钢筋混凝土结构免预压法施工技术

结合大同大学体育馆工程，提出了采取大跨度钢筋混凝土拱方案，介绍了大跨度拱施工的技术难点及其工艺原理，对支撑体系的选择与优化、模板工程、钢筋工程、混凝土工程和落架的施工要点和施工工艺进行了详细阐述，为拱结构的设计研究和制定施工方案提供了理论依据。     

结合工程实例论基坑支护技术

本文通过对工程基坑支护方案的选择、方案的比较及主要施工技术的论述，对工程效果作出了分析。     

影响基础方案的因素及实例分析

介绍了影响建筑物基础方案的诸多因素，结合工程实例，通过对场地工程地质条件的分析与评价，对基础方案进行了选择，并根据场地条件、市场施工技术与设备状况及地区经验对可能采用的桩基础类型做了阐述，以合理选择建筑物基础形式。     

某优秀历史建筑改造加固实例分析

以某优秀历史建筑鉴定与加固技术为工程背景,针对优秀历史建筑的加固改造工程现场检测、计算分析和加固方案选择进行了具体阐述,探讨了该优秀历史建筑改造特点和方案选择遵循原则,对今后类似鉴定及加固工程具有参考作用。     

增层改造工程中对砖砌大方脚基础几种加固方法介绍

与新建工程相比，既有建筑地基基础的加固是一项技术较为复杂的工程，因此，在选择既有建筑地基基础加固方案时，可结合工程特点，同时考虑上部结构、基础和地基共同作用，采取切实可行的方案。     

高速公路服务区给排水工程建设探讨

通过对高速公路服务区给排水工程建设中工程组织，技术、质量通病、环保等方面的管理进行分析探讨，提出了工程全方位管理措施；管道穿越高速公路中央隔离带的方案选择，质量通病消除措施以及环境保护的方案选择，解决了工程建设中一些难点问题。     

预应力箱形梁施工技术在桥梁工程中的应用

本文结合工程实例，分析介绍了预应力箱形梁在桥梁改建加固工程施工方案的比较与选择，并对预应力箱形梁施工技术工艺进行了深入阐述。     

价值工程在设计方案选择中的应用

在诸多工程设计的可行性方案中，如何选择优秀方案，已成为确定方案的重要环节。提出了运用价值工程的方法对各可行方案进行技术经济的全面比较，以确定最满意方案。     

边坡加固的优化设计研究

阐述了各种边坡加固技术的设计原理与使用条件，归纳总结了边坡加固方案的选择方法，同时结合实际工程，运用上述理论和方法对边坡加固进行了优化设计，力争做到使用上安全可靠、施工技术上简便可行、经济上合理。     

帷幕搅拌桩与喷锚联合支护技术在深基坑中的应用

在怀化某花园工程深基坑施工中，针对工程地质水文特点及工程难点，提出了深基坑施工方案选择的原则。经对六种基坑施工方案的比选，确定在本工程采用“帷幕搅拌桩与喷锚联合支护技术”。工程实践证明其应用效果良好，保障了深基坑施工的安全。     

土的基本特性及本构关系

面对土的外延持续拓展、内涵不断深化、本构模拟精度要求日趋提升的挑战,土的基本特性与本构关系研究要回归初心,面向工程需求,聚焦于达到工程分析精度而需要刻画的土的宏细观一体化特性,称作土的工程本征性。工程本征性主要有三相性、各向异性、摩擦性和剪胀性等几个方面,其内涵和发展趋势基于研究现状进行探讨。研究与刻画土的工程本征性时,应基于一体化的思路,注重细观特征和宏观特性刻画精度的均衡性,即：宏观层面的研究指导在细观层面有目标的观测,而不需要无止境的追求各类细观层面的细节;细观层面的研究为宏观层面的刻画提供充分依据,从而克服脱离细观机理的唯象假设。以土的工程本征性为核心探讨土的基本特性与本构关系研究的宏细观一体化建模方法,结合强度理论和多过程耦合模型等课题探讨研究现状与发展趋势。简要回顾本构理论研究的重要进展,指出土的本构理论研究已经具备深厚积累,以期为宏细观一体化的工程本征性研究奠定坚实的基础。     

