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1.
There are only a few ethical regulations that deal explicitly with robots, in contrast to a vast number of regulations, which
may be applied. We will focus on ethical issues with regard to “responsibility and autonomous robots”, “machines as a replacement
for humans”, and “tele-presence”. Furthermore we will examine examples from special fields of application (medicine and healthcare,
armed forces, and entertainment). We do not claim to present a complete list of ethical issue nor of regulations in the field
of robotics, but we will demonstrate that there are legal challenges with regard to these issues.
相似文献
Michael Nagenborg (Corresponding author)Email: URL: www.michaelnagenborg.de |
Rafael CapurroEmail: |
Jutta WeberEmail: |
Christoph PingelEmail: |
2.
Marie-Laure Betbeder Philippe Cottier Colin Schmidt Pierre Tchounikine 《AI & Society》2006,20(3):314-330
In this article, we present research in the making of a collective work environment within the framework of a distance education course. We base our theoretical and methodological standpoints on examples of dialogical discourses recorded within the framework of this CSCL system called Symba. In fact, the results of previous research lead us to rethink our vision of the study of collaborative moments between participants in a computer-supported human learning environment that proposes several communication tools. Redefining the methodological process aiming at finding and understanding these rich learning moments is also necessary. We intend to describe “socio-technical” instances during which these collaboration phases appear. More generally speaking, our aim is to draw up both new theoretical and methodological perspectives that would be reusable in CSCL environments; in view of the nature of these two perspectives, and the diversity of the domain knowledge (sociology, cognitivism, linguistics, philosophy, statistics, etc.) brought to bear in the study of the environment in question, our approach constitutes a trans-disciplinary reassessment of the uses of the communication tools—and the study thereof—proposed.
相似文献
Marie-Laure BetbederEmail: |
3.
David J. Calverley 《AI & Society》2008,22(4):523-537
As non-biological machines come to be designed in ways which exhibit characteristics comparable to human mental states, the
manner in which the law treats these entities will become increasingly important both to designers and to society at large.
The direct question will become whether, given certain attributes, a non-biological machine could ever be viewed as a “legal
person.” In order to begin to understand the ramifications of this question, this paper starts by exploring the distinction
between the related concepts of “human,” “person,” and “property.” Once it is understood that person in the legal sense can
apply to a non-biological entity such as a corporation, the inquiry then goes on to examine the folk psychology view of intentionality
and the concept of autonomy. The conclusion reached is that these two attributes can support the view that a non-biological
machine, at least in theory, can be viewed as a legal person.
相似文献
David J. CalverleyEmail: |
4.
Hiroshi Kuriyama Kyung-Hyu Lee G. S. Kuo Shingo Ata Choong Seon Hong 《Journal of Network and Systems Management》2008,16(1):113-119
This article presents a report on APNOMS 2007, which was held October 10–12, 2007 in Sapporo, Japan. The theme of APNOMS 2007
was “Managing the Next Generation Networks and Services.”
相似文献
Choong Seon HongEmail: |
5.
A comprehensive method for movie abstraction is developed in this research for applications in fast movie content exploring,
indexing, browsing, and skimming, Most current approaches rely heavily on specific domain knowledge or models to identify
and extract the determining scenes of a given movie; however, the segments extracted are often isolated, presenting a fragmented
outline of the original. Our proposed method fuses simple audiovisual features, and measures the “tempos” of a movie directly,
especially that of long-term ones. These tempos form a curve that catches the high-level semantics of a movie, indicating
the events of interests named as “story intensity.” Through tempo, the proposed algorithm provides a natural way that segments
a movie into manageable parts. As our experimental results demonstrate, the condensed skimming clips efficiently extract semantic
content that contains the most interesting and informative parts of the original movie.
相似文献
Chih-Hung KuoEmail: |
6.
