酚醛树脂炭包覆对天然微晶石墨电化学性能的影响

以酚醛树脂包覆天然微晶石墨,经炭化处理制备得到锂离子电池用酚醛树脂炭包覆石墨负极材料。系统考察了酚醛树脂炭包覆量对微晶石墨晶体结构和电化学性能的影响。结果表明,酚醛树脂炭改善了天然微晶石墨的表面形貌,但未改变其晶体结构;包覆适量酚醛树脂炭可以提高负极材料的首次充放电效率,并且可以明显改善其大电流充放电下的循环性能。酚醛树脂包覆量为4%的酚醛树脂炭包覆石墨的首次充放电效率为81.4%,在0.5C的电流密度下经过50次循环后仍有257.9mAh/g的脱锂容量。     

碳纳米管包覆量对天然石墨负极材料的电化学性能的影响

用溶胶-凝胶法将碳纳米管(CNT)包覆到天然石墨的表面,提高其充放电比容量和循环寿命性能,并研究了不同含量的碳纳米管对天然石墨电化学性能的影响。通过扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和电化学测试等对CNT/天然石墨复合材料进行表征。结果表明,碳纳米管能在电极中构建空间三维导电网络,同时保留了天然石墨的晶体结构。随碳纳米管含量增加,复合材料的充放电比容量和循环稳定等电化学性能先升高后降低。碳纳米管包覆的质量分数为7%时,复合材料的综合性能最佳。在0.1C,CNT/天然石墨负极材料放电比容量为427mAh/g,比纯天然石墨(356mAh/g)提高了20%,循环100次后容量保持率仍有93.6%。     

沥青炭包覆微晶石墨用作锂离子电池负极材料的研究

针对微晶石墨振实密度低和首次库仑效率低的缺点,采用真空浸渍-炭化工艺对微晶石墨进行沥青炭包覆改性,利用XRD、拉曼光谱和SEM等分析了炭包覆前后微晶石墨的结构和表面形貌,利用比表面测试仪测试了样品的BET比表面积,利用振实密度仪测定振实密度,并通过恒电流充放电和循环伏安等测试了样品的电化学性能。结果表明,炭包覆后微晶石墨的石墨化度略有降低,拉曼R值由0.63增大至0.85;颗粒表面更光滑平整,BET比表面积降低0.9m2/g,振实密度从0.95g/cm3提高至1.08g/cm3;不可逆容量损失从121mAh/g减小到44mAh/g,可逆容量从300mAh/g提高到320mAh/g,首次库仑效率从71.2%提高到87.4%,而且循环性能得到明显改善。     

沥青炭包覆微晶石墨用作锂离子电池负极材料的研究

针对微晶石墨振实密度低和首次库仑效率低的缺点,采用真空浸渍-炭化工艺对微晶石墨进行沥青炭包覆改性,利用XRD、Raman光谱和SEM等分析了炭包覆前后微晶石墨的结构和表面形貌,利用比表面测试仪测试了样品的BET比表面积,利用振实密度仪测定振实密度,并通过恒电流充放电和循环伏安等测试了样品的电化学性能。结果表明,炭包覆后微晶石墨的石墨化度略有降低,拉曼R 值由0.63增大至0.85;颗 粒 表 面 更 光 滑 平 整,BET比 表 面 积 降低0.9m2/g,振实密度从0.95g/cm3提高至1.08g/cm3;不可逆容量损失从121mAh/g减小到44mAh/g,可逆容量从300mAh/g提高到320mAh/g,首次库仑效率从71.2%提高到87.4%,而且循环性能得到明显改善。     

碳纳米管与石墨烯协同改性天然石墨及其电化学性能

以碳纳米管和氧化石墨烯为原料,二者按5∶3混合超声分散再高温还原制备碳纳米管/石墨烯/天然石墨(CNTs/rGO/NG)锂离子复合负极材料。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FTIR)和电化学测试等分析技术对复合材料的形貌、结构、电化学进行表征。结果表明:石墨烯和碳纳米管在天然石墨表面形成三维立体网络结构。与纯天然石墨相比,CNTs/rGO/NG复合材料具有良好的倍率性能和循环寿命,在0.1C时首次放电比容量为479mAh/g,可逆容量达473mAh/g,循环100次后容量为439.5mAh/g,容量保持率为92%,在0.5,1,5C不同电流倍率时容量依次为457,433,394mAh/g。     