Residential building damage and natural perils: Australian examples and issues

The most important natural perils in Australia are tropical cyclones, earthquakes, bushfires, thunderstorms, floods, landslides and tsunamis. However, as far as residential buildings are concerned, the correct relative order of importance depends on the frames of reference used. Certainly, meteorological perils are more significant than geological hazards. Residential building damage produced by the most important natural hazards is assessed. Governance is shown to be poorly related to actual risk. Tropical cyclone wind-loading codes are amongst the best in the world, but the more limited potential for storm surge damage is largely ignored. While land-use regulations are strong in some states, almost no attention has been paid to appropriate building materials for flood-prone properties. Hail is probably the most important peril along the populated south-eastern seaboard, but no regulations govern roofing materials. Other issues relating to the present understanding of damage to buildings are raised.     

居住区地表种植面积保障技术

本研究的目的是在现有的城市土地资源不变的情况下，在不改变现有的居住区规划设计规范条件下，通过相对简单的技术手段，探索增加居住区地表种植面积的有效措施，并用这些方法使我国已经建成的优秀居住区能新增加的绿化地表种植面积约占小区总面积的２．７％，对这我国城市居住住区环境建设的可持续发展有着积极意义。     

Debating the future of comfort: environmental sustainability, energy consumption and the indoor environment

Vast quantities of energy are consumed in heating and cooling to provide what are now regarded as acceptable standards of thermal comfort. In the UK as in a number of other countries, there is a real danger that responses in anticipation of global warming and climate change - including growing reliance on air-conditioning - will increase energy demand and CO₂ emissions even further. This is an appropriate moment to reflect on the history and future of comfort, both as an idea and as a material reality. Based on interviews and discussions with UK policy makers and building practitioners involved in specifying and constructing what will become the indoor environments of the future, four possible scenarios are identified each with different implications for energy and resource consumption. By actively promoting debate about the indoor environment and associated ways of life, it may yet be possible to avoid becoming locked into social and technical trajectories that are ultimately unsustainable. The aim of this paper is to inspire and initiate just such a discussion through demonstrating that comfort is a highly negotiable socio-cultural construct.     

和谐与个性——浅析北京应用物理及计算数学研究所信息楼的设计

对北京应用物理及计算数学研究所信息楼的建筑方案进行了总结分析，阐述了它在与规划的协调、功能、造型、细部设计等方面的设计特点，也指出了一些存在的问题。     

Environmental impact analysis for typical office facades

The design of a building facade influences internal thermal and lighting conditions and energy use associated with the provision of these conditions. Key decisions about the building facade are usually taken during the concept design stage of a building, while decisions about the method of providing the environmental conditions are often made later in the design process. This dilemma is addressed by the development of a concept design tool that allows the design team to investigate the effect of facade design on the resulting internal environmental conditions, energy use and environmental impact. The concept design tool was developed by performing detailed thermal, lighting and environmental modelling for a number of generic office building facade designs and a range of parameters that affect directly the environmental performance of an office building. The results are presented in a user-friendly interface requiring a minimum number of inputs. Key parameter outputs (such as temperature, lighting levels, heating/cooling energy demand, embodied energy and eco-points) can then be viewed, while a more detailed analysis can also be created for specified facade designs. A parametric analysis of the summary result outputs for selected facade parameters indicates that natural ventilation and cooling can reduce the environmental impact of offices by up to 16%, although heating energy demand could increase significantly. Improving the construction standard of the facade and reducing the internal heat loads can reduce the environmental impact by up to 22%. Use of this tool at early design stages will benefit the design team through an improved understanding of the dynamics between facade design and building services and assist with a more integrated approach.     

