副产炭黑与高耐磨炭黑掺合应用试验

为了从根本上解决我厂炭黑的出路问题,我厂从1991年3月起开始对重油造气副产炭黑的扩大应用研究开展工作.经过一年多时间的努力,取得了一定的进展.其中副产炭黑在橡胶中的掺合应用试验是较为成功的一例.现将有关情况报道如下.1 副产炭黑在橡胶中掺合应用的意义和原理用我厂炭黑作某种价格较高炭黑的代用品,使产品质量达到国家标准的要求是我们主要目标.利用我厂副产炭黑优良的导电性能,作为乙炔炭黑的代用品应用于干电池和导电橡胶制品,虽有很高的经济价值.但在相当长时     

渣油气化副产炭黑在橡胶制品中的应用

研究了德士古工艺渣油气化副产炭黑的基本性质,并进行了老化性能试验,提出了在橡胶中使用副产炭黑时的配方调整原则：硫化促进剂的用量为０７～１３份,配用树脂类增塑剂２～８份,副产炭黑可单独添加,也可与其它种类炭黑并用,用量以２０～３５份为宜。副产炭黑在橡胶制品中的应用试验表明,该种炭黑可替代半补强炭黑应用于垫带、胶板、胶管等中、低档橡胶制品中,且制品的各项性能指标达到国家标准及相关行业标准要求。     

重油造气副产炭黑的回收和利用

介绍重油造气副产炭黑回收利用的概况，及荷兰凯琴炭黑（Ketjenblack）、谢尔法副产炭黑、德士古法副产炭黑的特点和应用性能。     

渣油气化副产炭黑在橡胶制品中的应用

研究了德士古工艺渣油气化副产炭黑的基本性质,并进行了老化性能试验,提出了在橡胶中使用副产炭黑时的配方调整原则：硫促进剂的用量为０．７－１．３份,配用树脂类增塑剂２－８份,副产炭黑可单独添加,也可与其它种类炭黑并用,用量以２０－３５份为宜。副产炭黑在橡胶制品中的应用试验表明,该种炭黑可替代半补强炭黑应用于垫带,胶板,,且制品的各项性能指标达到国家标准及相关行业标准要求。     

重油造气副产炭黑的生成条件对其性质的影响

一、现状重油裂化造气过程中所副产的炭黑,简称副产炭黑,过去一直作为废物排放。近年来,重油萃取工艺由盛而衰,大多数油头厂开始对这部份炭黑进行综合应用研究。目前,主要用于橡胶加工业,但与专业炭黑厂生产的传统商品炭黑相比,副产炭黑普遍存在粒径分布范围广,表面粗糙,二次结构发达等特点,不同油头厂的副产炭黑性质差别也很大。用作橡胶填充炭黑时均表现出补强性差等缺点,因而使其在橡胶中的应用受到限制。表1为副产炭黑在橡胶中补强性能表。     

天然气制乙炔副产炭黑在天然橡胶中的应用研究

采用两种方式制备天然气制乙炔副产炭黑并进行性能表征,并将两种副产炭黑与炭黑N660分别添加到天然橡胶(NR)中,考察其对NR胶料性能的影响。研究表明:未压滤副产炭黑的比表面积和结构均大于压滤副产炭黑,但与炭黑N660相比仍有差距;炭黑N660和未压滤副产炭黑胶料的门尼粘度较高且相近,压滤副产炭黑胶料的门尼粘度最低;炭黑N660胶料的邵尔A型硬度、100%定伸应力、300%定伸应力、拉伸强度和撕裂强度最高,未压滤副产炭黑胶料其次,压滤副产炭黑胶料最低;压滤副产炭黑胶料的耐磨性能最差,压缩疲劳温升最高;两种副产炭黑对胶料均具有一定的补强作用,但与炭黑N660相比仍有一定差距;未压滤副产炭黑胶料的分散性能和动态力学性能优于压滤副产炭黑胶料。     

白炭黑包覆副产炭黑复合材料的制备及性能研究

为了改善天然气制乙炔副产炭黑（简称副产炭黑）的表面性能,实现其资源化利用,在副产炭黑的表面原位复合白炭黑制得白炭黑包覆副产炭黑复合材料（简称复合材料）。采用热重分析、扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶红外光谱、X射线衍射等手段对材料的性能进行表征,并研究其对丁苯橡胶的补强效果。结果表明：采用原位复合方式制备的复合材料呈规整的球形,聚集程度降低,分散性提高,粒径明显增大;吸油值较副产炭黑提高153%;与水的接触角降至38.29°,亲水性大幅提高;在副产炭黑与白炭黑复合过程中产生了结晶度较低的微晶炭;复合材料对丁苯橡胶的补强效果较副产炭黑明显提升,胶料的300%和500%定伸应力、拉伸强度和拉断伸长率均提高,其中拉伸强度提高约60%。     

