采用夹持果梗方法的水果检测分级机设计

采用夹持水果果梗的方法,设计一套能够适应当前水果在线检测分级需求的水果检测分级机,主要包括水果果梗夹持装置、输送装置、旋转装置以及分级卸果装置。其中果梗夹持装置是本设计的核心部件,它不仅能够独立完成果梗的夹持功能,还能够在其他辅助装置的配合下完成水果的输送、旋转及卸果功能。该果梗夹持装置实现了水果夹持部分与水果的共同旋转,有效避免了水果与机械装置之间的摩擦,使得整个水果检测分级机对水果的机械损伤大大降低,能够很好地满足水果在线检测分级的需求,具有较高参考价值和应用前景。     

水果自动分级技术的现状与发展

我国是一个水果生产大国,自动分级技术对提高我国鲜食水果的市场竞争力和利润水平有重要的意义。本文综述了国内外水果自动分级技术的研究进展和产品化现状;同时,对国内水果自动分级技术研究的现状及发展前景做了概括。     

基于DSP水果分级系统的一种新苹果检测方法

为了适应农产品加工过程中机器视觉水果分级技术的需要,本文描述了一种基于DSP的水果分级系统,介绍了一种水果分级过程中检测图像中水果的方法。通过采用单线扫描法和双线扫描法相结合的方法,使水果能够快速准确的被检测出来。该方法原理简单,容易实现。     

水果无损检测技术综述

随着经济发展与消费观念的转变,相比于水果价格,消费者更关注水果品质,当前我国水果采摘后的品质分级手段仍依赖人工或者简单粗略的机械筛选。本文介绍了电子鼻技术、计算机视觉技术、红外光谱技术以及电学特性检测技术的原理及发展,并比较了这些技术在水果无损检测领域中的不同应用。     

基于多传感器信息融合的水果综合品质检测与分级

由于单传感器获取信息不全,利用单一检测技术无法实现水果综合品质评价,多传感器信息融合成为水果分级分选的关键技术。介绍了信息融合的原理与方法,对多传感信息融合技术在水果品质检测中的应用进行了综述,旨在为水果分级分选提供技术参考。     

基于SOPC水果分级检测系统研究

为了解决传统的水果分级检测系统存在的分级速度慢、系统庞大和成本高等问题,提出了基于SOPC水果分级检测系统,并将整个控制系统集成到一个FPGA芯片上,以脱离PC机平台,从而降低成本。通过Soble算法实现了水果图像的边缘提取,通过直方图的方法对水果的大小进行分辨,从而可以准确地对水果进行分级处理。测试结果表明,该系统具有检测速度快,开发周期短,可在线升级的优点,具有很好的应用空间。     

水果蒸馏酒的开发及工业化生产

本文简述了我国水果资源及开发前景,结合内外水果蒸馏酒的加工技术,详细介绍了适合我国水果蒸馏酒生产的操作要点、产品质量标准和卫生要求。对于解决卖果难、消化解决残次果、发展山区经济工业化生产加工技术具有重要意义。     

基于人工智能的农产水果分级检测技术综述

水果的分级检测是水果品质保障的重要依据。随着人工智能和图像处理技术的大力发展、计算机硬件成本的下降和性能的提升,在水果品质检测中人工智能检测技术方面获得了越来越多的应用。本项目采用人工智能技术研究水果分类、水果外观缺陷检测、水果等级层次划分的自动化技术,用智能机器代替人工进行工作,保障农户产出的水果能快速出售,获得更高的经济效益。     

基于近红外、机器视觉及信息融合的水果综合品质检测

介绍了水果内外部品质检测的近红外、机器视觉和信息融合技术。近红外技术用于水果成熟度、坚实度、可溶性固形物和内部缺陷等内部品质的检测,机器视觉用于水果大小、形状、颜色、表面缺陷等外部品质的检测。但单一技术只能获得部分信息,采用多传感器信息融合技术可实现水果综合品质的评判,也是水果分级分选的发展趋势。     

无损检测技术在水果品质评价中应用的研究进展

水果品质评价能力的提高不仅有利于我国水果产业的发展,而且有利于增强我国在水果出口方面的竞争力。无损检测技术高效、快速、准确的特点在水果品质检测中得到了极大的应用。本文综述了电子鼻技术、计算机视觉技术、近红外光谱技术以及核磁共振技术等无损检测技术在水果品质检测中的应用,并分析了各技术的优缺点,为无损检测技术在水果品质评价中的应用提供参考。     

水果病虫害无损检测技术研究进展

水果的病害和虫害是影响水果品质等级鉴定的重要因素。水果在生长、加工、贮藏、运输过程中容易受到病菌侵染和害虫侵蚀,这将造成水果品质降低,同时对食品安全也会造成不良影响。本文综述了X射线成像技术、计算机视觉技术、核磁共振技术、光谱技术、新兴传感器技术等无损检测技术在水果病虫害识别与检测中的应用进展,并分析各技术的优势和劣势,重点介绍了高光谱成像技术在水果病虫害识别与检测方面的应用进展,分析存在的问题、展望发展趋势,为后续研究提供参考。     