The dynamics of alkalinity generation by an anoxic sediment exposed to acid water

The time dependence of the rate of generation of alkalinity by productive sediments treated with acid waters was investigated for various conditions using continuously stirred flowing reactors. Complete mass balances allowed the generated alkalinity to be related to specific processes, none of which were affected by light. The high rate of oxidation of organic material was sufficient to consume all the oxygen, nitrate and sulphate supplied to the vessels during the first few days of incubation, but by 15 days sulphate reduction had ceased and oxygen and nitrate reduction were incomplete. In incubations supplied with anoxic waters there was an initial small release of calcium, but by 10–15 days the generation of alkalinity could be accounted for by nitrate reduction (23%), sulphate reduction (47%), Fe(II) production (23%) and NH₄⁺ production (7%). Iron(II) was exhausted when only 1% of the total amount of iron in the sediment had been released. In incubations supplied with oxygenated waters sulphate was only reduced during the first 10 days while oxygen was completely consumed. By 15 days there was incomplete consumption of oxygen and the generation of alkalinity was accounted for by nitrate reduction (36%), calcium release (53%) and NH₄⁺ production (11%). Comparisons of reaction rates indicate that calcium is released by being replaced by ammonium ions which are generated by decomposition of organic matter. Although, in the longer term, more base is generated by sediment incubated anoxically, sediments incubated with oxygenated water generate base more rapidly for the first few days until the most readily oxidized organic matter is consumed.     

儿童友好型社区营造中的参与者社会网络构建与分析 —以湖南省长沙市育才第三小学"娃娃农园"营造实践为例

Introducing the case of the Kids’ Gardens in Yucai No. 3 Primary School in Changsha City, Hunan Province, this study established sociograms upon the contact-frequency-based network with UCINET to systematically analyze the characteristics of different participants in the process of the childfriendly community building and the varying pattern of all social relations, aiming at addressing problems emerging in public participation and multi-stakeholder collaboration in Chinese mainland. It was found that by bonding stakeholders including citizens, the government and party organizations, universities, and public institutions and enterprises, this practice encouraged the school — as a community — to leverage its internal resources. The school finally overcame the organizational inertia and achieved independent operation and growth during the process of community building. The study also demonstrated that the social network of participants was developed and defined with both independent and dependent modes from an overall perspective, of which the former characterized for its dominant internal ties and a dense tree-like hierarchical management structure might be more efficient. From a participant perspective, the brokerage roles in key nodes were critical to the community building. Finally, spatial design strategies, including enhancing the spatial affordance to serve diverse activities, space zoning and allocation, offering “half-done” spaces, and phased development, were provided for similar community building practice.     

Architecture a sspatial-textile storytelling: Metamorphosis of frieze as a narrative medium mediating the Panathenaia festival

Classical temples constructed by an entire class are considered as a democratic artifact that symbolizes social and communal beliefs and embodies religious significance. In contrast with these meanings that existing scholars have addressed, this paper investigates the extent to which architecture, as both shelter and artwork, serve as a medium of spatial-textile storytelling, providing a rich sensory context that represents and mediates culture. This study is drawn from a case study of the Ionic frieze in Parthenon, Athens, considered both a textile and spatial storytelling device. The research method applied in this paper consists of a literature review of references on the ideas on the links between textile making and architectural ornament by Gottfried Semper, as well as the historical development of the frieze in both textile weaving and classical architecture. The paper concludes that the significance of the religious Panathenaia festival is not merely depicted by the peplos identified on the central east Ionic frieze, but is also expressed in the entire representational scheme of the Ionic frieze, along with the overall spatial configuration of the Parthenon. Architecture, instantiated by the Parthenon, is regarded as spatial-textile storytelling to communicat emeanings.     

Screens

The screen is a recurring element in the work of Niall McLaughlin Architects . Environmental considerations have provided the opportunity for inclusion of the screen in built works, but it has been embraced by them for its geometric and material qualities, as well as the play it affords with light. The practice has relished the transformative powers of inserting everyday found objects into the screens to provide an additional level of surprise and delight. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.