Video scene retrieval with interactive genetic algorithm 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
This paper proposes a video scene retrieval algorithm based on emotion. First, abrupt/gradual shot boundaries are detected
in the video clip of representing a specific story. Then, five video features such as “average color histogram,” “average
brightness,” “average edge histogram,” “average shot duration,” and “gradual change rate” are extracted from each of the videos,
and mapping through an interactive genetic algorithm is conducted between these features and the emotional space that a user
has in mind. After the proposed algorithm selects the videos that contain the corresponding emotion from the initial population
of videos, the feature vectors from them are regarded as chromosomes, and a genetic crossover is applied to those feature
vectors. Next, new chromosomes after crossover and feature vectors in the database videos are compared based on a similarity
function to obtain the most similar videos as solutions of the next generation. By iterating this process, a new population
of videos that a user has in mind are retrieved. In order to show the validity of the proposed method, six example categories
of “action,” “excitement,” “suspense,” “quietness,” “relaxation,” and “happiness” are used as emotions for experiments. This
method of retrieval shows 70% of effectiveness on the average over 300 commercial videos.
相似文献
Sung-Bae ChoEmail: |
7.
The sudden experience of the computer 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Robert Rosenberger 《AI & Society》2009,24(2):173-180
The experience of computer use can be productively articulated with concepts developed in the phenomenological tradition of
philosophy. Building on the insights of classical phenomenologists, Ihde has advanced a sophisticated view of the ways humans
relate to technology. I review and expand on his notions of “technological mediation,” “embodiment,” and “multistability,”
and apply them to the experience of computer interface. In particular, I explore the experience of using a computer that fails
to work properly. A revealing example is the experience of a user who suddenly and unexpectedly encounters a slowly-loading
webpage while using the Internet. This phenomenological framework provides an account of the ways a suddenly failing technology
changes our relationships to the device, to the world, and to ourselves, and it also suggests how this experience can be usefully
reconceptualized.
相似文献
Robert RosenbergerEmail: |
8.
The Method of Levels of Abstraction 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Luciano Floridi 《Minds and Machines》2008,18(3):303-329
The use of “levels of abstraction” in philosophical analysis (levelism) has recently come under attack. In this paper, I argue that a refined version of epistemological levelism should be retained as a fundamental method, called the method of levels of abstraction. After a brief introduction, in section “Some Definitions and Preliminary Examples” the nature and applicability of the epistemological
method of levels of abstraction is clarified. In section “A Classic Application of the Method of Abstraction”, the philosophical
fruitfulness of the new method is shown by using Kant’s classic discussion of the “antinomies of pure reason” as an example.
In section “The Philosophy of the Method of Abstraction”, the method is further specified and supported by distinguishing
it from three other forms of “levelism”: (i) levels of organisation; (ii) levels of explanation and (iii) conceptual schemes.
In that context, the problems of relativism and antirealism are also briefly addressed. The conclusion discusses some of the
work that lies ahead, two potential limitations of the method and some results that have already been obtained by applying
the method to some long-standing philosophical problems.
相似文献
Luciano FloridiEmail: |
9.
In this study, we intend to examine information retrieval behaviors from a psychological point of view using a search engine
on the World Wide Web (WWW). We investigated information retrieving behaviors in detail based on both the recorded data of
retrievers’ web browsing actions and their thinking processes by the “think aloud” method. We focused on selected keywords
for retrieving and compared them between retrievers who had enough knowledge about their task and those who did not. Our goal
was to learn about the literacy needed for finding required information efficiently on the WWW.
相似文献
Asako MiuraEmail: |
10.
Tat-Jun Chin Yilun You Celine Coutrix Joo-Hwee Lim Jean-Pierre Chevallet Laurence Nigay 《The Visual computer》2009,25(1):25-37
The ubiquity of camera phones provides a convenient platform to develop immersive mixed-reality games. In this paper we introduce
such a game which is loosely based on the popular card game “Memory”, where players are asked to match a pair of identical
cards among a set of overturned cards by revealing only two cards at a time. In our game, the players are asked to match a
“digital card”, which corresponds to a scene in a virtual world, to a “physical card”, which is an image of a scene in the
real world. The objective is to convey a mixed-reality sensation. Cards are matched with a scene identification engine which
consists of multiple classifiers trained on previously collected images. We present our comprehensive overall game design,
as well as implementation details and results. We also describe how we constructed our scene identification engine and its
performance. Finally, we present an analysis of player surveys to gauge the potential market acceptance.
