降至0.13μm,有效的提高了玉石表面质量。     

基于无理数转速比的导磁轴套磁粒研磨试验

目的 解决大型导磁类零件内表面的精密研磨加工困难、加工效率低等问题。方法 采用旋转磁极方法对内表面进行磁粒研磨。工件由车床主轴驱动旋转,将磁极伸入工件内部,并在电机驱动旋转的同时,随着车床刀架往复进给,驱使磁极与工件内表面之间填充的磁性磨粒摩擦工件表面,完成对工件内表面的光整加工。利用ADAMS软件对有理数和无理数转速比下的研磨轨迹进行模拟,讨论不同转速比对研磨轨迹和工件表面质量的影响;采用响应面法将影响研磨的主要工艺参数(工件转速、磁极转速、磁性磨粒粒径)进行优化设计;通过研磨试验分析表面形貌和表面粗糙度数据,验证优化后工艺参数的可靠性。结果 采用响应面法分析可知,当工件转速为98 r/min、磁极转速为2 435 r/min、磁性磨粒粒径为190 μm、磁粒研磨加工时间为40 min时,工件的表面粗糙度从原始Ra 3.32 μm降至Ra 0.198 μm,表面粗糙度改善率(ΔRa)为94.04%。工件表面划痕、加工纹理等表面缺陷得到了有效去除,加工后工件表面更加光亮、均匀,大幅提高了工件的使用寿命。结论 当磁极与工件的转速比为无理数时,其研磨效果最好,研磨轨迹的干涉效果更好,单位面积内的交错次数更多,交织出的网状结构网格更均匀、致密,未加工区域面积更小。采用响应面法能够对试验结果进行优化参数数学建模设计,拟合出的最佳工艺参数组合可提高大型导磁材料轴套类零件的加工效率和表面质量。     

基于低频交变磁场的陶瓷管内表面磁力研磨加工∗

为解决陶瓷管内表面质量问题,提高磨料利用率,寻求低频交变磁场下磁力研磨加工的最佳工艺参数,利用 Maxwell 软件对加工区域进行磁场仿真,采用 Box-Behnken 进行响应面试验设计并优化工艺参数,用 ANOVA 验证表面粗糙度预测模型的合理性。 结果表明:低频交变磁场加工区域中磁场强度可达 650. 04 kA/ m,磁感应强度可达 0. 82 T,表面粗糙度预测模型调整后的拟合优度 R²_adj 为 91. 65%,经过响应面优化后得到的最佳工艺参数为工件转速 977. 78 r/ min,铁磁粒子粒径 210. 61 μm,金刚石粒子粒径 3. 35 μm,电流频率 3. 01 Hz,使用调整后的工艺参数加工氧化铝陶瓷管件内表面 120 min 后,表面粗糙度 Ra 由 2. 25 μm 降至 0. 34 μm,使用低频交变磁场进行磁力研磨可以有效提高陶瓷管内表面质量。     

永磁场磁力研磨TC11钛合金的实验研究

目的解决钛合金机械加工后表面质量差的难题。方法采用磁力研磨工艺对TC11钛合金进行了表面光整加工。以表面粗糙度为主要评价指标,研究了磁力研磨工艺参数对钛合金表面质量的影响,并对工艺参数进行了优化。采用优化后的工艺参数对钛合金进行了表面光整加工,研究了磁力研磨工艺对钛合金金相组织的影响。结果当加工间隙为3 mm时,研磨压力适宜,加工后工件表面粗糙度值最小。采用粒径为100目的磨粒使工件表面研磨加工后纹理更细,表面粗糙度值最低。提高主轴转速,工件表面材料去除率增加,当主轴转速为1500 r/min时,加工后工件表面粗糙度值最小。对比工件加工前后的金相组织,加工后试样表面组织晶粒变细,晶界增多,工件表面应力状态由张应力转变为压应力。结论实验确定了较优的工艺参数组合,即:加工间隙为3 mm,磨粒粒径为100目,主轴转速为1500 r/min。采用永磁场磁力研磨工艺,能够大幅降低TC11钛合金表面粗糙度,并使钛合金表面组织得到改善。     