三聚磷腈复合硫正极材料性能的改进研究

采用加热法,将三聚磷腈复合硫(TPS)正极材料与介孔炭复合,以期望改善电极性能.扫描电子显微镜显示TPS具有与硫不同的表面形貌,接触角测定表明水滴与TPS表面的接触角为35°,而硫表面的接触角为115.,XRD和IR测定证明TPS结构特征为表面经过磷腈基团修饰的硫.复合介孔炭后,TPS电极性能改善,在10mA/g的充放电电流下,其首次放电容量为767mAh/g,第二周容量保持率为84.8％,30次循环后容量为303.8mAh/g.     

铝/石墨复合材料的制备及其电化学性能研究

铝作为负极材料其理论容量较高,但铝在充放电过程中会出现严重的体积膨胀,导致循环性能差。为克服铝体积膨胀严重的缺点,采用简单的球磨法成功制备出铝/石墨复合材料。利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜对复合材料的结构和形貌进行分析。电化学性能测试表明,铝/石墨复合材料首次放电比容量高达1004mAh/g,循环15次后容量保持在300mAh/g。铝/石墨复合材料拥有较高的放电比容量和较好的循环性能,在锂离子电池负极材料中具有潜在的应用价值。     

炭纳米纤维-天然石墨复合材料的制备及其作为锂离子电池阳极材料的电化学性能(英文)

制备一种炭纳米纤维-天然石墨复合材料,以改善作为锂离子电池阳极材料的天然石墨的倍率性能。通过优化控制天然石墨上炭纳米纤维的生长量及其形状提高了天然石墨的循环性能和倍率性能。与天然石墨原料相比,炭纳米纤维-天然石墨复合材料第一次放电容量达到了95%。炭纳米纤维的生长量被严格地控制在天然石墨质量的15%以下。研究发现:由于炭纳米纤维对充放电过程中阳极的体积膨胀和收缩程度的控制作用,天然石墨表面边位上生长的类似常青藤形的炭纳米纤维对倍率性能的提高最为有效。提出采用炭纳米纤维-天然石墨复合材料的原理结构模型解释重复充放电过程中电极的体积稳定性。通过在石墨表面上生长类常青藤形炭纳米纤维而使得SEI(固体电解质界面)变薄并减少了充放电过程中阳极的体积变化,因而提高了倍率性能。     

锂离子电池正极材料LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4的固相法制备及性能研究

以Ni(CH3COO)2·4H2O和Mn(CH3COO)2·4H2O为原料,分别在400、500℃分解3、7h得到镍锰复合氧化物前驱体,再与锂源Li2CO3混匀,在800℃煅烧12h,600℃退火24h得到LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4正极材料。XRD、SEM、EIS和恒流充放电测试结果表明,在400℃、7h制备的前驱体与Li2CO3合成的LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4性能最佳。室温下以0.1C倍率充放电,首次放电比容量达到141.5mAh/g,循环30次后容量保持率为98.55%;以1C倍率充放电,首次放电比容量为120.34mAh/g,循环30次后放电比容量为112.09mAh/g。     

锂离子电池正极材料LiFePO4的合成及电化学性能

固相反应法合成了新型锂离子电池正极材料LiFePO4,组装成电池后,室温下(23℃)初始比容量为110mAh/g.以蔗糖分解在LiFePO4电池材料的颗粒间覆碳的方法制备了改性的LiFePO4,对LiFePO4进行表面覆碳改性后其电化学性能包括比容量和充放电效率两方面都得到提高.覆碳后正极材料的初始比容量在室温下达到了140mAh/g,比覆碳前增加了30mAh/g,在循环20周后比容量仍维持在125mAh/g左右;覆碳后正极材料的平均充放电效率在23℃和50℃下分别为91%和93%.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.