重庆地区引种树莓及果实常见病虫害及其防治研究进展

树莓作为营养丰富具有多种保健功能和加工前景的水果,具有很高的经济价值,但在生长过程及采后环节容易遭受病虫害的侵染,特别是在重庆的高温高湿环境中。为提高重庆地区引种树莓的产量和品质,本文首先分析了栽培环节树莓植株和果实的常见病虫害,发现主要侵染病害是根腐病、茎腐病、果腐病、茎枯病、白粉病、树莓黏菌病,主要虫害包括柳蝙蝠蛾、树莓穿孔蛾、树莓蛀甲虫、叶螨、金龟子、果蝇等;根据病虫害及其发生规律,总结了一套病虫害防治措施。其次,分析了树莓果实采后常见的致病菌及其新发现的致病菌,主要侵染菌为灰葡萄孢,桃吉尔霉在采后贮藏期间的树莓果实上尚是首次报道,提出了采前和采后综合处理控制采后果实病害的技术手段     

COMPARATIVE RADIATION DOSE MAPPING OF SINGLE FRUIT TYPE AND MIXED-FRUIT BOXES FOR EXPORT FROM HAWAII

A generic radiation quarantine treatment of 400 Gy for insect pests infesting fresh fruit and vegetable and other horticultural commodities was recently approved in the U.S.A. Dose-mapping studies were conducted to compare dose variation during radiation treatment at 400 Gy of a single-fruit type and of mixed fruits packed in boxes. The tests included papaya, mango, banana, rambutan, longan, dragon fruit and various combinations of these tropical fruits. When radiation was applied to a single box containing one type of fruit or a mixture of two or three fruit types, measured doses were sometimes higher in the mixture. Irradiation of a simulated commercial load of 12 boxes resulted in no significant difference between single-fruit boxes and mixed-fruit boxes. In all experiments, the technical objectives of radiation treatment were met, meaning that all resulting doses fell between the minimum required dose of 400 Gy and the maximum allowable dose of 1,000 Gy.

PRACTICAL APPLICATION

Quarantine treatment protocols to disinfest fresh agricultural commodities of quarantine insect pests are traditionally developed for single commodities. No postharvest quarantine treatment has ever been approved for mixed fresh commodities. The information contained herein using a generic radiation dose will be submitted to regulatory authorities to gain approval for the first disinfestation treatment for mixed fresh commodities. This could lead to export approvals for value-added mixed-fruit gift boxes or other products which would diversify revenue for the tropical fruit industry.     

Effects of short-term controlled atmosphere treatment at elevated temperature on dried fig fruit

Commercial sun-drying has been practiced around the Mediterranean Basin for many centuries. Dried fruit are goods with a long shelf life but many factors including storage pests may limit their marketability. Before the decision to phase it out under the Montreal Protocol, methyl bromide (MB) was the most widely used fumigant to control storage pests due to its efficacy and relatively low cost. Now there is an urgent need to find MB alternatives for post-harvest use. The present research work comprised 3 experiments in 2005-6 carried out in a pilot fumigation chamber designed by EcO₂ (EcO₂ B.V., AG Numansdorp, The Netherlands). The objective was to test the effectiveness of controlled atmosphere (CA) (decreased O₂ at 1 ± 0.5%) at elevated temperature (41 °C) in controlling the major storage pests, fig moth (Ephestia cautella), Indian meal moth (Plodia interpunctella), and dried fruit beetle (Carpophilus spp.). In addition, major quality parameters of the hosts, dried figs, were analyzed soon after the treatments, and after 4 months of storage under ambient conditions, in comparison with MB-treated controls (60 g/m³ for 24 h). The CA treatment can be recommended as a post-harvest MB alternative for dried figs since it provided 100% control of the pest species tested, had neutral or positive effects on dried fruit quality and required comparatively short (c.26 h) treatment times compared with other MB alternatives.     