重油造气副产导电炭黑企业标准已制订实施

全国年副产炭黑6万吨。长期以来,由于各企业生产工艺条件不一,所用重油品质千差万别,致使副产炭黑质量和性能各不相同。尽管一些单位在加以利用,但由于没有标准,始终未能成为正式产品。 湖北省化工厂针对副产炭黑推向市场扩大应用的要求,组织有关科技人员经过半年多的调查取证、检测论证,终于在1992年12月正式编制出了重油造气副产炭黑的企业标准,并向省石化厅、省标准局进行了申报备案。     

重油造气副产炭黑的活性浅析

本文对重油造气副产炭黑的生成机理及结构特征与活性炭进行对照,分析副产炭黑的活性来源及活性特征。为副产炭黑代替粉状活性炭的应用,以及副产炭黑为原料生产粒状活性炭提供理论依据。     

F-1型副产炭黑在导(防)静电橡胶制品中的应用通过技术鉴定

全同化工和石化系统重汕造气每年产生副产炭黑6万吨,若能全部刊利用,则不公可以节约炭黑生产用重油20万吨,而且还可大大改善环境污染,并可新增炭黑产位1.5亿元。 湖北省化工厂于80年代初就着手于副产炭黑的应用研究,1981年将其成功地应用于干电池。为了进一步扩大副产炭黑的应用范围,该厂从1991年3月起,又与襄樊市橡胶总厂合作,经过两年的努力和多次变量配方试验,适当增强硫化和抗老化体系,终于筛选出合理的配方,使副产炭黑在导(防)静电橡胶制品中的应用获得成功,并于1993年4月14日通过了省石化厅主持的专家鉴定。     

工程车辆翻新轮胎补强剂性能补强试验及机理

为了改善工程车辆翻新轮胎在使用中经常出现胎面不耐磨、易崩花掉块的损坏形式,将炭黑、白炭黑作为补强剂加入到胎面基体配方中,通过改变用量及加料顺序,对三种不同配方体系下的胎面进行拉伸强度、撕裂强度、300%定伸应力、拉断伸长率、耐磨指数、硬度及炭黑分散度扫描等物理机械性能进行测试,获得了如下主要结论：单一炭黑配方体系中,当炭黑N151质量份为40,混合配方体系中,当炭黑N330质量份为40、白炭黑质量份为20时,性能补强效果较为理想,耐磨性及抗崩花掉块性能大大提高。应用分子链滑动理论解释了炭黑的补强机理,炭黑颗粒与橡胶分子链之间需要保持一个合适的吸附比表面积,需要炭黑含量达到一个最佳值,炭黑含量过低,橡胶分子链不能紧密融合,炭黑含量过高,会导致炭黑颗粒间空隙小,同样橡胶分子链不能有效融合,补强效果不理想。     

裂解炭黑在叉车轮胎胎面胶中的应用

研究裂解炭黑(CBp)在叉车轮胎胎面胶中的应用。结果表明:在胎面胶中以CBp等量替代炭黑N550,胶料的门尼粘度减小,使用20份CBp的胶料门尼焦烧时间相当,硫化胶的定伸应力和拉伸强度减小,拉断伸长率和撕裂强度增大,炭黑分散性下降;改性CBp硫化胶的耐磨性能优于CBp硫化胶。使用CBp等量替代炭黑N550可显著降低生产成本。     

填料改性氟橡胶的制备及性能研究

针对氟橡胶加工性能不良、耐磨性差、价格昂贵的问题,以耐磨炭黑和白炭黑为增强填料,二硫化钼为减磨填料对其进行改性,考察了不同填料种类及用量对氟橡胶力学及耐磨性能的影响。结果表明：炭黑和白炭黑用量分别为25份和20份时硫化胶的综合性能最优,在此基础上,随着二硫化钼用量的增加,炭黑增强氟橡胶的摩擦系数减小,耐磨性提高,但力学性能有所降低;对于白炭黑增强氟橡胶体系,随着二硫化钼用量增大,耐磨性和力学性能均先减小后增大。     

Influence of carbon black distribution on performance of oxide cathodes for Li ion batteries

The influence of carbon black content and carbon black distribution on performance of oxide-based cathodes, such as LiCoO₂ and LiMn₂O₄, is investigated. The electronic conductivity of oxide material/carbon black composites is compared with electrochemical characteristics of the same composites. Uniformity of carbon black distribution in cathode composites is achieved using novel coating technology in cathode preparation. In this technology, the active particles are first pretreated in a gelatin solution. The adsorbed gelatin then controls the deposition of carbon black so that carbon black particles are uniformly distributed in the final composite. The influence of various parameters, such as pH of gelatin, amount of gelatin and concentration of carbon black on the uniformity of carbon black distribution is investigated. It is shown that the conventional technology of cathode preparation yields quite non-uniform distribution of carbon black in cathode material. At the end, we demonstrate that uniformity of carbon black distribution has a crucial impact on reversible capacity, especially at high current densities.     