相似文献
Laurence NigayEmail: |
11.
Defining the grid: a snapshot on the current view 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Heinz Stockinger 《The Journal of supercomputing》2007,42(1):3-17
The term “Grid” was introduced in early 1998 with the launch of the book “The Grid. Blueprint for a new computing infrastructure”.
Since that time many technological changes have occurred in both hardware and software. One of the most important ones seems
to be the wide acceptance of Web services. Although the basic Grid idea has not changed much in the last decade, many people
have different ideas about what a Grid really is. In the following article we report on a survey where we invited many people
in the field of Grid computing to give us their current understanding.
相似文献
Heinz StockingerEmail: |
12.
Multirelational classification: a multiple view approach 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Multirelational classification aims at discovering useful patterns across multiple inter-connected tables (relations) in a
relational database. Many traditional learning techniques, however, assume a single table or a flat file as input (the so-called
propositional algorithms). Existing multirelational classification approaches either “upgrade” mature propositional learning
methods to deal with relational presentation or extensively “flatten” multiple tables into a single flat file, which is then
solved by propositional algorithms. This article reports a multiple view strategy—where neither “upgrading” nor “flattening”
is required—for mining in relational databases. Our approach learns from multiple views (feature set) of a relational databases,
and then integrates the information acquired by individual view learners to construct a final model. Our empirical studies
show that the method compares well in comparison with the classifiers induced by the majority of multirelational mining systems,
in terms of accuracy obtained and running time needed. The paper explores the implications of this finding for multirelational
research and applications. In addition, the method has practical significance: it is appropriate for directly mining many
real-world databases.
相似文献
Herna L. ViktorEmail: |
13.
Multilingual language resources and interoperability 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Andreas Witt Ulrich Heid Felix Sasaki Gilles Sérasset 《Language Resources and Evaluation》2009,43(1):1-14
This article introduces the topic of “Multilingual language resources and interoperability”. We start with a taxonomy and
parameters for classifying language resources. Later we provide examples and issues of interoperatability, and resource architectures
to solve such issues. Finally we discuss aspects of linguistic formalisms and interoperability.
相似文献
Gilles SérassetEmail: |
14.
15.
According to European Directives, it would be necessary to develop freight interoperability, defined as crossing borders from
one country to another without changing either locomotive or driving crew. This project is a challenge for the railway companies
that control infrastructures and traffic. The interoperability implementation implies changes in work techniques, regulation
and organisation, that may affect the reliability of the systems involved, giving rise to risky situations in terms of production,
regularity and safety. The purpose of this paper is to describe a proactive ergonomic approach used for the integration of
human factors and safety at the early stages of design for future interoperable situations. Ergonomic analysis has been oriented
within a socio-technical frame where a workstation is viewed in its technical and organisational dimensions. Three methods
have been used: observations in marshalling yards and driving cabin in other countries, staff interviews and analyses of incidents
and hazards. Results formed the basis for developing “a methodological guide for integrating human factors”. In a more general
way, some principles for an ecological design of a safe organisational system are provided in the last section of this paper.
相似文献
M. KaplanEmail: |
16.