The Effect of Gamma Irradiation as a Phytosanitary Treatment on Physicochemical and Sensory Properties of Bartlett Pears

A major concern in exporting agricultural commodities is the introduction or spread of exotic quarantine pests to the new area. To prevent spread of insect pests, various phytosanitary measures are used. Worldwide commercial use of irradiation as a phytosanitary treatment has increased greatly in recent years; however, trade has been limited to tropical fruits. Bartlett pear is a major summer variety of California pears with great potential and market for export. In this study, the effect of gamma irradiation at dose levels of 400, 600, and 800 Gy on physicochemical properties and sensory attributes of early and late harvest Bartlett pears was investigated. Firmness and color changes indicate that irradiation delayed the ripening of pears by 1 d. For the early harvest pears, scarring, bruising, and off flavor were significantly increased at the highest irradiation dose (800 Gy). The appearance of early harvest 800 Gy irradiated pears was the only attribute that received significantly (P ≤ 0.05) lower scores than the control in consumer testing. For the late harvest pears, the 400 Gy fruit had lowest levels of scarring and bruising as rated by trained panelist but consumers did not score the control and 800 Gy fruit differently for any attribute. Titratable acidity, total soluble solids, and chroma were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) decreased and hue increased by irradiation for the early harvest pears. These results suggest that there was a difference in radiotolerance of early and late harvest pears, but in both cases, irradiation at 400 to 600 Gy seemed to maintain best quality.     

Pesticide residues in foodstuffs in Great Britain. 3. Arsenic and lead residues in imported apples

Arsenic and lead residue results are given for apples imported into the U.K. from Australia, Canada, Italy, New Zealand and South Africa in 1962-1965. The recommended intervals between final application and harvest for lead arsenate treatment against codling moth and other pests in the countries concerned are compared with practice in the U.K. and related to the residues that may occur in the fruit.     

食品中速灭威农药残留检测方法研究进展

速灭威是目前使用较为广泛的氨基甲酸酯类农药,主要用于水稻、棉花和果树的虫害防治。如果长期或不正当用药,极易在食品中残留损害人体健康,速灭威农药残留问题引起人们的极度关注。本文综述了毛细管电泳、高效液相色谱、气相色谱、色谱-质谱联用、免疫分析方法等速灭威农药残留检测方法的研究进展,并对检测方法进行了展望,以期为保证食品安全和提高我国速灭威农药残留的检测能力提供技术支持。     

浙江省出口葡萄生产管理操作规程

随着葡萄贸易的发展,越来越多的葡萄产品将出口至国外。因此,规范葡萄优质生产管理技术与出口操作流程对于确保葡萄顺利出口具有积极意义。依据GB/T1.1-2009的规则,规定出口葡萄术语、园区管理、建园、栽培管理、病虫鸟害绿色防控、果实采收与运输、包装、出口申报和质量溯源管理等关键环节。适用于浙江省及类似生态区出口葡萄的生产、管理及出境操作。     

Influence of Heat Treatments on Quality Retention of Fresh and Fresh-Cut Produce

Postharvest decay and insect infestation are two major causes that contribute towards higher postharvest losses during the fresh produce supply chain. Although decay and pest infestation could be controlled successfully via pesticide applications, the use of chemicals at the postharvest stage is becoming limited due to the strict regulations regarding pesticide residue levels enforced by importing countries. Heat treatments are environmentally friendly and recommended as alternative treatments to replace pesticide applications, especially with regard to fresh produce. These treatments help to eradicate pathogens or pests that are present on the fruit surface while maintaining the overall quality of the fresh produce during the supply chain. Browning is regarded as an economically important physiological disorder that causes detrimental effects on the quality maintenance of fresh-cut produce. Contamination of fresh produce by foodborne pathogens could occur at any stage during the production, harvesting, postharvest chain, or processing, and heat treatments could be recommended as an antibrowning or disinfection treatment for the fresh-cut industry. In light of the above, this review summarizes the effects of postharvest heat treatments on postharvest decay, insect infestation, physiological disorders, fruit ripening, retention of color, and bioactive compounds.     

Ripening Associated Phytochemical Changes in Mangos (Mangifera indica) Following Thermal Quarantine and Low-Temperature Storage

ABSTRACT: Fresh mangos entering the United States must be subjected to a thermal quarantine treatment to eliminate invasive pests, commonly followed by cold storage to extend shelf-life. Changes in phytochemicals and their resultant antioxidant capacity after such treatments are unknown. These studies evaluated mature, green mangos subjected to a simulated quarantine treatment using hot water immersion at 50°C for 60 min and subsequent storage at 5°C and 20°C against their respective controls. Fruit held at 5°C were transferred to 20°C after 8 d of storage to complete ripening, whereby symptoms of chill injury were observed. Phytochemical, antioxidant capacity, and quality parameters were then assessed every 4 d as the fruit ripened over the next 20 d. Storage temperature during ripening and not the hot water treatment was the major factor contributing to changes in polyphenolic content, with antioxidant capacity unaffected by either postharvest treatments or ripening. Major polyphenolics identified were free gallic acid and 4 gallotannins that collectively increased in concentration by 34% as the fruit ripened, also independent of postharvest and storage treatments. Carotenoid concentrations were highest in hot water-treated fruit stored at 20°C, whereas storage at 5°C initially delayed ripening. Despite appreciable differences in fruit quality during quarantine treatment or low temperature storage, only minor differences in antioxidant phytochemicals were observed.