浅谈火电厂稳高压消防给水系统的若干问题

介绍了稳高压消防给水系统与临时高压消防给水系统的定义,进行了两类消防给水系统的对比,对火电厂稳高压消防给水系统水泵接合器及消防水箱的设置提出建议。     

化工企业稳高压消防给水工程设计

介绍石油化工企业稳高压消防给水系统的设计情况，对该系统的规模确定、水泵设置、联锁要求、消防管网及辅助设施的设置、消防系统的管理进行了分析总结，强调了设计中易忽视的问题。     

轻烃罐区消防稳高压给水系统设计

独立的稳高压消防给水系统,是石油和石化行业工程设计中经常用到的,本文通过某企业轻烃站球罐区消防稳高压设计工程实例,介绍了一种变频调速消防稳高压给水系统设计工艺及稳压控制点、设计流量等设计参数的确定方法。     

稳高压消防给水系统的应用

结合新区消防给水系统改造工程实例,介绍了石油一厂新区临时高压消防给水系统改造为稳高压消防给水系统的情况。并就其优、缺点和稳高压消防给水系统的技术问题作了必要的阐述。明确了稳高压消防给水系统具有灭火冷却及时,可靠有效的优点。     

简讯

为规范公司消防水系统的管理,杜绝违规使用导致消防给水管网不能保压,造成消防安全风险,河南煤化安化集团运输公司目前制定并下发了《消防水系统使用管理规定》,强调指出未经批准不得私自开启低压消防水系统,严禁私自开启稳高压消防水系统,严格日常管理,确保应急反应。同时对于未按时巡检,或巡检不认真,水泵非正常启动后未及时处理的,以及在稳高压消防水系统管网上连接与消防无关的用水管线,或与其他水系统进行连接的,     

浅谈石油化工企业稳高压消防水系统几个问题

就石油化工企业稳高压消防水系统的相关问题进行了探讨 ,包括系统组成及运行、压力确定、系统管理、消防水泵选型及用材、水泵的控制等     

稳高压消防系统中稳压泵设计参数确定的探讨

通过对国内稳高压消防系统设计过程中稳压泵流量、扬程确定的经验方法的深入剖析,并结合FM及NFPA的相关规定,深入分析了消防稳压泵在稳高压消防给水系统中的作用,明确指出这一作用是正确确定稳压泵的流量、扬程的理论基础与根本依据,进而提出了确定稳高压消防系统稳压泵流量、扬程的参考性方法。     

化工厂给水消防泵房的设计

本文在化工厂生活、生产、消防给水系统的基础上,简要的分析了化工厂给水系统的特点,然后从泵房的布置、水泵的选择和水泵的控制三个方面,结合某大型化工联合企业的给水消防泵房设计,对化工厂给水消防泵房设计进行了深入的研究。     

化工厂稳高压消防系统设计

稳高压诮防给水系统与其它稍防给水系统相比较,灭火持却及时迅速、可靠有艘。结台化工厂稳高压稍防给水改造工程的实例,从稍防给水系统的选择、氇压泵瘴量、插程确定、稍防主泵控制方式、幕统硪压设置及操作管理荨方面具体说明稳高压消防蛤水系统设计。     

小型化工企业稳高压消防给水系统设计的探讨

针对小型化工企业工艺流程、原辅料、产品等复杂多样的特点,结合相关设计规范和实际设计经验,深入探讨了小型化工企业采用稳高压消防给水系统的设计要点,包括系统的形式及组成、供水范围、设备配置、技术参数、控制方式、配电系统、消防管理等方面提出了建议。     

A new test methodology for studying the response of walls to real fire environments

A new test methodology was developed to investigate the response of walls, partitions, and in-wall systems exposed to real fires. The apparatus includes a 3.5 m long, 2.3 m wide, and 2.3 m high fire compartment within a standard sea container. A wall specimen measuring up to 1.8 m wide, 1.8 m tall, and 0.3 m deep is mounted in a steel frame at one end of the fire compartment. Fire exposures to the wall specimen evolve over time depending on the fuel load and ventilation configuration. Gas temperatures and heat flux were characterized for five different fuel and ventilation configurations. Peak exposures ranged from 30 to 75 kW/m² for about 20 minutes. Five additional tests were conducted using a single fuel and ventilation configuration to assess the repeatability of the test methodology. It was found that a 19.3 minute growth period occurred plateauing at a ceiling temperature of 708°C for 8.4 minutes, on average. Compartment gas temperatures were found to be repeatable, having a sample standard deviation less than 32°C for symmetric data. Repeatability improved when account was taken for the rapid fire growth inflection point. The utility of the approach for studying fire performance of building elements was demonstrated.     

Evaluating the heat resistance of thermal insulated sandwich composites subjected to a turbulent fire

The fire structural response of sandwich composite laminates incorporating bio‐derived constituents subjected to a turbulent flaming fire was investigated. Fire structural tests were conducted on thermal insulated sandwich composites incorporating a thin surface‐bonded non‐woven glass fibre tissue impregnated with char‐forming fire retardant, ammonium polyphosphate. The sandwich composite laminates were loaded in compression at 10%, 15% or 20% of the ultimate compressive strength while simultaneously subjected to turbulent flames imposing an incident heat flux of 35 kW/m². Generally, the failure time increased with the reduced applied compressive load. The thermal insulated sandwich composite laminates had considerably improved fire resistance in comparison to their unmodified counterparts. The unmodified composites failed 96 s earlier than the thermal insulated specimens when the compression load was 10% of the ultimate compressive strength. The presence of ammonium polyphosphate at the heat‐exposed surface promoted the formation of a consolidated char layer, which slowed down heat conduction into composite laminate substrate. The fire reaction parameters measured via the cone calorimeter provided insights into the thermal response hence fire structural survivability of sandwich composite laminates. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Experimental study of tenability during a full‐scale motorcoach tire fire