双向复合振动辅助磁力研磨加工的试验研究

目的进一步提高研磨加工效率,并获得更好的工件表面质量。方法提出双向复合振动(磁极垂直于加工表面的法向超声振动和平行于加工表面的切向振动相结合)辅助磁力研磨法实现对工件表面的研磨抛光。以钛合金工件为研究对象,进行了四种不同工况的研磨加工试验,并对试验结果进行了对比和分析。结果采用双向复合振动辅助磁力研磨法研磨钛合金工件,研磨加工60 min后,工件表面粗糙度值Ra由研磨前的3.78μm降至0.36μm,有效去除了原始加工纹理,获得了较好的表面形貌。工件表面的残余应力由拉应力转化为压应力。结论双向复合振动辅助磁力研磨法既能增加磁性磨粒的瞬时研磨压力,提高研磨加工效率,又能促进磁性磨粒的翻滚与更替,随时改变磁性磨粒的切削刃和切削方向,使磁性磨粒的运动轨迹互相交织,去除工件表面材料更均匀,同时还能有效地改善工件表面的应力状态。     

石英玻璃管内表面的复合光整试验研究

目的 探究超声磁粒复合研磨与超声振动复合抛光两个试验阶段对石英玻璃管内表面加工的可能性,寻求最优的工艺参数组合。方法 在石英玻璃管内添加柱形径向充磁辅助磁极,并添加超声振动,组成复合光整装置。在辅助磁极表面包裹一层研磨粒子,构成超声磁粒研磨装置,在辅助磁极外表面包裹一层聚氨酯,构成超声振动抛光装置。结果 对上述的超声磁粒复合研磨阶段进行响应面优化,在主轴转速、振动频率、粒径三个变量中,保持其中一个变量不变,另外两个变量组合,使表面粗糙度值达到最低。选用最优的工艺参数组合作为第一阶段主要参数,经40 min研磨,表面粗糙度值从原始的4.40 μm下降到0.19 μm。在第一阶段基础上进行第二阶段抛光,经5 min抛光,表面粗糙度值从0.19 μm进一步下降到0.07 μm。结论 通过响应面优化得到最优超声磁粒复合研磨组合为：主轴转速1000 r/min、粒径250 μm、振动频率20 kHz。经超声磁粒复合研磨与超声振动复合抛光两个阶段加工后,玻璃管内表面存在的凹坑、突起及划痕均得到有效去除,表面更加均匀、平整。     

超声振动复合研磨K9光学玻璃工艺研究

目的探究超声振动复合研磨对光学玻璃研磨可行性,通过响应面法寻求超声振动研磨最优的工艺参数组合。方法在传统研磨装置基础上,添加超声振动装置、蠕动泵、旋转工作台构成超声振动复合研磨装置。添加轴向超声高频振动提高研磨效率,添加旋转工作台提高研磨均匀性,添加蠕动泵便于循环和更新研磨液。利用响应面法优化超声振动复合研磨加工中的主轴转速、振动频率、加工间隙三个变量参数,并进行实验研究,可得出两两变量关联度,从而得出研磨中影响最大的因素。结果通过响应面优化后得到超声振动复合研磨最佳工艺参数为主轴转速1000 r/min、加工间隙0.4 mm、振动频率12 kHz,主轴转速和间隙参数对工件表面研磨加工的影响较大。经25 min研磨,无超声振动的传统研磨方法使表面粗糙度值Ra从0.3μm下降到0.1μm;增加超声振动复合研磨使表面粗糙度值Ra从0.3μm下降到0.04μm。结论经超声振动复合研磨后,光学玻璃表面存在的凹坑、凸起均得到了有效去除,表面粗糙度值下降快,表面形貌均匀、平整。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.