Study on the algorithms to correct and compensate for GLONASS signal deviation based on GNSS receiver

At present, because of the construction of the navigation and positioning systems such as the China BeiDou, the research on complex receivers has become very urgent and active. This paper reports on the compatibility of the combined GPS and GLONASS data processing system. Because of the Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) access technique applied in GLONASS satellites, while different signals of GLONASS satellites pass through different parts of the Radio Frequency (RF), the group delay effect can appear. Especially, if the hardware design of the base station and rover station are different, the problem is more severe. Aimed at these issues, the reasons and conditions are studied and then the comprehensive correction methods of deviation are proposed such as: effective real‐time pseudorange and carrier phase deviation correction compensation; tracking GLONASS L2 signal; establishing a eceiver name database; base station providing the receiver name; rover station correcting deviation according to different base stations, and so on. Through the use of schemes and algorithms, the objective existence GLONASS deviation can be reduced, and the capacity of the GPS+GLONASS complex system can be improved. It is also demonstrated that if the base station receiver and rover are from different manufactures, the deviation from GLONASS pseudorange and carrier phase can lead to the failure of achieving centimeter level. With the algorithms, in all the applications and in any base station or networked system, the GPS+GLONASS complex system can exhibit the advantages over just GPS applied system both in positioning accuracy and positioning speed and other real‐time kinematic (RTK) positioning performance. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

GNSS/INS组合导航在飞行校验系统中的应用

目前的飞行校验系统以 GPS 作为空间基准,这种定位方式在精度、性能、可靠性方面都存在着固有缺陷。本文介绍的同步定位-姿态-导航(SPAN,Synchronous Position,Attitude and Navigation)技术集合了两种不同但互补的技术：全球导航卫星系统(GNSS,Global Navigation Satellite System)定位技术和惯性导航技术。通过二者的结合,SPAN 技术可以达到取长补短的目的,组合后的导航系统无论在精度、性能、可靠性方面都优于单独的子系统。将这项技术应用于飞行校验系统,利用 GNSS 定位的绝对精度加上惯性测量单元(IMU)陀螺和加速计测量的稳定性,就可以在卫星信号丢失或者高动态应用环境下仍然提供持续、稳定、可靠的位置及姿态数据。     

双模导航接收机时间系统一致性研究

卫星导航接收机在某些特殊地域使用时,集成了GPS和GLONASS的双模接收机可以弥补单模接收机的劣势,从而明显提高定位的可靠性及可用性。而GPS和GLONASS时间系统的不一致性对GPS/GLONASS双模接收机有重要制约,对其定位精度产生了一定影响。对GPS和GLONASS的时间系统差异进行了研究,给出对其一致性分析的具体方法。可推广至多导航模块的接收机中,从而使定位精度更加精准可靠。     

一种新型无人机自定位方法分析

一般情况下,无人机采用GPs／GLONASS／北斗等组合导航方式。但是,由于GPS／GLONASS／北斗等导航信号抗干扰能力比较弱,容易受到干扰而不能使用,因此解决在无卫星导航信号情况下如何实现无人机的自定位问题非常重要。提出了通过在地面设置应答机的方式来实现无人机系统的自定位,并对定位精度进行了理论推导和仿真计算,仿真结果表明可以通过对应答机的合理配置来提高无人机的自定位精度,很好地解决了当前复杂电磁环境下的无人机自定位问题。     

Performance of the GLONASS P-code at L1 and L2 frequencies

The transmission of satellite signals at two widely spaced frequencies allows correction of the ionospheric delay. Both GPS and GLONASS transmit such signals, and to date there have been no published dual frequency GLONASS studies. This paper shows the fundamental accuracy of the Leeds University multichannel GPS/GLONASS receiver. Details are then given of the processing methods that have been used to obtain the ionospheric group delay using GLONASS L1 and L2 P-code measurements. Examples of the measured delay are provided and compared with the GPS model. Navigation results are shown using the P-code phase at L1 only and with a combination of the L1 and L2 measurements. An analysis of the accuracy of the P-code pseudorange and navigation capability is presented.     

Compact Circularly Polarized Antenna with a Capacitive Feed for GPS/GLONASS Applications

This letter presents a novel compact circularly polarized patch antenna for Global Positioning System/Global Navigation Satellite System (GPS/GLONASS) applications. The proposed antenna is composed of a simple square radiating patch fed by a capacitive dual‐feeder to increase the impedance bandwidth and a lumped element hybrid coupler to achieve the broadband characteristic of the axial ratio (AR). The realized antenna dimensions are 28 mm × 28 mm × 4 mm, which is the most compact size among the dual‐band GPS/GLONASS antennas reported to date. The measured results demonstrate that the proposed antenna has a gain of 2.5 dBi to 4.2 dBi and an AR of 0.41 dB to 1.51 dB over the GPS/GLONASS L1 band (1.575 GHz to 1.61 GHz).     