Carbon/polymer composite counter‐electrode application in dye‐sensitized solar cells

Carbon black was embedded in mixtures of poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(vinylidene fluoride–hexafluoropropylene) to make a carbon/polymer composite slurry, which was deposited onto a transparent conducting glass substrate by a doctor‐blade coating for application in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) as a counter‐electrode (CE) material. The experiments indicated that the photovoltaic parameters of the DSSCs were strongly dependent on the carbon concentration in the slurry. The device with a carbon CE whose mass ratio was 1 : 1 (mass ratio = carbon black mass to polymer mass) exhibited an overall energy conversion efficiency of 4.62%; this was comparable to that of a device with platinum as a CE (5.32%) under the same test conditions. The better electrocatalytic activity of CE‐1.0 (where 1.0 indicates the mass ratio of carbon black to polymer) for the reduction of triiodide resulted a higher performance of the DSSC with such a CE. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

The role of particle size in cathode optimization in alkaline primary batteries

In the search for cathode mixes which show maximum discharge performance, cathode mixes with different electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD) and graphite compositions have been investigated in a flooded test cell assembly. Variation in performance with particle size, both EMD and graphite, was observed. In general, performance improved with higher amount of graphite and finer particle size. Both lower open circuit potential and significantly better performance towards the lower potential range of the discharge occur with carbon black present. The influence of combinations of graphite and carbon black with high surface area has also been examined. The information gained can be used to better explain the influence of selected cathode materials in batteries.     

燃气用聚乙烯管材专用料炭黑粒径的测试方法

炭黑粒径作为燃气用聚乙烯管材专用料的一个技术指标逐渐得到大家的关注。针对炭黑粒径的检测方法进行探讨。还对试验过程中的影响因素,如煅烧温度、试剂、超声振荡时间和温度进行了讨论,并认为当煅烧温度为600～650℃,试剂为乙醇在冰浴下振荡4 h时,炭黑的分散效果最佳。     

硅微粉在摩托车外胎帘布胶中的应用

研究了硅微粉部分替代N660炭黑在摩托车外胎帘布胶中的应用,对帘布胶的性能进行了测试。结果表明,适量的硅微粉替代部分N660炭黑会降低胶料的门尼粘度,使胶料表面光滑,改善了胶料的压延工艺性能。对硫化胶的物理性能和成品的粘合性能等无不良影响,降低了成品轮胎生产成本。     

炭黑G660在工业车辆轮胎胎侧胶中的应用

研究炭黑G660在工业车辆轮胎胎侧胶中的应用。结果表明：与炭黑N660胶料相比,炭黑G660胶料的300%定伸应力、拉伸强度和撕裂强度相差不大,拉断伸长率较大,生热较低,耐屈挠性能较好,工艺性能满足生产要求,成本降低,成品轮胎物理性能相当。     

Improved carbon nanostructures as a novel catalyst support in the cathode side of PEMFC: a critical review

Carbon supported platinum nanoparticles are extensively used as electrocatalysts in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). The stability and performance of the electrocatalyst strongly depends on the deposition method and properties of the carbon support. Carbon black is commonly used as support for platinum (Pt–C) due to its low cost and high availability, good electrical performance, and relatively high surface area. However, carbon corrosion, Ostwald ripening, and Pt dissolution have been recognized as the main cause for low durability of this electrocatalyst under high potential conditions. As a result, the necessity for promising supports with higher stability is inevitable. It has been reported that carbon nanomaterials with higher mesoporosity, surface area, electrical conductivity, stability and suitable anchoring site are promising supports under harsh oxidizing condition of PEMFCs. This review is devoted to the development of recent advances in novel carbon nanomaterials as catalyst support, such as carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, graphene, mesoporous carbon, and etc., for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in PEMFCs. Moreover, the main challenges such as low activity, poor durability, and high cost, are addressed and discussed. The performance and obstacles of these carbons associated with different metal catalyst deposition methods are highlighted.