This paper considers the problem of computing an optimal policy for a Markov decision process, under lack of complete a priori
knowledge of (1) the branching probability distributions determining the evolution of the process state upon the execution
of the different actions, and (2) the probability distributions characterizing the immediate rewards returned by the environment
as a result of the execution of these actions at different states of the process. In addition, it is assumed that the underlying
process evolves in a repetitive, episodic manner, with each episode starting from a well-defined initial state and evolving
over an acyclic state space. A novel efficient algorithm for this problem is proposed, and its convergence properties and
computational complexity are rigorously characterized in the formal framework of computational learning theory. Furthermore,
in the process of deriving the aforementioned results, the presented work generalizes Bechhofer’s “indifference-zone” approach
for the ranking & selection problem, that arises in statistical inference theory, so that it applies to populations with bounded
general distributions.
相似文献
Theologos BountourelisEmail: |
17.
Rand Edwards 《Journal of Network and Systems Management》2007,15(4):555-567
Operations Support Systems (OSS) have been a critical component of any telecommunications company’s business plan. In this
paper we examine the history of OSS from the perspectives of maturing support for problem domains, enabling technologies,
and system integration. Finally, we will look at the problems posed by the coming “everything over IP” networks, the changing
communications provider landscape and the impact on operations support systems.
相似文献
Rand EdwardsEmail: |
18.
The concept and theory of material flow 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Shoubo Xu 《Information Systems Frontiers》2008,10(5):601-609
This paper, for the first time, presents seven main theories under the Material Flow (MF) Theory, namely “Material flow theory”,
“Comprehensive MF theory”, “MF element theory”, “MF nature theory”, “MF science and technology theory”, “MF engineering theory”
and “MF industry theory”. The paper points out that the MF is the collective term for the flow of macroscopic goods and that
of microcosmic substances. The material flow is not only an economic phenomenon, but also social and natural ones. There is
not only economic MF, but also social and natural ones. The economic MF is the core for the MF, and the social and natural
MF is the basis for the MF; no matter whether in nature, society or economic circles, the MF comprises of five basic elements:
Material, Flow, Owner, Region and Time, among which Material is the core one; the MF is divided into intrinsic and extrinsic
ones by nature. Its intrinsic natures include Material, Flow, Owner, Region and Time; its extrinsic natures include Party,
Service, Management, Technology and Economy. The MF science and technology is a scientific and technological field with very
strong comprehensibility, dealing with subjects including natural science, engineering technology and science, and human and
social studies; the MF engineering is a syntheses comprising of six MF elements or six MF forces. The MF’s hard science and
technology and its soft science and technology can be applied to national economy in the most efficient way, with the fundamental
purpose to benefit the mankind; the MF is not only an industry, but also a backbone industry, and even a backbone industry
group. The paper provides some insights into future enterprise integration in a global supply chain environment.
相似文献
Shoubo XuEmail: |
19.
Synchronization protocols based on “dead-reckoning” are vulnerable to a popular type of cheat called speed-hack. A speed-hack
helps a cheater to gain unfair advantages by essentially speeding up the actions of the avatar controlled by the cheater,
so that the cheater can move, explore and gather items faster than honest players. This paper presents a novel version of
a dead-reckoning protocol that is invulnerable to speed-hacks. Existing games based on dead-reckoning can easily be modified
to use this hack-proof dead-reckoning protocol and how the protocol works on both client-server architecture and peer-to-peer
(P2P) architecture will be demonstrated in this paper.
相似文献
John C. S. Lui (Corresponding author)Email: |
20.
To determine the maximum separation between events for nonrepetitive systems with max and linear constraints, there are the
“iterative tightening from above” (ITA) approach and the “iterative tightening from below” (ITB) approach. Since such systems
can be formulated as systems constrained by min–max inequalities, this paper gives an algorithm named MMIMaxSep for solving min–max inequalities. The algorithm is a generalization and a mathematically elegant reformulation of Yen et
al.’s MaxSeparation algorithm which uses the ITB approach. Our numerical experiments indicate that MMIMaxSep is very efficient. Moreover, MMIMaxSep has a unique advantage of being able to directly handle tree-represented min–max functions, and its complexity is closely
related to the complexity of computing cycle time of min–max functions.
相似文献
Yiping ChengEmail: |