Local area augmentation of GPS for the precision approach ofaircraft

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is investigating the feasibility of using the Global Positioning System (GPS), together with local augmentation as the primary navigation system for the Category II and III precision approach of aircraft. This augmented system would be known as a local area augmentation system (LAAS) because it would place subsystems on the ground at or near an airport to greatly enhance the performance of airborne GPS receivers approaching that airport. The LAAS would complement space-based augmentations of GPS, such as the wide area augmentation system. When complete, the integrated system will meet stringent requirements on accuracy, integrity, continuity, and availability. Indeed, the LAAS will improve the airborne accuracy from approximately 100 m for stand-alone GPS to better than 1 m. This high accuracy is required so that LAAS can guarantee the integrity and continuity of the aircraft guidance during the approach phase of flight. Integrity requires the LAAS to detect any situations which threaten the safety of the landing, and notify the aircraft within 2 s of such a threat. Continuity is a competing consideration-it requires that the total number of alarms, true plus false, sent to the aircraft is very small. High continuity guarantees that the total number of aborted approaches is manageably small. Finally, availability is the fraction of the time during which LAAS is operational-providing position fixes with the specified accuracy, integrity and continuity. This paper describes the LAAS which has been proposed by the FAA. It discusses the fundamental operation of the LAAS     

卫星导航系统上行注入的研究现状与发展趋势

上行注入系统是卫星导航系统的生命线,是卫星导航系统不可或缺的一部分。详细研究了国外全球卫星导航系统和区域卫星导航系统的上行注入方案：全球定位系统（GPS）正由GPS II阶段过渡到GPS III阶段,上行注入也从全球布站的单星直接注入方案转变为本土布站的基于星间链路转发的注入方案,“伽利略”（Galileo）采取了全球布站的单星直接注入方案,而俄罗斯全球导航卫星系统（GLONASS）、准天顶卫星导航系统(QZSS)和印度区域导航卫星系统(IRNSS)采取了本土布站的单星直接注入方案。随着各大全球系统逐步研究、规划和开发星间链路,基于星间链路转发的上行注入方案势必成为全球系统的上行注入方案发展趋势,链路协同注入和高速传输也必然成为该方案的关键技术。     

测量船应用“北斗”二代导航系统的可行性分析

通过建模理论分析和数值计算分析了“北斗”二代导航系统的定位性能及其对测量船应用的 影响,论证了其应用的可行性。对其定位性能的仿真计算表明：“北斗”二代导航系统比GP S最大定位误差增大约12 m。推导了船位误差与定位精度的关系,计算分析了船位 误差对测量船引导数据精度和外测精度的影响,得出在该导航系统主要覆盖区域,其定位性 能能够满足使用测量船需求的结论。     

Slot stripline circular-polarization antennas for a few-element antenna array for a high-accuracy receiver of signals from global navigation satellite systems

New radiators for slot stripline leaky-wave circular-polarization antennas for high-accuracy GLONASS/GPS receivers have been developed. The main technical characteristics of antennas with new radiators have been theoretically and experimentally studied. It is shown that application of the new radiators improves the axial ratio, increases suppression of the cross polarization, increases the stability of the antenna phase center, and thus can increase the GLONASS/GPS positioning accuracy. The results of the analysis of the GLONASS/GPS positioning accuracy with the use of these antennas in an angle-measuring receiver and as elements of a few-element antenna array are presented.     

全球卫星导航系统的发展概况

今天,卫星导航系统已经在大量应用中广泛使用,而且总的发展趋势是为实时应用提供高精度服务。迄今为止,比较完善的卫星导航系统已经有美国ＧＰＳ和俄罗斯ＧＬＯＮＡＳＳ系统,它们的定位和定时精度都能满足严格的军用定位和定量要求。而对大量的卫星导航需求,欧洲计划推出自己的卫星导航系统Ｇａｌｉｌｅｏ。本文对现有的ＧＰＳ和ＧＬＯＮＡＳＳ系统进行了描述和比较,并对Ｇａｌｉｌｅｏ系统的计划方案进行了简要说明。     

Integrated GPS/GLONASS navigation: Algorithms and results

The presence of selective availability (SA) on GPS has led to a variety of proposals for mitigation of its effects, for example combining GPS with other sensors or by identifying and removing the SA using redundant information in the position solution. A further method for reducing the impact of SA is the combination of GPS and GLONASS measurements. GLONASS does not have any deliberate degradation. This paper describes several algorithms for combining GPS and GLONASS measurements in real time on a single receiver. There are two least squares solutions using the code phase measurements alone: one with the measurements from both systems weighted equally, and one with the measurements weighted by the covariance of the measurements. Kalman filters with no SA model, and first- and second-order models, using both the code and carrier phase to estimate user position and velocity, are also implemented. Two different adaptive schemes are compared which attempt to identify SA model parameters in real time. The algorithms are compared in terms of their positioning accuracy, computational overhead and robustness. A ten-channel GPS/GLONASS receiver developed at The University of Leeds is used to provide satellite data for the evaluation of the different methods.     