Full‐scale fire experiments were conducted at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to investigate tire fire interactions with the passenger compartment of a motorcoach. A single full‐scale experiment with a partially furnished interior was conducted to investigate tire fire growth within the passenger compartment and the onset of untenable conditions. A tire fire was initiated using a burner designed to imitate the frictional heating of hub and wheel metal caused by failed axle bearings, locked brakes, or dragged blown tires. Measurements of interior and exterior temperatures, interior heat flux, heat release rate, toxic gases, and visibility were performed. Standard and infrared videos and still photographs were also recorded. The results of this single experiment showed that after fire penetration into the passenger compartment, the tenability limits were reached within 8 minutes near the fire and within 11 minutes throughout the passenger compartment.     

LL阻燃剂的加入对防火涂料性能的影响

在防火涂料中加入了LL阻燃剂后,通过采用小室燃烧试验法、产烟试验、热分析仪、电子显微镜等实验检测和分析结果为依据,指出使用LL复合阻燃剂是进一步提高防火涂料性能的途径之一.提出LL阻燃剂的加量在15%时,防火涂料既有很好的防火性能,又有优良的理化性能.     

有机磷阻燃剂的研究进展

由于有机磷阻燃剂具有高效、低毒、无污染及无烟等特点,该领域的研究在国内外得到极大的关注。综述了磷酸酯类阻燃剂、膦酸酯类阻燃剂和磷杂环类阻燃剂的研究进展,并提出了有机磷阻燃剂今后的发展方向。     

超薄膨胀型钢结构防火涂料烃类火试验研究

钢结构建筑属于循环结构形式,由于钢材耐火性能差,温度超过600℃,材料强度和刚度都显著降低,因此必须对钢结构建筑进行防火保护。超薄膨胀型钢结构防火涂料逐渐应用到民用建筑钢结构防火保护中,而且GB14907—2002对其耐火性能评价方法有了具体规定,但是对石化烃类火环境下的耐火性能没有提及。本研究依据GB14907—2002的规定,参照UL1709的实验方法,对烃类火下超薄膨胀型钢结构防火涂料的耐火性能进行了测试。根据试验情况主要考察了涂料的发泡倍数,试验结果表明发泡倍数指标可以作为该类涂料的一个参考指标,并且对烃类火下超薄膨胀型防火涂料的施工养护和粘结强度等提出了建议。     

浅谈水泥工厂建(构)筑物防火设计

随着我国经济建设快速发展，国家对建筑物的防火要求越来越高。结合建筑设计防火规范和水泥工厂设计规范,针对其中条文相互补充互为关联的部分，结合设计实际，分析讨论水泥厂建（构）筑物生产的防火设计的防火分区、耐火等级及防火间距问题。     

Temperature of post‐flashover compartment fires—Calculations and validation

This paper describes and validates by comparisons with tests a one‐zone model for computing temperature of fully developed compartment fires. Like other similar models, the model is based on an analysis of the energy and mass balance assuming combustion being limited by the availability of oxygen, ie, a ventilation‐controlled compartment fire. However, the mathematical solution techniques in this model have been altered. To this end, a maximum fire temperature has been defined depending on combustion efficiency and opening heights only. This temperature together with well‐defined fire compartment parameters was then used as a fictitious thermal boundary condition of the surrounding structure. The temperature of that structure could then be calculated with various numerical and analytical methods as a matter of choice, and the fire temperature could be identified as a weighted average between the maximum fire temperature and the calculated surface temperature of the surrounding structure as a function of time. It is demonstrated that the model can be used to predict fire temperatures in compartments with boundaries of semi‐infinitely thick structures as well as with boundaries of insulated and noninsulated steel sheets where the entire heat capacity of the surrounding structure is assumed to be concentrated to the steel core. With these assumptions, fire temperatures could be calculated with spreadsheet calculation methods. For more advanced problems, a general finite element solid temperature calculation code was used to calculate the temperature in the boundary structure. With this code, it is possible to analyze surrounding structures of various kinds, for example, structures comprising several materials with properties varying with temperature as well as voids. The validation experiments were accurately defined and surveyed. In all the tests, a propane diffusion burner was used as the only fire source. Temperatures were measured with thermocouples and plate thermometers at several positions.     

Detailed analysis of a smouldering fire scenario at the murder scene experimental and numerical investigations

Based on forensic evidence, a smouldering fire was observed to have occurred at a murder scene. Identification of a reasonable timeline – specifically the fire dynamics of the ignition and fire growth that occurred coincident with the death that took place – became an important focus of the criminal investigation that followed. The fire service was called when a neighbour saw a grey smoke escaping through the ventilation system of the bathrooms on the roof of the house. One flat door with elevated temperatures was found. The fire fighter who entered the flat first reported later that the flat was completely filled with smoke and all windows were closed. When the fire fighter opened the balcony door, he saw flames on the sofa that he extinguished. Then he found a body on the floor. The autopsy showed later that the victim was dead before the fire started. The police suspected that the murderer probably had deliberately set the fire to destroy evidence. One suspect had been witnessed to be in the flat approximately 2 h before the fire was detected by the neighbour. The aim of this project was to investigate how the fire most likely started and developed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中外石油工程消防设计的差异

论述了石油工程设计中NFPA、API等常用国际消防标准规范与对应的国内消防设计规范的不同之处,结合消防给水、消防泵、消防系统设置等方面的设计和选型,对中外消防规范进行比较分析,为今后涉外项目的消防设计提供参考。