GNSS CODE AND CARRIER TRACKING IN THE PRESENCE OF MULTIPATH

It is well known that multipath represents a major error source in differential GNSS positioning. Errors produced are unique to each antenna position and so are uncorrelated between the reference station and the mobile receiver. Reduction techniques, such as narrow correlator spacing¹ and the multipath estimating delay lock loop (MEDLL)² have improved the situation. However, reflected signals emanating close to the antenna are not reduced by either technique. Carrier multipath is a particular problem because short delay multipath signals cause maximum carrier errors. This study describes the analysis that has been carried out into code and carrier tracking in the presence of multipath. Code tracking in this situation produces a non-zero mean error,³ and the source of this bias has been investigated. Code and carrier multipath errors of the global orbiting navigation satellite system (GLONASS) have been compared with those of the global positioning system (GPS). The effects of pre-correlation filtering on code and carrier multipath errors have been determined using data from a measured correlation function. The multipath fading bandwidth is also discussed, and fast and slow fading effects are presented. A comparison has been made of the performance of typical coherent and non-coherent code discriminators in the presence of multipath. The performance of the GPS and GLONASS P code signals have been determined with respect to code and carrier multipath errors. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

GPS／GLONASS双星定位差分解算失效分析及解决措施

分析了GPS（全球定位系统）／GLONASS（全球卫星导航系统）双星接收机双星定位的原理,目的是解决多站雷达高精度定位中接收数据差分解算的失效,提出在GLONASS变化时把导航数据文件．jps转换成Rinex后再用Pinnacle处理或将双星接收机设置为单一的GPS模式下导航数据用Pinnacle处理的方法,用这两种方法处理的导航数据可进行差分解算,计算的定位精度满足设计要求。     

GPS轨迹测量系统在导弹飞行试验中的应用

空空导弹研制需要一系列空中系留飞行试验,以解决导弹制导系统对真实目标的截获跟踪能力。传统的系留试验由于地面试验人员无法实时掌握靶机和目标机的动态,给飞行试验结果造成了很大的不确定性;本系统利用日益广泛使用的GPS全球定位技术,从载机的导弹产品和目标机GPS吊舱接收下传的GPS信息,实时解算出目标机相对于载机位置、速度等信息,显示在数据处理软件上,从而使地面试验人员实时获取载机和目标机的相关信息,为试验指挥提供了可靠数据;实际应用结果表明,该系统大大提高了系留试验的成功率和导弹截获概率,为飞行试验节约了试验经费和时间,创造了良好的经济效益。     

On the inclusion of geographic information systems (GIS) in global navigation satellite systems (GNSS)

The latest innovation of the global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) technologies plays an important role in improving the quality and safety of modern life. Most of the applications evolved from the integration between GNSS, geographical information systems (GIS) and wireless communications and networking (WCN) systems. The wide spread applications that are using these technologies include: the automatic vehicle location (AVL), tracking systems, navigation systems, pedestrian navigation systems, intelligent transportation systems, precise positioning, and emergency callers, among others. The location‐based services (LBS) are possible only by the combination of GNSS, GIS and WCN. The growing need for commercial LBS has forced cellular‐phone and network manufacturers to concentrate on positioning solutions, which are even more precise than the regulatory mandates for positioning of emergency callers and other user services and applications. In this paper, we will present a literature review of the GNSS, the three satellite systems GPS, GLONASS and Galileo, which are aimed to support GNSS services, and a comparison between them and their role in creating a GIS. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高速摄像在起落架载荷测试中的应用

根据起落架载荷分析对轨迹测量的需求,综合利用光电经纬仪(EOMS) 、GPS (global position system)、全站仪(TPS110)等,设计了一套安全、可靠的测试及监控方案.从摄影测量和投影几何的角度出发,提出了一种基于序列影像的飞行器高精度轨迹求取方法、相机的标定方法和精度检测的方法,经过分析证明了...     

多星座卫星导航接收机跟踪通道结构改进

可用卫星数量的大幅增加使得传统的并行通道结构很难满足多星座卫星导航接收机的设计需求。为了减少电路规模和功耗,提出了一种通用的相关器跟踪结构,其可以跟踪GPS(Global Positioning System)/BDS(BeiDou Navigation Satellite System)/GLONASS(Global Navigation Satellite System)3种卫星信号。该电路通过预先存储中频数据、提高相关器工作频率的方法,充分利用了每个通道的效能。这种时分复用的电路改进方法可以实现大量等效并行通道。65 nm工艺下的实验结果表明,该结构在电路资源和功耗方面优于传统结构。FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Array)的验证结果进一步证明了该电路结构的有效性和正确性。     

L 型槽宽带圆极化天线

设计了一种L 型槽宽带圆极化天线,通过在矩形贴片上开L 型槽,并由L 型馈线馈电实现。由此设计出这种天 线有效带宽从1.05GHz 到2.05GHz,相对带宽可达64％,覆盖了GPS、GALILEO、COMPASS 和GLONASS 四种导航系 统。该天线结构简单,在卫星导航等领域具有广阔的应用前景。     

惯导系统航迹误差与真航向误差相关性研究

为了寻找一种新的评定飞行试验中真航向精度的方法,文中采用全球定位系统(GPS)作为参考基准,以两套不同型号的惯导系统作为试验对象,通过飞行试验研究惯导系统航迹误差与真航向误差的相关性。试验数据及分析结果表明,采用航迹误差间接评定真航向精度是可信的。